# For Python 2, using the print() function from Python 3 helps future compatibility.
# It also allows better syntax when printing to files, or changing the line ending.
from __future__ import print_function

print('Python', 'Tips', sep='-', end='')

import sys
print('There was an error!', file=sys.stderr)

with open(filename, 'w') as f:
    print('Python!', file=f)

my_list = ['a','b','c','d','e']
reverse_list = my_list[::-1]

my_string = "python"
print my_string[::-1]

my_list = [1,2,3,4,5,6]
reverse_list = my_list[::-2]
# output : [6,4,2]

  my_list = ['a','b','c','d','e']
  my_list[3:] = ['x','y','z']
  print my_list
  #output : ['a', 'b', 'c', 'x', 'y', 'z']

a = [1, 2, 3, 4]
''' Considered as one of the weirdest syntax to copy elements.'''
a_copy = a[:]

''' Another way of copying a list.'''
a_copy2 = list()
a_copy2.extend(a) # output a_copy2 = [1, 2, 3, 4]

data = "abcd"
data_list2 = list(data)  # OutPut: data_list = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'] 

import os.path
os.path.isfile(filename) # True if file exists
os.path.isfile(dirname) # False if directory exists

import os.path
os.path.exists(filename) # True if file exists
os.path.exists(dirname) #True if directory exists

from pathlib import Path
Path(filename).exists()

from subprocess import call
call(['ls,'-l'])

from subprocess import check_output
output = check_output(['ls', '/usr/bin'])

from subprocess import check_output, STDOUT, CalledProcessError
try:
    output = check_output(['ls', '/nonexistent'], stderr=STDOUT)
except CalledProcessError:
    print('Error: {}'.format(output.decode()))
else:
    print('Success: {}'.format(output.decode()))

print('True' if True else 'False')

for i in range(5):
    print('Here we go!')
    if i == 2:
        break
else:
    print('There we went.')
else :
    print('String is empty')
# output : Here we go!
#          Here we go!
#          Here we go!

for i in range(5):
    print('Here we go!')
    if i == 10:
        break
else:
    print('There we went.')
# output : Here we go!
#          Here we go!
#          Here we go!
#          Here we go!
#          Here we go!
#          There we went.

# Using `with` and `open`, the file will be closed when the `with` block finishes.
with open(filename, 'w') as outputfile:
    print('Python!', file=outputfile)

with open(filename, 'a') as inputfile:
    inputfile.write('Python!\n')

with open('file.txt', 'r') as inputfile:
    data = inputfile.read()

with open(filename, 'r') as inputfile:
    for line in inputfile:
        # Lines have a '\n' at the end, like inputfile.readlines().
        print(line, end='')