You always run RobotCode the same way — robotcode … run, a debug session, the repl — and configure everything in robot.toml. The wrapper option doesn't change that: it tells RobotCode to run its actual command through a command of your choosing. The wrapper command goes first and the real robotcode command line is appended to it. That lets the wrapper prepare the test environment a run needs — start the services, servers, mocks or session the tests depend on, run the tests inside it, and tear it all down again — none of which is part of the tests themselves.

::: tip Only need environment variables? Set them in robot.toml under [env] — they apply to every run, no wrapper required. Reach for a wrapper when something has to run around the tests, not just be exported. :::

Who this is for:

• Bring up the services a run depends on — a database, a message broker, the application under test, a whole docker compose stack — and tear them down again when the run finishes.
• Start mocks or stub servers the tests talk to — a fake API, a WireMock instance, a local web server, …
• Run UI tests inside a graphical session — a virtual X server (xvfb-run) in CI, or a specific window manager / compositor.

# A ready-made tool, for a single run (the value is split like a shell command)
robotcode --wrapper "xvfb-run -a" run tests/

# Your own environment script, configured once in a profile
robotcode -p integration run tests/

# Ignore a configured wrapper for one run
robotcode -p integration --no-wrapper run tests/

The same wrapper applies whether you run from the command line or from an editor — the editor integrations run robotcode for you. It takes effect only for commands that execute Robot Framework — run, robot, debug, repl, run-debug and repl-server. Commands that don't run tests (the language server, discover, libdoc, …) are never wrapped.

# A ready-made tool — here a virtual X server for headless UI tests
[profiles.headless]
wrapper = ["xvfb-run", "-a"]

# Your own script — bring the test environment up, then tear it down again
[profiles.integration]
wrapper = ["./with-test-services.sh"]

robotcode -p integration run tests/

The profile's env is applied before the wrapper runs, so the wrapper can rely on it. Use extend-wrapper to append to an inherited wrapper. See the robot.toml reference.

--wrapper sets (or overrides) the wrapper for a single run; --no-wrapper disables a configured one:

robotcode --wrapper "xvfb-run -a" run tests/       # split like a shell command
robotcode -p integration --no-wrapper run tests/   # ignore the profile's wrapper

It can also be set via the ROBOTCODE_WRAPPER environment variable.

As noted above, a wrapper in your selected profile already applies in the editor. If you want to override it for your editor alone — without touching robot.toml — set robotcode.debug.launchWrapper:

"robotcode.debug.launchWrapper": ["./with-test-services.sh"]

This wraps tests you run or debug from the Test Explorer and takes precedence over the profile's wrapper. It is an IDE-only override — it has no effect on the command line.

The wrapper contract is the same everywhere, but RobotCode hands the run to the wrapper differently depending on the operating system, and the resulting process tree differs:

• Linux / macOS — RobotCode replaces itself with the wrapper command (a POSIX exec). No extra process is left behind: the wrapper inherits RobotCode's process ID, stdio and signals directly. A shell wrapper can end with exec "$@" to replace itself with the run in turn, so signals and the exit code flow through on their own.
• Windows — Windows has no way to replace a running process the way POSIX exec does. So RobotCode starts the wrapper as a child process, waits for it, and forwards its exit code. One extra RobotCode process stays in the tree just to wait. There is no exec here — a PowerShell wrapper simply runs the command as a child (& $Command[0] …) and waits, exactly as the example below does.

Either way the rules you write the script against don't change: run the command in the foreground, pass stdio through, and propagate the exit code.

A wrapper is just a command. RobotCode runs it with the arguments you configured first, and then appends the actual robotcode command line that has to run:

<your-wrapper>  [wrapper args you configured]   <robotcode command line, appended by RobotCode>

So inside the script, that appended command line is simply "$@" — the script sets up whatever the run needs, then executes "$@". The environment is already prepared for you: the selected profile's [env] is set, and the working directory is the one you started robotcode from.

::: warning The wrapper contract

1. Run "$@" in the foreground and propagate its exit code — pass/fail, CI and the debugger depend on it.
2. Pass stdin / stdout / stderr through. Send your own diagnostics to stderr (>&2), never stdout — otherwise you corrupt the JSON-RPC protocol of repl-server --stdio and the debug launcher.
3. Do not detach or daemonize — it would break the debugpy --tcp attach and the interactive REPL.
4. Tear down whatever you start (use a trap, so it happens even on failure or Ctrl-C). :::

The usual job is to start something, run the tests, then stop it again — a server, a mock, a database, a session. A trap guarantees teardown, "$@" runs in the foreground, and its exit code is forwarded:

#!/usr/bin/env bash
set -euo pipefail

log() { printf '%s\n' "$*" >&2; }   # diagnostics ALWAYS to stderr

service_pid=""
cleanup() {
    # stop whatever you started — kill a PID, `docker compose down`, …
    [ -n "$service_pid" ] && kill "$service_pid" 2>/dev/null || true
    wait 2>/dev/null || true
}
trap cleanup EXIT INT TERM           # runs on success, error and Ctrl-C

# --- bring the test environment up --------------------------------------
log "starting the test environment"
my-service &                         # a web server, a mock, docker compose, Xvfb, …
service_pid=$!
export SERVICE_URL="http://localhost:8080"   # hand the address to the tests

# wait until it is actually ready (poll, don't just sleep blindly)
for _ in $(seq 1 50); do
    is-ready && break
    kill -0 "$service_pid" 2>/dev/null || { log "service failed to start"; exit 1; }
    sleep 0.1
done

# --- run the appended robotcode command, forward its exit code ----------
set +e
"$@"
status=$?
set -e
exit "$status"                       # the trap tears the environment down

The same in PowerShell — configure it as wrapper = ["pwsh", "-File", "./with-test-services.ps1"]. The appended command arrives through a ValueFromRemainingArguments parameter, and try/finally replaces the trap:

param([Parameter(ValueFromRemainingArguments = $true)] [string[]] $Command)

$service = $null
try {
    [Console]::Error.WriteLine('starting the test environment')   # diagnostics to stderr
    $service = Start-Process my-service -PassThru                 # web server, mock, docker compose, …
    $env:SERVICE_URL = 'http://localhost:8080'                    # hand the address to the tests

    # wait until it is ready (poll, don't just sleep)
    for ($i = 0; $i -lt 50 -and -not (Test-Ready); $i++) {
        if ($service.HasExited) { throw 'service failed to start' }
        Start-Sleep -Milliseconds 100
    }

    & $Command[0] @($Command | Select-Object -Skip 1)             # run the appended robotcode command
    $code = $LASTEXITCODE
}
finally {
    if ($service -and -not $service.HasExited) { $service | Stop-Process -Force }
}
exit $code                                                        # forward the robotcode exit code

::: tip Simpler cases

• Nothing to tear down? If the wrapper only has to enter an environment that cleans up after itself (delegating to a tool like xvfb-run or dbus-run-session), skip the trap and just exec "$@" — the process is replaced, so stdio, signals and the exit code pass through on their own.
• Only environment variables? You don't need a wrapper at all — set them in robot.toml under [env]. :::

::: tip Passing options to the wrapper If the wrapper takes its own arguments, end the wrapper with -- so the script can tell them apart from the command — RobotCode appends the robotcode command line right after it:

wrapper = ["./with-test-services.sh", "--fast", "--"]

In the script, consume your own options up to the --, shift past it, and whatever is left in "$@" is the robotcode command to run. (Or keep the script option-free and pass settings through the profile's [env].)

A relative wrapper path is resolved against the directory you run robotcode from; use an absolute path otherwise. :::