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updating ordering for data topics
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‎feeds/all.atom.xml‎

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
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<feed xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"><title>Matt Makai</title><link href="http://www.fullstackpython.com/" rel="alternate"></link><link href="http://www.fullstackpython.com/feeds/all.atom.xml" rel="self"></link><id>http://www.fullstackpython.com/</id><updated>2014-08-12T12:50:49Z</updated></feed>
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<feed xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"><title>Matt Makai</title><link href="http://www.fullstackpython.com/" rel="alternate"></link><link href="http://www.fullstackpython.com/feeds/all.atom.xml" rel="self"></link><id>http://www.fullstackpython.com/</id><updated>2014-08-13T09:27:55Z</updated></feed>

‎source/content/pages/04-data/0401-databases.markdown‎

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title: Databases
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category: page
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slug: databases
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sort-order: 041
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sort-order: 0401
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choice1url: /no-sql-datastore.html
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choice1icon: fa-inbox
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choice1text: What about non-relational data stores hipsters tell me to use?

‎source/content/pages/04-data/0402-no-sql-datastores.markdown‎

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title: NoSQL Data Stores
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category: page
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slug: no-sql-datastore
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sort-order: 0402
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choice1url: /databases.html
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choice1icon: fa-hdd-o
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choice1text: Tell me more about standard relational databases.
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choice2url: /cascading-style-sheets.html
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choice2icon: fa-css3 fa-inverse
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choice2text: My app is running but looks awful. How do I style the interface?
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choice3url: /javascript.html
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choice3icon: fa-html5 fa-inverse
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choice3text: How do I create a better browser experience with JavaScript?
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choice4url:
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choice4icon:
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choice4text:
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# NoSQL Data Stores
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Relational databases store the vast majority of web application
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persistent data. However, there are several alternative classifications of
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storage representations.
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1. Key-value pair
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2. Document-oriented
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3. Column-family table
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4. Graph
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These persistent data storage representations are commonly used to augment,
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rather than completely replace, relational databases.
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## Key-value Pair
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Key-value pair data stores are based
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on [hash map](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hash_table) data structures.
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### Key-value pair data stores
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* [Redis](http://redis.io/) is an open source in-memory key-value pair data
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store. Redis is often called "the Swiss Army Knife of web application
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development." It can be used for caching, queuing, and storing session data
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for faster access than a traditional relational database, among many other
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use cases.
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### Key-value pair resources
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* "[How To Install and Use Redis](https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-install-and-use-redis)"
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is a guide for getting up with the extremely useful in-memory data store.
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## Document-oriented
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A document-oriented database provides a semi-structured representation for
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nested data.
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### Document-oriented data stores
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* [MongoDB](http://www.mongodb.org/) is an open source document-oriented
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data store with a Binary Object Notation (BSON) storage format that is
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JSON-style and familiar to web developers.
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* [Riak](http://basho.com/riak/) is an open source distributed data store
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focused on availability, fault tolerance and large scale deployments.
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* [Apache CouchDB](http://couchdb.apache.org/) is also an open source project
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where the focus is on embracing RESTful-style HTTP access for working with
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stored JSON data.
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### Document-oriented data store resources
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* [MongoDB for startups](http://www.optinidus.com/blogs/guide-to-mongodb-for-startups/)
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is a guide about using non-relational databases in green field environments.
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## Column-family table
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A the column-family table class of NoSQL data stores builds on the key-value
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pair type. Each key-value pair is considered a row in the store while the
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column family is similar to a table in the relational database model.
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### Column-family table data stores
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* Apache [HBase](https://hbase.apache.org/)
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* Apache [Cassandra](http://cassandra.apache.org/)
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## Graph
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A graph database represents and stores data in three aspects: nodes, edges,
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and properties.
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A *node* is an entity, such as a person or business.
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An *edge* is the relationship between two entities. For example, an
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edge could represent that a node for a person entity is an employee of a
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business entity.
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A *property* represents information about nodes. For example, an entity
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representing a person could have a property of "female" or "male".
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### Graph data stores
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* [Neo4j](http://www.neo4j.org/) is one of the most widely used graph
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databases and runs on the Java Virtual Machine stack.
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* [Cayley](https://github.com/google/cayley) is an open source graph data
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store written by Google primarily written in Go.
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### Graph data store resources
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* [Introduction to Graph Databases](http://www.slideshare.net/maxdemarzi/introduction-to-graph-databases-12735789)
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covers trends in NoSQL data stores and compares graph databases to other
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data store types.
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## NoSQL third-party services
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* [MongoHQ](http://www.mongohq.com/home) provides MongoDB as a service. It's
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easy to set up with either a standard LAMP stack or on Heroku.
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## NoSQL data store resources
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* [CAP Theorem overview](http://natishalom.typepad.com/nati_shaloms_blog/2010/10/nocap.html)
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* [NoSQL Weekly](http://www.nosqlweekly.com/) is a free curated email
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newsletter that aggregates articles, tutorials, and videos about
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non-relational data stores.
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* [NoSQL comparison](http://kkovacs.eu/cassandra-vs-mongodb-vs-couchdb-vs-redis)
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is a large list of popular, BigTable-based, special purpose, and other
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datastores with attributes and the best use cases for each one.
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## NoSQL data stores learning checklist
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<i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i>
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Understand why NoSQL data stores are better for some use cases than relational
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databases. In general these benefits are only seen at large scale so they may
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not be applicable to your web application.
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<i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i>
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Integrate Redis into your project for a speed boost over slower persistent
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storage. Storing session data in memory is generally much faster than saving
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that data in a traditional relational database that uses persistent storage.
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Note that when memory is flushed the data goes away so anything that needs to
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be persistent must still be backed up to disk on a regular basis.
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<i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i>
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Evaluate other use cases such as storing transient logs in document-oriented
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data stores such as MongoDB.
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### What's next?

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