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// ==========================================================================
// This software is subject to the provisions of the Zope Public License,
// Version 2.0 (ZPL). A copy of the ZPL should accompany this distribution.
// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND ANY AND ALL EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
// WARRANTIES ARE DISCLAIMED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
// WARRANTIES OF TITLE, MERCHANTABILITY, AGAINST INFRINGEMENT, AND FITNESS
// FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
// ==========================================================================
using System;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Collections;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
namespace Python.Runtime {
/// <summary>
/// Base class for Python types that reflect managed exceptions based on
/// System.Exception
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>
/// The Python wrapper for managed exceptions LIES about its inheritance
/// tree. Although the real System.Exception is a subclass of
/// System.Object the Python type for System.Exception does NOT claim that
/// it subclasses System.Object. Instead TypeManager.CreateType() uses
/// Python's exception.Exception class as base class for System.Exception.
/// </remarks>
internal class ExceptionClassObject : ClassObject {
internal ExceptionClassObject(Type tp) : base(tp) {
}
#if (PYTHON25 || PYTHON26 || PYTHON27)
internal static Exception ToException(IntPtr ob) {
CLRObject co = GetManagedObject(ob) as CLRObject;
if (co == null) {
return null;
}
Exception e = co.inst as Exception;
if (e == null) {
return null;
}
return e;
}
//====================================================================
// Exception __str__ implementation
//====================================================================
public new static IntPtr tp_str(IntPtr ob) {
Exception e = ToException(ob);
if (e == null) {
return Exceptions.RaiseTypeError("invalid object");
}
string message = String.Empty;
if (e.Message != String.Empty) {
message = e.Message;
}
if ((e.StackTrace != null) && (e.StackTrace != String.Empty)) {
message = message + "\n" + e.StackTrace;
}
return Runtime.PyUnicode_FromString(message);
}
//====================================================================
// Exception __repr__ implementation.
//====================================================================
public static IntPtr tp_repr(IntPtr ob) {
Exception e = ToException(ob);
if (e == null) {
return Exceptions.RaiseTypeError("invalid object");
}
string name = e.GetType().Name;
string message;
if (e.Message != String.Empty) {
message = String.Format("{0}('{1}',)", name, e.Message);
} else {
message = String.Format("{0}()", name);
}
return Runtime.PyUnicode_FromString(message);
}
//====================================================================
// Exceptions __getattribute__ implementation.
// handles Python's args and message attributes
//====================================================================
public static IntPtr tp_getattro(IntPtr ob, IntPtr key)
{
if (!Runtime.PyString_Check(key)) {
Exceptions.SetError(Exceptions.TypeError, "string expected");
return IntPtr.Zero;
}
string name = Runtime.GetManagedString(key);
if (name == "args") {
Exception e = ToException(ob);
IntPtr args;
if (e.Message != String.Empty) {
args = Runtime.PyTuple_New(1);
IntPtr msg = Runtime.PyUnicode_FromString(e.Message);
Runtime.PyTuple_SetItem(args, 0, msg);
} else {
args = Runtime.PyTuple_New(0);
}
return args;
}
if (name == "message") {
return ExceptionClassObject.tp_str(ob);
}
return Runtime.PyObject_GenericGetAttr(ob, key);
}
#endif // (PYTHON25 || PYTHON26 || PYTHON27)
}
/// <summary>
/// Encapsulates the Python exception APIs.
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>
/// Readability of the Exceptions class improvements as we look toward version 2.7 ...
/// </remarks>
public class Exceptions {
internal static IntPtr warnings_module;
internal static IntPtr exceptions_module;
private Exceptions() {}
//===================================================================
// Initialization performed on startup of the Python runtime.
//===================================================================
internal static void Initialize() {
exceptions_module = Runtime.PyImport_ImportModule("exceptions");
Exceptions.ErrorCheck(exceptions_module);
warnings_module = Runtime.PyImport_ImportModule("warnings");
Exceptions.ErrorCheck(warnings_module);
Type type = typeof(Exceptions);
foreach (FieldInfo fi in type.GetFields(BindingFlags.Public |
BindingFlags.Static)) {
IntPtr op = Runtime.PyObject_GetAttrString(exceptions_module, fi.Name);
if (op != IntPtr.Zero) {
fi.SetValue(type, op);
}
else {
fi.SetValue(type, IntPtr.Zero);
DebugUtil.Print("Unknown exception: " + fi.Name);
}
}
Runtime.PyErr_Clear();
if (Runtime.wrap_exceptions) {
SetupExceptionHack();
}
}
//===================================================================
// Cleanup resources upon shutdown of the Python runtime.
//===================================================================
internal static void Shutdown() {
Type type = typeof(Exceptions);
foreach (FieldInfo fi in type.GetFields(BindingFlags.Public |
BindingFlags.Static)) {
IntPtr op = (IntPtr)fi.GetValue(type);
if (op != IntPtr.Zero) {
Runtime.Decref(op);
}
}
Runtime.Decref(exceptions_module);
Runtime.Decref(warnings_module);
}
/// <summary>
/// Shortcut for (pointer == NULL) -> throw PythonException
/// </summary>
/// <param name="pointer">Pointer to a Python object</param>
internal unsafe static void ErrorCheck(IntPtr pointer) {
if (pointer == IntPtr.Zero) {
throw new PythonException();
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Shortcut for (pointer == NULL or ErrorOccurred()) -> throw PythonException
/// </summary>
/// Shortcut for (pointer == NULL) -> throw PythonException
internal unsafe static void ErrorOccurredCheck(IntPtr pointer) {
if ((pointer == IntPtr.Zero) || Exceptions.ErrorOccurred()) {
throw new PythonException();
}
}
// Versions of CPython up to 2.4 do not allow exceptions to be
// new-style classes. To get around that restriction and provide
// a consistent user experience for programmers, we wrap managed
// exceptions in an old-style class that (through some dont-try-
// this-at-home hackery) delegates to the managed exception and
// obeys the conventions of both Python and managed exceptions.
/// <remarks>
/// Conditionally initialized variables!
/// </remarks>
static IntPtr ns_exc; // new-style class for System.Exception
static IntPtr os_exc; // old-style class for System.Exception
static Hashtable cache;
/// <remarks>
/// the lines
/// // XXX - hack to raise a compatible old-style exception ;(
/// if (Runtime.wrap_exceptions) {
/// CallOneOfTheseMethods();
///
/// </remarks>
internal static void SetupExceptionHack() {
ns_exc = ClassManager.GetClass(typeof(Exception)).pyHandle;
cache = new Hashtable();
string code =
"import exceptions\n" +
"class Exception(exceptions.Exception):\n" +
" _class = None\n" +
" _inner = None\n" +
" \n" +
" #@property\n" +
" def message(self):\n" +
" return self.Message\n" +
" message = property(message)\n" +
" \n" +
" def __init__(self, *args, **kw):\n" +
" inst = self.__class__._class(*args, **kw)\n" +
" self.__dict__['_inner'] = inst\n" +
" exceptions.Exception.__init__(self, *args, **kw)\n" +
"\n" +
" def __getattr__(self, name, _marker=[]):\n" +
" inner = self.__dict__['_inner']\n" +
" v = getattr(inner, name, _marker)\n" +
" if v is not _marker:\n" +
" return v\n" +
" v = self.__dict__.get(name, _marker)\n" +
" if v is not _marker:\n" +
" return v\n" +
" raise AttributeError(name)\n" +
"\n" +
" def __setattr__(self, name, value):\n" +
" inner = self.__dict__['_inner']\n" +
" setattr(inner, name, value)\n" +
"\n" +
" def __str__(self):\n" +
" inner = self.__dict__.get('_inner')\n" +
" msg = getattr(inner, 'Message', '')\n" +
" st = getattr(inner, 'StackTrace', '')\n" +
" st = st and '\\n' + st or ''\n" +
" return msg + st\n" +
" \n" +
" def __repr__(self):\n" +
" inner = self.__dict__.get('_inner')\n" +
" msg = getattr(inner, 'Message', '')\n" +
" name = self.__class__.__name__\n" +
" return '%s(\\'%s\\',)' % (name, msg) \n" +
"\n";
IntPtr dict = Runtime.PyDict_New();
IntPtr builtins = Runtime.PyEval_GetBuiltins();
Runtime.PyDict_SetItemString(dict, "__builtins__", builtins);
IntPtr namestr = Runtime.PyString_FromString("System");
Runtime.PyDict_SetItemString(dict, "__name__", namestr);
Runtime.Decref(namestr);
Runtime.PyDict_SetItemString(dict, "__file__", Runtime.PyNone);
Runtime.PyDict_SetItemString(dict, "__doc__", Runtime.PyNone);
IntPtr flag = Runtime.Py_file_input;
IntPtr result = Runtime.PyRun_String(code, flag, dict, dict);
Exceptions.ErrorCheck(result);
Runtime.Decref(result);
os_exc = Runtime.PyDict_GetItemString(dict, "Exception");
Runtime.PyObject_SetAttrString(os_exc, "_class", ns_exc);
Runtime.PyErr_Clear();
}
internal static IntPtr GenerateExceptionClass(IntPtr real) {
if (real == ns_exc) {
return os_exc;
}
IntPtr nbases = Runtime.PyObject_GetAttrString(real, "__bases__");
if (Runtime.PyTuple_Size(nbases) != 1) {
throw new SystemException("Invalid __bases__");
}
IntPtr nsbase = Runtime.PyTuple_GetItem(nbases, 0);
Runtime.Decref(nbases);
IntPtr osbase = GetExceptionClassWrapper(nsbase);
IntPtr baselist = Runtime.PyTuple_New(1);
Runtime.Incref(osbase);
Runtime.PyTuple_SetItem(baselist, 0, osbase);
IntPtr name = Runtime.PyObject_GetAttrString(real, "__name__");
IntPtr dict = Runtime.PyDict_New();
IntPtr mod = Runtime.PyObject_GetAttrString(real, "__module__");
Runtime.PyDict_SetItemString(dict, "__module__", mod);
Runtime.Decref(mod);
IntPtr subc = Runtime.PyClass_New(baselist, dict, name);
Runtime.Decref(baselist);
Runtime.Decref(dict);
Runtime.Decref(name);
Runtime.PyObject_SetAttrString(subc, "_class", real);
return subc;
}
internal static IntPtr GetExceptionClassWrapper(IntPtr real) {
// Given the pointer to a new-style class representing a managed
// exception, return an appropriate old-style class wrapper that
// maintains all of the expectations and delegates to the wrapped
// class.
object ob = cache[real];
if (ob == null) {
IntPtr op = GenerateExceptionClass(real);
cache[real] = op;
return op;
}
return (IntPtr)ob;
}
internal static IntPtr GetExceptionInstanceWrapper(IntPtr real) {
// Given the pointer to a new-style class instance representing a
// managed exception, return an appropriate old-style class
// wrapper instance that delegates to the wrapped instance.
IntPtr tp = Runtime.PyObject_TYPE(real);
if (Runtime.PyObject_TYPE(tp) == Runtime.PyInstanceType) {
return real;
}
// Get / generate a class wrapper, instantiate it and set its
// _inner attribute to the real new-style exception instance.
IntPtr ct = GetExceptionClassWrapper(tp);
Exceptions.ErrorCheck(ct);
IntPtr op = Runtime.PyInstance_NewRaw(ct, IntPtr.Zero);
Exceptions.ErrorCheck(op);
IntPtr d = Runtime.PyObject_GetAttrString(op, "__dict__");
Exceptions.ErrorCheck(d);
Runtime.PyDict_SetItemString(d, "_inner", real);
Runtime.Decref(d);
return op;
}
internal static IntPtr UnwrapExceptionClass(IntPtr op) {
// In some cases its necessary to recognize an exception *class*,
// and obtain the inner (wrapped) exception class. This method
// returns the inner class if found, or a null pointer.
IntPtr d = Runtime.PyObject_GetAttrString(op, "__dict__");
if (d == IntPtr.Zero) {
Exceptions.Clear();
return IntPtr.Zero;
}
IntPtr c = Runtime.PyDict_GetItemString(d, "_class");
Runtime.Decref(d);
if (c == IntPtr.Zero) {
Exceptions.Clear();
}
return c;
}
/// <summary>
/// GetException Method
/// </summary>
///
/// <remarks>
/// Retrieve Python exception information as a PythonException
/// instance. The properties of the PythonException may be used
/// to access the exception type, value and traceback info.
/// </remarks>
public static PythonException GetException() {
// TODO: implement this.
return null;
}
/// <summary>
/// ExceptionMatches Method
/// </summary>
///
/// <remarks>
/// Returns true if the current Python exception matches the given
/// Python object. This is a wrapper for PyErr_ExceptionMatches.
/// </remarks>
public static bool ExceptionMatches(IntPtr ob) {
return Runtime.PyErr_ExceptionMatches(ob) != 0;
}
/// <summary>
/// ExceptionMatches Method
/// </summary>
///
/// <remarks>
/// Returns true if the given Python exception matches the given
/// Python object. This is a wrapper for PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches.
/// </remarks>
public static bool ExceptionMatches(IntPtr exc, IntPtr ob) {
int i = Runtime.PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches(exc, ob);
return (i != 0);
}
/// <summary>
/// SetError Method
/// </summary>
///
/// <remarks>
/// Sets the current Python exception given a native string.
/// This is a wrapper for the Python PyErr_SetString call.
/// </remarks>
public static void SetError(IntPtr ob, string value) {
Runtime.PyErr_SetString(ob, value);
}
/// <summary>
/// SetError Method
/// </summary>
///
/// <remarks>
/// Sets the current Python exception given a Python object.
/// This is a wrapper for the Python PyErr_SetObject call.
/// </remarks>
public static void SetError(IntPtr ob, IntPtr value) {
Runtime.PyErr_SetObject(ob, value);
}
/// <summary>
/// SetError Method
/// </summary>
///
/// <remarks>
/// Sets the current Python exception given a CLR exception
/// object. The CLR exception instance is wrapped as a Python
/// object, allowing it to be handled naturally from Python.
/// </remarks>
public static void SetError(Exception e) {
// Because delegates allow arbitrary nestings of Python calling
// managed calling Python calling... etc. it is possible that we
// might get a managed exception raised that is a wrapper for a
// Python exception. In that case we'd rather have the real thing.
PythonException pe = e as PythonException;
if (pe != null) {
Runtime.PyErr_SetObject(pe.PyType, pe.PyValue);
return;
}
IntPtr op = CLRObject.GetInstHandle(e);
// XXX - hack to raise a compatible old-style exception ;(
if (Runtime.wrap_exceptions) {
op = GetExceptionInstanceWrapper(op);
}
IntPtr etype = Runtime.PyObject_GetAttrString(op, "__class__");
Runtime.PyErr_SetObject(etype, op);
Runtime.Decref(etype);
Runtime.Decref(op);
}
/// <summary>
/// ErrorOccurred Method
/// </summary>
///
/// <remarks>
/// Returns true if an exception occurred in the Python runtime.
/// This is a wrapper for the Python PyErr_Occurred call.
/// </remarks>
public static bool ErrorOccurred() {
return Runtime.PyErr_Occurred() != 0;
}
/// <summary>
/// Clear Method
/// </summary>
///
/// <remarks>
/// Clear any exception that has been set in the Python runtime.
/// </remarks>
public static void Clear() {
Runtime.PyErr_Clear();
}
//====================================================================
// helper methods for raising warnings
//====================================================================
/// <summary>
/// Alias for Python's warnings.warn() function.
/// </summary>
public static void warn(string message, IntPtr exception, int stacklevel)
{
if ((exception == IntPtr.Zero) ||
(Runtime.PyObject_IsSubclass(exception, Exceptions.Warning) != 1)) {
Exceptions.RaiseTypeError("Invalid exception");
}
Runtime.Incref(warnings_module);
IntPtr warn = Runtime.PyObject_GetAttrString(warnings_module, "warn");
Runtime.Decref(warnings_module);
Exceptions.ErrorCheck(warn);
IntPtr args = Runtime.PyTuple_New(3);
IntPtr msg = Runtime.PyString_FromString(message);
Runtime.Incref(exception); // PyTuple_SetItem steals a reference
IntPtr level = Runtime.PyInt_FromInt32(stacklevel);
Runtime.PyTuple_SetItem(args, 0, msg);
Runtime.PyTuple_SetItem(args, 1, exception);
Runtime.PyTuple_SetItem(args, 2, level);
IntPtr result = Runtime.PyObject_CallObject(warn, args);
Exceptions.ErrorCheck(result);
Runtime.Decref(warn);
Runtime.Decref(result);
Runtime.Decref(args);
}
public static void warn(string message, IntPtr exception)
{
warn(message, exception, 1);
}
public static void deprecation(string message, int stacklevel)
{
warn(message, Exceptions.DeprecationWarning, stacklevel);
}
public static void deprecation(string message)
{
deprecation(message, 1);
}
//====================================================================
// Internal helper methods for common error handling scenarios.
//====================================================================
internal static IntPtr RaiseTypeError(string message) {
Exceptions.SetError(Exceptions.TypeError, message);
return IntPtr.Zero;
}
// 2010-11-16: Arranged in python (2.6 & 2.7) source header file order
/* Predefined exceptions are
puplic static variables on the Exceptions class filled in from
the python class using reflection in Initialize() looked up by
name, not posistion. */
#if (PYTHON25 || PYTHON26 || PYTHON27)
public static IntPtr BaseException;
#endif
public static IntPtr Exception;
public static IntPtr StopIteration;
#if (PYTHON25 || PYTHON26 || PYTHON27)
public static IntPtr GeneratorExit;
#endif
public static IntPtr StandardError;
public static IntPtr ArithmeticError;
public static IntPtr LookupError;
public static IntPtr AssertionError;
public static IntPtr AttributeError;
public static IntPtr EOFError;
public static IntPtr FloatingPointError;
public static IntPtr EnvironmentError;
public static IntPtr IOError;
public static IntPtr OSError;
public static IntPtr ImportError;
public static IntPtr IndexError;
public static IntPtr KeyError;
public static IntPtr KeyboardInterrupt;
public static IntPtr MemoryError;
public static IntPtr NameError;
public static IntPtr OverflowError;
public static IntPtr RuntimeError;
public static IntPtr NotImplementedError;
public static IntPtr SyntaxError;
public static IntPtr IndentationError;
public static IntPtr TabError;
public static IntPtr ReferenceError;
public static IntPtr SystemError;
public static IntPtr SystemExit;
public static IntPtr TypeError;
public static IntPtr UnboundLocalError;
public static IntPtr UnicodeError;
public static IntPtr UnicodeEncodeError;
public static IntPtr UnicodeDecodeError;
public static IntPtr UnicodeTranslateError;
public static IntPtr ValueError;
public static IntPtr ZeroDivisionError;
//#ifdef MS_WINDOWS
//public static IntPtr WindowsError;
//#endif
//#ifdef __VMS
//public static IntPtr VMSError;
//#endif
//PyAPI_DATA(PyObject *) PyExc_BufferError;
//PyAPI_DATA(PyObject *) PyExc_MemoryErrorInst;
//PyAPI_DATA(PyObject *) PyExc_RecursionErrorInst;
/* Predefined warning categories */
public static IntPtr Warning;
public static IntPtr UserWarning;
public static IntPtr DeprecationWarning;
public static IntPtr PendingDeprecationWarning;
public static IntPtr SyntaxWarning;
public static IntPtr RuntimeWarning;
public static IntPtr FutureWarning;
#if (PYTHON25 || PYTHON26 || PYTHON27)
public static IntPtr ImportWarning;
public static IntPtr UnicodeWarning;
//PyAPI_DATA(PyObject *) PyExc_BytesWarning;
#endif
}
}