Repository navigation
Expand file tree
/
Copy pathstdlib2.po
More file actions
848 lines (783 loc) · 33.8 KB
/
Copy pathstdlib2.po
File metadata and controls
848 lines (783 loc) · 33.8 KB
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
# Copyright (C) 2001 Python Software Foundation
# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package.
#
# Translators:
# woodrow-shen <woodrow.shen@gmail.com>, 2016
# machineCYC, 2018
# Steven Hsu <hsuhaochun@gmail.com>, 2021
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.14\n"
"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2026-10-15 11:47+0000\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-19 14:24+0800\n"
"Last-Translator: Adrian Liaw <adrianliaw2000@gmail.com>\n"
"Language-Team: Chinese - TAIWAN (https://github.com/python/python-docs-zh-"
"tw)\n"
"Language: zh_TW\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n"
"X-Generator: Poedit 2.4.3\n"
#: ../../tutorial/stdlib2.rst:5
msgid "Brief tour of the standard library --- part II"
msgstr "Python 標準函式庫概覽——第二部份"
#: ../../tutorial/stdlib2.rst:7
msgid ""
"This second tour covers more advanced modules that support professional "
"programming needs. These modules rarely occur in small scripts."
msgstr ""
"第二部分涵蓋更多支援專業程式設計所需要的進階模組。這些模組很少出現在小腳本"
"中。"
#: ../../tutorial/stdlib2.rst:14
msgid "Output formatting"
msgstr "輸出格式化 (Output formatting)"
#: ../../tutorial/stdlib2.rst:16
msgid ""
"The :mod:`reprlib` module provides a version of :func:`repr` customized for "
"abbreviated displays of large or deeply nested containers::"
msgstr ""
":mod:`reprlib` 模組提供了一個 :func:`repr` 的版本，專門用來以簡短的形式顯示大"
"型或深層的巢狀容器： ::"
#: ../../tutorial/stdlib2.rst:19
msgid ""
">>> import reprlib\n"
">>> reprlib.repr(set('supercalifragilisticexpialidocious'))\n"
"\"{'a', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', ...}\""
msgstr ""
">>> import reprlib\n"
">>> reprlib.repr(set('supercalifragilisticexpialidocious'))\n"
"\"{'a', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', ...}\""
#: ../../tutorial/stdlib2.rst:23
msgid ""
"The :mod:`pprint` module offers more sophisticated control over printing "
"both built-in and user defined objects in a way that is readable by the "
"interpreter. When the result is longer than one line, the \"pretty printer\" "
"adds line breaks and indentation to more clearly reveal data structure::"
msgstr ""
":mod:`pprint` 模組能對內建和使用者自定的物件提供更複雜的列印控制，並且是以直"
"譯器可讀的方式。當結果超過一行時，「漂亮的印表機」會加入換行和縮排，以更清楚"
"地顯示資料結構： ::"
#: ../../tutorial/stdlib2.rst:28
msgid ""
">>> import pprint\n"
">>> t = [[[['black', 'cyan'], 'white', ['green', 'red']], [['magenta',\n"
"... 'yellow'], 'blue']]]\n"
"...\n"
">>> pprint.pprint(t, width=30)\n"
"[[[['black', 'cyan'],\n"
" 'white',\n"
" ['green', 'red']],\n"
" [['magenta', 'yellow'],\n"
" 'blue']]]"
msgstr ""
">>> import pprint\n"
">>> t = [[[['black', 'cyan'], 'white', ['green', 'red']], [['magenta',\n"
"... 'yellow'], 'blue']]]\n"
"...\n"
">>> pprint.pprint(t, width=30)\n"
"[[[['black', 'cyan'],\n"
" 'white',\n"
" ['green', 'red']],\n"
" [['magenta', 'yellow'],\n"
" 'blue']]]"
#: ../../tutorial/stdlib2.rst:39
msgid ""
"The :mod:`textwrap` module formats paragraphs of text to fit a given screen "
"width::"
msgstr ":mod:`textwrap` 模組能夠格式化文本的段落，以符合指定的螢幕寬度： ::"
#: ../../tutorial/stdlib2.rst:42
msgid ""
">>> import textwrap\n"
">>> doc = \"\"\"The wrap() method is just like fill() except that it "
"returns\n"
"... a list of strings instead of one big string with newlines to separate\n"
"... the wrapped lines.\"\"\"\n"
"...\n"
">>> print(textwrap.fill(doc, width=40))\n"
"The wrap() method is just like fill()\n"
"except that it returns a list of strings\n"
"instead of one big string with newlines\n"
"to separate the wrapped lines."
msgstr ""
">>> import textwrap\n"
">>> doc = \"\"\"The wrap() method is just like fill() except that it "
"returns\n"
"... a list of strings instead of one big string with newlines to separate\n"
"... the wrapped lines.\"\"\"\n"
"...\n"
">>> print(textwrap.fill(doc, width=40))\n"
"The wrap() method is just like fill()\n"
"except that it returns a list of strings\n"
"instead of one big string with newlines\n"
"to separate the wrapped lines."
#: ../../tutorial/stdlib2.rst:53
msgid ""
"The :mod:`locale` module accesses a database of culture specific data "
"formats. The grouping attribute of locale's format function provides a "
"direct way of formatting numbers with group separators::"
msgstr ""
":mod:`locale` 模組能存取一個含有特定文化相關資料格式的資料庫。locale 模組的 "
"format 函式有一個 grouping 屬性，可直接以群分隔符 (group separator) 將數字格"
"式化： ::"
#: ../../tutorial/stdlib2.rst:57
msgid ""
">>> import locale\n"
">>> locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, 'English_United States.1252')\n"
"'English_United States.1252'\n"
">>> conv = locale.localeconv() # get a mapping of conventions\n"
">>> x = 1234567.8\n"
">>> locale.format_string(\"%d\", x, grouping=True)\n"
"'1,234,567'\n"
">>> locale.format_string(\"%s%.*f\", (conv['currency_symbol'],\n"
"... conv['frac_digits'], x), grouping=True)\n"
"'$1,234,567.80'"
msgstr ""
">>> import locale\n"
">>> locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, 'English_United States.1252')\n"
"'English_United States.1252'\n"
">>> conv = locale.localeconv() # 取得慣例的對映\n"
">>> x = 1234567.8\n"
">>> locale.format_string(\"%d\", x, grouping=True)\n"
"'1,234,567'\n"
">>> locale.format_string(\"%s%.*f\", (conv['currency_symbol'],\n"
"... conv['frac_digits'], x), grouping=True)\n"
"'$1,234,567.80'"
#: ../../tutorial/stdlib2.rst:72
msgid "Templating"
msgstr "模板化 (Templating)"
#: ../../tutorial/stdlib2.rst:74
msgid ""
"The :mod:`string` module includes a versatile :class:`~string.Template` "
"class with a simplified syntax suitable for editing by end-users. This "
"allows users to customize their applications without having to alter the "
"application."
msgstr ""
":mod:`string` 模組包含一個多功能的 :class:`~string.Template` class，提供的簡"
"化語法適合使用者進行編輯時使用。它容許使用者客製化自己的應用程式，但不必對原"
"應用程式做出變更。"
#: ../../tutorial/stdlib2.rst:78
msgid ""
"The format uses placeholder names formed by ``$`` with valid Python "
"identifiers (alphanumeric characters and underscores). Surrounding the "
"placeholder with braces allows it to be followed by more alphanumeric "
"letters with no intervening spaces. Writing ``$$`` creates a single escaped "
"``$``::"
msgstr ""
"格式化方式是使用佔位符號名稱 (placeholder name)，它是由 ``$`` 加上合法的 "
"Python 識別符（字母、數字和下底線）構成。使用大括號包覆佔位符號以允許在後面接"
"上更多的字母和數字而無需插入空格。使用 ``$$`` 將會跳脫為單一字元 ``$``： ::"
#: ../../tutorial/stdlib2.rst:83
msgid ""
">>> from string import Template\n"
">>> t = Template('${village}folk send $$10 to $cause.')\n"
">>> t.substitute(village='Nottingham', cause='the ditch fund')\n"
"'Nottinghamfolk send $10 to the ditch fund.'"
msgstr ""
">>> from string import Template\n"
">>> t = Template('${village}folk send $$10 to $cause.')\n"
">>> t.substitute(village='Nottingham', cause='the ditch fund')\n"
"'Nottinghamfolk send $10 to the ditch fund.'"
#: ../../tutorial/stdlib2.rst:88
msgid ""
"The :meth:`~string.Template.substitute` method raises a :exc:`KeyError` when "
"a placeholder is not supplied in a dictionary or a keyword argument. For "
"mail-merge style applications, user supplied data may be incomplete and the :"
"meth:`~string.Template.safe_substitute` method may be more appropriate --- "
"it will leave placeholders unchanged if data is missing::"
msgstr ""
"如果在 dictionary 或關鍵字引數中未提供某個佔位符號的值，那麼 :meth:`~string."
"Template.substitute` method 將引發 :exc:`KeyError`。對於郵件合併 (mail-"
"merge) 類型的應用程式，使用者提供的資料有可能是不完整的，此時使用 :meth:"
"`~string.Template.safe_substitute` method 會更適當——如果資料有缺少，它會保持"
"佔位符號不變： ::"
#: ../../tutorial/stdlib2.rst:94
msgid ""
">>> t = Template('Return the $item to $owner.')\n"
">>> d = dict(item='unladen swallow')\n"
">>> t.substitute(d)\n"
"Traceback (most recent call last):\n"
" ...\n"
"KeyError: 'owner'\n"
">>> t.safe_substitute(d)\n"
"'Return the unladen swallow to $owner.'"
msgstr ""
">>> t = Template('Return the $item to $owner.')\n"
">>> d = dict(item='unladen swallow')\n"
">>> t.substitute(d)\n"
"Traceback (most recent call last):\n"
" ...\n"
"KeyError: 'owner'\n"
">>> t.safe_substitute(d)\n"
"'Return the unladen swallow to $owner.'"
#: ../../tutorial/stdlib2.rst:103
msgid ""
"Template subclasses can specify a custom delimiter. For example, a batch "
"renaming utility for a photo browser may elect to use percent signs for "
"placeholders such as the current date, image sequence number, or file "
"format::"
msgstr ""
"Template 的 subclass（子類別）可以指定自訂的分隔符號 (delimiter)。例如，一個"
"相片瀏覽器的批次重新命名功能，可以選擇用百分號作為現在日期、照片序號或檔案格"
"式的佔位符號： ::"
#: ../../tutorial/stdlib2.rst:107
msgid ""
">>> import time, os.path\n"
">>> photofiles = ['img_1074.jpg', 'img_1076.jpg', 'img_1077.jpg']\n"
">>> class BatchRename(Template):\n"
"... delimiter = '%'\n"
"...\n"
">>> fmt = input('Enter rename style (%d-date %n-seqnum %f-format): ')\n"
"Enter rename style (%d-date %n-seqnum %f-format): Ashley_%n%f\n"
"\n"
">>> t = BatchRename(fmt)\n"
">>> date = time.strftime('%d%b%y')\n"
">>> for i, filename in enumerate(photofiles):\n"
"... base, ext = os.path.splitext(filename)\n"
"... newname = t.substitute(d=date, n=i, f=ext)\n"
"... print('{0} --> {1}'.format(filename, newname))\n"
"\n"
"img_1074.jpg --> Ashley_0.jpg\n"
"img_1076.jpg --> Ashley_1.jpg\n"
"img_1077.jpg --> Ashley_2.jpg"
msgstr ""
">>> import time, os.path\n"
">>> photofiles = ['img_1074.jpg', 'img_1076.jpg', 'img_1077.jpg']\n"
">>> class BatchRename(Template):\n"
"... delimiter = '%'\n"
"...\n"
">>> fmt = input('Enter rename style (%d-date %n-seqnum %f-format): ')\n"
"Enter rename style (%d-date %n-seqnum %f-format): Ashley_%n%f\n"
"\n"
">>> t = BatchRename(fmt)\n"
">>> date = time.strftime('%d%b%y')\n"
">>> for i, filename in enumerate(photofiles):\n"
"... base, ext = os.path.splitext(filename)\n"
"... newname = t.substitute(d=date, n=i, f=ext)\n"
"... print('{0} --> {1}'.format(filename, newname))\n"
"\n"
"img_1074.jpg --> Ashley_0.jpg\n"
"img_1076.jpg --> Ashley_1.jpg\n"
"img_1077.jpg --> Ashley_2.jpg"
#: ../../tutorial/stdlib2.rst:126
msgid ""
"Another application for templating is separating program logic from the "
"details of multiple output formats. This makes it possible to substitute "
"custom templates for XML files, plain text reports, and HTML web reports."
msgstr ""
"模板化的另一個應用，是將程式邏輯與多樣的輸出格式細節分離開來。這樣就可以為 "
"XML 檔案、純文字報表和 HTML 網路報表替換自訂的模板。"
#: ../../tutorial/stdlib2.rst:134
msgid "Working with binary data record layouts"
msgstr "二進制資料記錄編排 (Binary data record layouts)"
#: ../../tutorial/stdlib2.rst:136
msgid ""
"The :mod:`struct` module provides :func:`~struct.pack` and :func:`~struct."
"unpack` functions for working with variable length binary record formats. "
"The following example shows how to loop through header information in a ZIP "
"file without using the :mod:`zipfile` module. Pack codes ``\"H\"`` and "
"``\"I\"`` represent two and four byte unsigned numbers respectively. The "
"``\"<\"`` indicates that they are standard size and in little-endian byte "
"order::"
msgstr ""
":mod:`struct` 模組提供了 :func:`~struct.pack` 和 :func:`~struct.unpack` 函"
"式，用於處理可變動長度的二進制記錄格式。以下範例說明，如何在不使用 :mod:"
"`zipfile` 模組的情況下，使用迴圈瀏覽一個 ZIP 檔案中的標頭資訊 (header "
"information)。壓縮程式碼 ``\"H\"`` 和 ``\"I\"`` 分別代表兩個和四個位元組的無"
"符號數 (unsigned number)。``\"<\"`` 表示它們是標準大小，並使用小端 (little-"
"endian) 位元組順序： ::"
#: ../../tutorial/stdlib2.rst:144
msgid ""
"import struct\n"
"\n"
"with open('myfile.zip', 'rb') as f:\n"
" data = f.read()\n"
"\n"
"start = 0\n"
"for i in range(3): # show the first 3 file headers\n"
" start += 14\n"
" fields = struct.unpack('<IIIHH', data[start:start+16])\n"
" crc32, comp_size, uncomp_size, filenamesize, extra_size = fields\n"
"\n"
" start += 16\n"
" filename = data[start:start+filenamesize]\n"
" start += filenamesize\n"
" extra = data[start:start+extra_size]\n"
" print(filename, hex(crc32), comp_size, uncomp_size)\n"
"\n"
" start += extra_size + comp_size # skip to the next header"
msgstr ""
"import struct\n"
"\n"
"with open('myfile.zip', 'rb') as f:\n"
" data = f.read()\n"
"\n"
"start = 0\n"
"for i in range(3): # 顯示前 3 個檔案標頭\n"
" start += 14\n"
" fields = struct.unpack('<IIIHH', data[start:start+16])\n"
" crc32, comp_size, uncomp_size, filenamesize, extra_size = fields\n"
"\n"
" start += 16\n"
" filename = data[start:start+filenamesize]\n"
" start += filenamesize\n"
" extra = data[start:start+extra_size]\n"
" print(filename, hex(crc32), comp_size, uncomp_size)\n"
"\n"
" start += extra_size + comp_size # 跳到下一個標頭"
#: ../../tutorial/stdlib2.rst:167
msgid "Multi-threading"
msgstr "多執行緒 (Multi-threading)"
#: ../../tutorial/stdlib2.rst:169
msgid ""
"Threading is a technique for decoupling tasks which are not sequentially "
"dependent. Threads can be used to improve the responsiveness of "
"applications that accept user input while other tasks run in the "
"background. A related use case is running I/O in parallel with computations "
"in another thread."
msgstr ""
"執行緒是一種用來對非順序相依 (sequentially dependent) 的多個任務進行解耦 "
"(decoupling) 的技術。當其他任務在背景執行時，多執行緒可以用來提升應用程式在接"
"收使用者輸入時的反應能力。一個相關的用例是，運行 I/O 的同時，在另一個執行緒中"
"進行計算。"
#: ../../tutorial/stdlib2.rst:174
msgid ""
"The following code shows how the high level :mod:`threading` module can run "
"tasks in background while the main program continues to run::"
msgstr ""
"以下程式碼顯示了高階的 :mod:`threading` 模組如何在背景運行任務，而主程式同時"
"繼續運行： ::"
#: ../../tutorial/stdlib2.rst:177
msgid ""
"import threading, zipfile\n"
"\n"
"class AsyncZip(threading.Thread):\n"
" def __init__(self, infile, outfile):\n"
" super().__init__()\n"
" self.infile = infile\n"
" self.outfile = outfile\n"
"\n"
" def run(self):\n"
" with zipfile.ZipFile(self.outfile, 'w', zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED) as f:\n"
" f.write(self.infile)\n"
" print('Finished background zip of:', self.infile)\n"
"\n"
"background = AsyncZip('mydata.txt', 'myarchive.zip')\n"
"background.start()\n"
"print('The main program continues to run in foreground.')\n"
"\n"
"background.join() # Wait for the background task to finish\n"
"print('Main program waited until background was done.')"
msgstr ""
"import threading, zipfile\n"
"\n"
"class AsyncZip(threading.Thread):\n"
" def __init__(self, infile, outfile):\n"
" super().__init__()\n"
" self.infile = infile\n"
" self.outfile = outfile\n"
"\n"
" def run(self):\n"
" with zipfile.ZipFile(self.outfile, 'w', zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED) as f:\n"
" f.write(self.infile)\n"
" print('Finished background zip of:', self.infile)\n"
"\n"
"background = AsyncZip('mydata.txt', 'myarchive.zip')\n"
"background.start()\n"
"print('The main program continues to run in foreground.')\n"
"\n"
"background.join() # 等待背景任務結束\n"
"print('Main program waited until background was done.')"
#: ../../tutorial/stdlib2.rst:197
msgid ""
"The principal challenge of multi-threaded applications is coordinating "
"threads that share data or other resources. To that end, the threading "
"module provides a number of synchronization primitives including locks, "
"events, condition variables, and semaphores."
msgstr ""
"多執行緒應用程式的主要挑戰是，要協調多個彼此共享資料或資源的執行緒。為此，"
"threading 模組提供了多個同步原語 (synchronization primitive)，包括鎖 (lock)、"
"事件 (event)、條件變數 (condition variable) 和號誌 (semaphore)。"
#: ../../tutorial/stdlib2.rst:202
msgid ""
"While those tools are powerful, minor design errors can result in problems "
"that are difficult to reproduce. So, the preferred approach to task "
"coordination is to concentrate all access to a resource in a single thread "
"and then use the :mod:`queue` module to feed that thread with requests from "
"other threads. Applications using :class:`~queue.Queue` objects for inter-"
"thread communication and coordination are easier to design, more readable, "
"and more reliable."
msgstr ""
"儘管這些工具很強大，但很小的設計錯誤也可能導致一些難以重現的問題。所以，任務"
"協調的首選方法是，把所有對資源的存取集中到單一的執行緒中，然後使用 :mod:"
"`queue` 模組向該執行緒饋送來自其他執行緒的請求。應用程式若使用 :class:"
"`~queue.Queue` 物件進行執行緒間的通信和協調，會更易於設計、更易讀、更可靠。"
#: ../../tutorial/stdlib2.rst:213
msgid "Logging"
msgstr "日誌記錄 (Logging)"
#: ../../tutorial/stdlib2.rst:215
msgid ""
"The :mod:`logging` module offers a full featured and flexible logging "
"system. At its simplest, log messages are sent to a file or to ``sys."
"stderr``::"
msgstr ""
":mod:`logging` 模組提供功能齊全且富彈性的日誌記錄系統。在最簡單的情況下，日誌"
"訊息會被發送到檔案或 ``sys.stderr``： ::"
#: ../../tutorial/stdlib2.rst:218
msgid ""
"import logging\n"
"logging.debug('Debugging information')\n"
"logging.info('Informational message')\n"
"logging.warning('Warning:config file %s not found', 'server.conf')\n"
"logging.error('Error occurred')\n"
"logging.critical('Critical error -- shutting down')"
msgstr ""
"import logging\n"
"logging.debug('Debugging information')\n"
"logging.info('Informational message')\n"
"logging.warning('Warning:config file %s not found', 'server.conf')\n"
"logging.error('Error occurred')\n"
"logging.critical('Critical error -- shutting down')"
#: ../../tutorial/stdlib2.rst:225
msgid "This produces the following output:"
msgstr "這會產生以下輸出："
#: ../../tutorial/stdlib2.rst:227
msgid ""
"WARNING:root:Warning:config file server.conf not found\n"
"ERROR:root:Error occurred\n"
"CRITICAL:root:Critical error -- shutting down"
msgstr ""
"WARNING:root:Warning:config file server.conf not found\n"
"ERROR:root:Error occurred\n"
"CRITICAL:root:Critical error -- shutting down"
#: ../../tutorial/stdlib2.rst:233
msgid ""
"By default, informational and debugging messages are suppressed and the "
"output is sent to standard error. Other output options include routing "
"messages through email, datagrams, sockets, or to an HTTP Server. New "
"filters can select different routing based on message priority: :const:"
"`~logging.DEBUG`, :const:`~logging.INFO`, :const:`~logging.WARNING`, :const:"
"`~logging.ERROR`, and :const:`~logging.CRITICAL`."
msgstr ""
"在預設情況，資訊和除錯訊息不會被顯示，其輸出會被發送到標準錯誤 (standard "
"error)。其他輸出選項包括，將訊息轉發到電子郵件、資料報 (datagram)、網路插座 "
"(socket) 或 HTTP 伺服器。新的過濾器可以根據訊息的優先順序，選擇不同的路由 "
"(routing) 方式：:const:`~logging.DEBUG`、:const:`~logging.INFO`、:const:"
"`~logging.WARNING`、:const:`~logging.ERROR` 及 :const:`~logging.CRITICAL`。"
#: ../../tutorial/stdlib2.rst:240
msgid ""
"The logging system can be configured directly from Python or can be loaded "
"from a user editable configuration file for customized logging without "
"altering the application."
msgstr ""
"日誌記錄系統可以直接從 Python 配置，也可以透過載入使用者可編輯的配置檔案以進"
"行客製化的日誌記錄，而無須對應用程式做出變更。"
#: ../../tutorial/stdlib2.rst:248
msgid "Weak references"
msgstr "弱引用 (Weak references)"
#: ../../tutorial/stdlib2.rst:250
msgid ""
"Python does automatic memory management (reference counting for most objects "
"and :term:`garbage collection` to eliminate cycles). The memory is freed "
"shortly after the last reference to it has been eliminated."
msgstr ""
"Python 會自動進行記憶體管理（對大多數物件進行參照計數 (reference counting) 並"
"使用 :term:`garbage collection` 來消除循環參照）。當一個參照從記憶體被移除後"
"不久，該記憶體就會被釋出。"
#: ../../tutorial/stdlib2.rst:254
msgid ""
"This approach works fine for most applications but occasionally there is a "
"need to track objects only as long as they are being used by something else. "
"Unfortunately, just tracking them creates a reference that makes them "
"permanent. The :mod:`weakref` module provides tools for tracking objects "
"without creating a reference. When the object is no longer needed, it is "
"automatically removed from a weakref table and a callback is triggered for "
"weakref objects. Typical applications include caching objects that are "
"expensive to create::"
msgstr ""
"此方式對大多數應用程式來說都沒問題，但偶爾也需要在物件仍然被其他物件所使用時"
"持續追蹤它們。可惜的是，儘管只是追蹤它們，也會建立一個使它們永久化 "
"(permanent) 的參照。:mod:`weakref` 模組提供的工具可以不必建立參照就能追蹤物"
"件。當該物件不再被需要時，它會自動從一個弱引用表 (weakref table) 中被移除，並"
"為弱引用物件觸發一個回呼 (callback)。典型的應用包括暫存 (cache) 那些成本較為"
"昂貴的物件： ::"
#: ../../tutorial/stdlib2.rst:262
msgid ""
">>> import weakref, gc\n"
">>> class A:\n"
"... def __init__(self, value):\n"
"... self.value = value\n"
"... def __repr__(self):\n"
"... return str(self.value)\n"
"...\n"
">>> a = A(10) # create a reference\n"
">>> d = weakref.WeakValueDictionary()\n"
">>> d['primary'] = a # does not create a reference\n"
">>> d['primary'] # fetch the object if it is still alive\n"
"10\n"
">>> del a # remove the one reference\n"
">>> gc.collect() # run garbage collection right away\n"
"0\n"
">>> d['primary'] # entry was automatically removed\n"
"Traceback (most recent call last):\n"
" File \"<stdin>\", line 1, in <module>\n"
" d['primary'] # entry was automatically removed\n"
" File \"C:/python315/lib/weakref.py\", line 46, in __getitem__\n"
" o = self.data[key]()\n"
"KeyError: 'primary'"
msgstr ""
">>> import weakref, gc\n"
">>> class A:\n"
"... def __init__(self, value):\n"
"... self.value = value\n"
"... def __repr__(self):\n"
"... return str(self.value)\n"
"...\n"
">>> a = A(10) # 建立一個參照\n"
">>> d = weakref.WeakValueDictionary()\n"
">>> d['primary'] = a # 不會建立參照\n"
">>> d['primary'] # 如果物件仍然存在則取得它\n"
"10\n"
">>> del a # 移除一個參照\n"
">>> gc.collect() # 立即執行垃圾回收\n"
"0\n"
">>> d['primary'] # 項目被自動移除\n"
"Traceback (most recent call last):\n"
" File \"<stdin>\", line 1, in <module>\n"
" d['primary'] # 項目被自動移除\n"
" File \"C:/python315/lib/weakref.py\", line 46, in __getitem__\n"
" o = self.data[key]()\n"
"KeyError: 'primary'"
#: ../../tutorial/stdlib2.rst:289
msgid "Tools for working with lists"
msgstr "使用於 list 的工具"
#: ../../tutorial/stdlib2.rst:291
msgid ""
"Many data structure needs can be met with the built-in list type. However, "
"sometimes there is a need for alternative implementations with different "
"performance trade-offs."
msgstr ""
"許多對於資料結構的需求，可以透過內建的 list（串列）型別來滿足。但是，有時也會"
"根據效能的各種取捨，需要一些替代的實作。"
#: ../../tutorial/stdlib2.rst:295
msgid ""
"The :mod:`array` module provides an :class:`~array.array` object that is "
"like a list that stores only homogeneous data and stores it more compactly. "
"The following example shows an array of numbers stored as two byte unsigned "
"binary numbers (typecode ``\"H\"``) rather than the usual 16 bytes per entry "
"for regular lists of Python int objects::"
msgstr ""
":mod:`array` 模組提供了一個 :class:`~array.array` 物件，它像是 list，但只能儲"
"存同類的資料且能緊密地儲存。下面的範例展示一個數值陣列 (array)，以兩個位元組"
"的無符號二進數 (unsigned binary numbers) 為儲存單位（類型碼為 ``\"H\"``），而"
"在 Python 整數物件的正規 list 中，每個項目通常使用 16 個位元組： ::"
#: ../../tutorial/stdlib2.rst:301
msgid ""
">>> from array import array\n"
">>> a = array('H', [4000, 10, 700, 22222])\n"
">>> sum(a)\n"
"26932\n"
">>> a[1:3]\n"
"array('H', [10, 700])"
msgstr ""
">>> from array import array\n"
">>> a = array('H', [4000, 10, 700, 22222])\n"
">>> sum(a)\n"
"26932\n"
">>> a[1:3]\n"
"array('H', [10, 700])"
#: ../../tutorial/stdlib2.rst:308
msgid ""
"The :mod:`collections` module provides a :class:`~collections.deque` object "
"that is like a list with faster appends and pops from the left side but "
"slower lookups in the middle. These objects are well suited for implementing "
"queues and breadth first tree searches::"
msgstr ""
":mod:`collections` 模組提供了一個 :class:`~collections.deque` 物件，它像是 "
"list，但從左側加入 (append) 和彈出 (pop) 的速度較快，而在中間查找的速度則較"
"慢。這種物件適用於實作佇列 (queue) 和廣度優先搜尋法 (breadth first tree "
"search)： ::"
#: ../../tutorial/stdlib2.rst:313
msgid ""
">>> from collections import deque\n"
">>> d = deque([\"task1\", \"task2\", \"task3\"])\n"
">>> d.append(\"task4\")\n"
">>> print(\"Handling\", d.popleft())\n"
"Handling task1"
msgstr ""
">>> from collections import deque\n"
">>> d = deque([\"task1\", \"task2\", \"task3\"])\n"
">>> d.append(\"task4\")\n"
">>> print(\"Handling\", d.popleft())\n"
"Handling task1"
#: ../../tutorial/stdlib2.rst:321
msgid ""
"unsearched = deque([starting_node])\n"
"def breadth_first_search(unsearched):\n"
" node = unsearched.popleft()\n"
" for m in gen_moves(node):\n"
" if is_goal(m):\n"
" return m\n"
" unsearched.append(m)"
msgstr ""
"unsearched = deque([starting_node])\n"
"def breadth_first_search(unsearched):\n"
" node = unsearched.popleft()\n"
" for m in gen_moves(node):\n"
" if is_goal(m):\n"
" return m\n"
" unsearched.append(m)"
#: ../../tutorial/stdlib2.rst:329
msgid ""
"In addition to alternative list implementations, the library also offers "
"other tools such as the :mod:`bisect` module with functions for manipulating "
"sorted lists::"
msgstr ""
"除了替代的 list 實作以外，函式庫也提供了其他工具，例如 :mod:`bisect` 模組，具"
"有能夠操作 sorted list（已排序串列）的函式： ::"
#: ../../tutorial/stdlib2.rst:333
msgid ""
">>> import bisect\n"
">>> scores = [(100, 'perl'), (200, 'tcl'), (400, 'lua'), (500, 'python')]\n"
">>> bisect.insort(scores, (300, 'ruby'))\n"
">>> scores\n"
"[(100, 'perl'), (200, 'tcl'), (300, 'ruby'), (400, 'lua'), (500, 'python')]"
msgstr ""
">>> import bisect\n"
">>> scores = [(100, 'perl'), (200, 'tcl'), (400, 'lua'), (500, 'python')]\n"
">>> bisect.insort(scores, (300, 'ruby'))\n"
">>> scores\n"
"[(100, 'perl'), (200, 'tcl'), (300, 'ruby'), (400, 'lua'), (500, 'python')]"
#: ../../tutorial/stdlib2.rst:339
msgid ""
"The :mod:`heapq` module provides functions for implementing heaps based on "
"regular lists. The lowest valued entry is always kept at position zero. "
"This is useful for applications which repeatedly access the smallest element "
"but do not want to run a full list sort::"
msgstr ""
":mod:`heapq` 模組提供了一些函式，能基於正規 list 來實作堆積 (heap)。最小值的"
"項目會永遠保持在位置零。對於一些需要多次存取最小元素，但不想要對整個 list 進"
"行排序的應用程式來說，這會很有用： ::"
#: ../../tutorial/stdlib2.rst:344
msgid ""
">>> from heapq import heapify, heappop, heappush\n"
">>> data = [1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 2, 4, 6, 8, 0]\n"
">>> heapify(data) # rearrange the list into heap order\n"
">>> heappush(data, -5) # add a new entry\n"
">>> [heappop(data) for i in range(3)] # fetch the three smallest entries\n"
"[-5, 0, 1]"
msgstr ""
">>> from heapq import heapify, heappop, heappush\n"
">>> data = [1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 2, 4, 6, 8, 0]\n"
">>> heapify(data) # 將串列重新排列為堆積順序\n"
">>> heappush(data, -5) # 加入新項目\n"
">>> [heappop(data) for i in range(3)] # 取得三個最小的項目\n"
"[-5, 0, 1]"
#: ../../tutorial/stdlib2.rst:355
msgid "Decimal floating-point arithmetic"
msgstr "十進制浮點數運算 (Decimal floating-point arithmetic)"
#: ../../tutorial/stdlib2.rst:357
msgid ""
"The :mod:`decimal` module offers a :class:`~decimal.Decimal` datatype for "
"decimal floating-point arithmetic. Compared to the built-in :class:`float` "
"implementation of binary floating point, the class is especially helpful for"
msgstr ""
":mod:`decimal` 模組提供了一個 :class:`~decimal.Decimal` 資料類型，用於十進制"
"浮點數運算。相較於內建的二進制浮點數 :class:`float` 實作，該 class 特別適用於"
"下列情境"
#: ../../tutorial/stdlib2.rst:361
msgid ""
"financial applications and other uses which require exact decimal "
"representation,"
msgstr "金融應用程式及其他需要準確十進位制表示法的應用，"
#: ../../tutorial/stdlib2.rst:363
msgid "control over precision,"
msgstr "對於精確度 (precision) 的控制，"
#: ../../tutorial/stdlib2.rst:364
msgid "control over rounding to meet legal or regulatory requirements,"
msgstr "控制四捨五入，以滿足法律或監管規範，"
#: ../../tutorial/stdlib2.rst:365
msgid "tracking of significant decimal places, or"
msgstr "追蹤有效的小數位數 (decimal place)，或"
#: ../../tutorial/stdlib2.rst:366
msgid ""
"applications where the user expects the results to match calculations done "
"by hand."
msgstr "使用者會期望計算結果與手工計算相符的應用程式。"
#: ../../tutorial/stdlib2.rst:369
msgid ""
"For example, calculating a 5% tax on a 70 cent phone charge gives different "
"results in decimal floating point and binary floating point. The difference "
"becomes significant if the results are rounded to the nearest cent::"
msgstr ""
"例如，要計算 70 美分的手機充電加上 5% 稅金的總價，使用十進制浮點數和二進制浮"
"點數，會算出不同的答案。如果把計算結果四捨五入到最接近的美分，兩者的差異會更"
"顯著： ::"
#: ../../tutorial/stdlib2.rst:373
msgid ""
">>> from decimal import *\n"
">>> round(Decimal('0.70') * Decimal('1.05'), 2)\n"
"Decimal('0.74')\n"
">>> round(.70 * 1.05, 2)\n"
"0.73"
msgstr ""
">>> from decimal import *\n"
">>> round(Decimal('0.70') * Decimal('1.05'), 2)\n"
"Decimal('0.74')\n"
">>> round(.70 * 1.05, 2)\n"
"0.73"
#: ../../tutorial/stdlib2.rst:379
msgid ""
"The :class:`~decimal.Decimal` result keeps a trailing zero, automatically "
"inferring four place significance from multiplicands with two place "
"significance. Decimal reproduces mathematics as done by hand and avoids "
"issues that can arise when binary floating point cannot exactly represent "
"decimal quantities."
msgstr ""
":class:`~decimal.Decimal` 的運算結果會保留尾部的零，也會根據有兩個有效位數的"
"被乘數自動推斷出有四個有效位數的乘積。Decimal 可以重現手工計算的結果，以避免"
"產生二進制浮點數無法準確表示十進制數值時會導致的問題。"
#: ../../tutorial/stdlib2.rst:385
msgid ""
"Exact representation enables the :class:`~decimal.Decimal` class to perform "
"modulo calculations and equality tests that are unsuitable for binary "
"floating point::"
msgstr ""
"準確的表示法使得 :class:`~decimal.Decimal` class 能夠執行對於二進制浮點數不適"
"用的模數計算和相等性檢測： ::"
#: ../../tutorial/stdlib2.rst:389
msgid ""
">>> Decimal('1.00') % Decimal('.10')\n"
"Decimal('0.00')\n"
">>> 1.00 % 0.10\n"
"0.09999999999999995\n"
"\n"
">>> sum([Decimal('0.1')]*10) == Decimal('1.0')\n"
"True\n"
">>> 0.1 + 0.1 + 0.1 + 0.1 + 0.1 + 0.1 + 0.1 + 0.1 + 0.1 + 0.1 == 1.0\n"
"False"
msgstr ""
">>> Decimal('1.00') % Decimal('.10')\n"
"Decimal('0.00')\n"
">>> 1.00 % 0.10\n"
"0.09999999999999995\n"
"\n"
">>> sum([Decimal('0.1')]*10) == Decimal('1.0')\n"
"True\n"
">>> 0.1 + 0.1 + 0.1 + 0.1 + 0.1 + 0.1 + 0.1 + 0.1 + 0.1 + 0.1 == 1.0\n"
"False"
#: ../../tutorial/stdlib2.rst:399
msgid ""
"The :mod:`decimal` module provides arithmetic with as much precision as "
"needed::"
msgstr ":mod:`decimal` 模組可提供運算中需要的足夠精確度： ::"
#: ../../tutorial/stdlib2.rst:401
msgid ""
">>> getcontext().prec = 36\n"
">>> Decimal(1) / Decimal(7)\n"
"Decimal('0.142857142857142857142857142857142857')"
msgstr ""
">>> getcontext().prec = 36\n"
">>> Decimal(1) / Decimal(7)\n"
"Decimal('0.142857142857142857142857142857142857')"