python-docs-ru/tutorial/introduction.po at 3.9 · python/python-docs-ru

487 lines (413 loc) · 16.6 KB
# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE.
# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation
# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package.
# FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR.
# Translators:
# python-doc bot, 2025
"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.9\n"
"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-09-22 21:56+0000\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2025-09-22 17:56+0000\n"
"Last-Translator: python-doc bot, 2025\n"
"Language-Team: Russian (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/ru/)\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
"Language: ru\n"
"Plural-Forms: nplurals=4; plural=(n%10==1 && n%100!=11 ? 0 : n%10>=2 && n%10<=4 && (n%100<12 || n%100>14) ? 1 : n%10==0 || (n%10>=5 && n%10<=9) || (n%100>=11 && n%100<=14)? 2 : 3);\n"
#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:5
msgid "An Informal Introduction to Python"
#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:7
"In the following examples, input and output are distinguished by the "
"presence or absence of prompts (:term:`>>>` and :term:`...`): to repeat the "
"example, you must type everything after the prompt, when the prompt appears;"
" lines that do not begin with a prompt are output from the interpreter. Note"
" that a secondary prompt on a line by itself in an example means you must "
"type a blank line; this is used to end a multi-line command."
#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:16
"You can toggle the display of prompts and output by clicking on ``>>>`` in "
"the upper-right corner of an example box.  If you hide the prompts and "
"output for an example, then you can easily copy and paste the input lines "
"into your interpreter."
#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:23
"Many of the examples in this manual, even those entered at the interactive "
"prompt, include comments.  Comments in Python start with the hash character,"
" ``#``, and extend to the end of the physical line.  A comment may appear at"
" the start of a line or following whitespace or code, but not within a "
"string literal.  A hash character within a string literal is just a hash "
"character. Since comments are to clarify code and are not interpreted by "
"Python, they may be omitted when typing in examples."
#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:31
msgid "Some examples::"
#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:42
msgid "Using Python as a Calculator"
#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:44
"Let's try some simple Python commands.  Start the interpreter and wait for "
"the primary prompt, ``>>>``.  (It shouldn't take long.)"
#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:51
msgid "Numbers"
#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:53
"The interpreter acts as a simple calculator: you can type an expression at "
"it and it will write the value.  Expression syntax is straightforward: the "
"operators ``+``, ``-``, ``*`` and ``/`` work just like in most other "
"languages (for example, Pascal or C); parentheses (``()``) can be used for "
"grouping. For example::"
#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:68
"The integer numbers (e.g. ``2``, ``4``, ``20``) have type :class:`int`, the "
"ones with a fractional part (e.g. ``5.0``, ``1.6``) have type "
":class:`float`.  We will see more about numeric types later in the tutorial."
#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:72
"Division (``/``) always returns a float.  To do :term:`floor division` and "
"get an integer result (discarding any fractional result) you can use the "
"``//`` operator; to calculate the remainder you can use ``%``::"
#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:86
"With Python, it is possible to use the ``**`` operator to calculate powers "
#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:93
"The equal sign (``=``) is used to assign a value to a variable. Afterwards, "
"no result is displayed before the next interactive prompt::"
#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:101
"If a variable is not \"defined\" (assigned a value), trying to use it will "
"give you an error::"
#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:109
"There is full support for floating point; operators with mixed type operands"
" convert the integer operand to floating point::"
#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:115
"In interactive mode, the last printed expression is assigned to the variable"
" ``_``.  This means that when you are using Python as a desk calculator, it "
"is somewhat easier to continue calculations, for example::"
#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:128
"This variable should be treated as read-only by the user.  Don't explicitly "
"assign a value to it --- you would create an independent local variable with"
" the same name masking the built-in variable with its magic behavior."
#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:132
"In addition to :class:`int` and :class:`float`, Python supports other types "
"of numbers, such as :class:`~decimal.Decimal` and "
":class:`~fractions.Fraction`. Python also has built-in support for "
":ref:`complex numbers <typesnumeric>`, and uses the ``j`` or ``J`` suffix to"
" indicate the imaginary part (e.g. ``3+5j``)."
#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:142
msgid "Strings"
#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:144
"Besides numbers, Python can also manipulate strings, which can be expressed "
"in several ways.  They can be enclosed in single quotes (``'...'``) or "
"double quotes (``\"...\"``) with the same result [#]_.  ``\\`` can be used "
"to escape quotes::"
#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:162
"In the interactive interpreter, the output string is enclosed in quotes and "
"special characters are escaped with backslashes.  While this might sometimes"
" look different from the input (the enclosing quotes could change), the two "
"strings are equivalent.  The string is enclosed in double quotes if the "
"string contains a single quote and no double quotes, otherwise it is "
"enclosed in single quotes.  The :func:`print` function produces a more "
"readable output, by omitting the enclosing quotes and by printing escaped "
"and special characters::"
#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:182
"If you don't want characters prefaced by ``\\`` to be interpreted as special"
" characters, you can use *raw strings* by adding an ``r`` before the first "
#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:192
"String literals can span multiple lines.  One way is using triple-quotes: "
"``\"\"\"...\"\"\"`` or ``'''...'''``.  End of lines are automatically "
"included in the string, but it's possible to prevent this by adding a ``\\``"
" at the end of the line.  The following example::"
#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:203
"produces the following output (note that the initial newline is not "
"included):"
#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:211
"Strings can be concatenated (glued together) with the ``+`` operator, and "
"repeated with ``*``::"
#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:218
"Two or more *string literals* (i.e. the ones enclosed between quotes) next "
"to each other are automatically concatenated. ::"
#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:224
"This feature is particularly useful when you want to break long strings::"
#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:231
"This only works with two literals though, not with variables or "
"expressions::"
#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:245
"If you want to concatenate variables or a variable and a literal, use "
#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:250
"Strings can be *indexed* (subscripted), with the first character having "
"index 0. There is no separate character type; a character is simply a string"
" of size one::"
#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:260
"Indices may also be negative numbers, to start counting from the right::"
#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:269
msgid "Note that since -0 is the same as 0, negative indices start from -1."
#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:271
"In addition to indexing, *slicing* is also supported.  While indexing is "
"used to obtain individual characters, *slicing* allows you to obtain "
"substring::"
#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:279
"Slice indices have useful defaults; an omitted first index defaults to zero,"
" an omitted second index defaults to the size of the string being sliced. ::"
#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:289
"Note how the start is always included, and the end always excluded.  This "
"makes sure that ``s[:i] + s[i:]`` is always equal to ``s``::"
#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:297
"One way to remember how slices work is to think of the indices as pointing "
"*between* characters, with the left edge of the first character numbered 0. "
"Then the right edge of the last character of a string of *n* characters has "
"index *n*, for example::"
#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:308
"The first row of numbers gives the position of the indices 0...6 in the "
"string; the second row gives the corresponding negative indices. The slice "
"from *i* to *j* consists of all characters between the edges labeled *i* and"
" *j*, respectively."
#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:313
"For non-negative indices, the length of a slice is the difference of the "
"indices, if both are within bounds.  For example, the length of "
"``word[1:3]`` is 2."
#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:317
msgid "Attempting to use an index that is too large will result in an error::"
#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:324
"However, out of range slice indexes are handled gracefully when used for "
"slicing::"
#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:332
"Python strings cannot be changed --- they are :term:`immutable`. Therefore, "
"assigning to an indexed position in the string results in an error::"
#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:344
msgid "If you need a different string, you should create a new one::"
#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:351
msgid "The built-in function :func:`len` returns the length of a string::"
#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:362
msgid ":ref:`textseq`"
#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:361
"Strings are examples of *sequence types*, and support the common operations "
"supported by such types."
#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:366
msgid ":ref:`string-methods`"
#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:365
"Strings support a large number of methods for basic transformations and "
"searching."
#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:369
msgid ":ref:`f-strings`"
#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:369
msgid "String literals that have embedded expressions."
#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:372
msgid ":ref:`formatstrings`"
#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:372
msgid "Information about string formatting with :meth:`str.format`."
#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:375
msgid ":ref:`old-string-formatting`"
#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:375
"The old formatting operations invoked when strings are the left operand of "
"the ``%`` operator are described in more detail here."
#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:382
msgid "Lists"
#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:384
"Python knows a number of *compound* data types, used to group together other"
" values.  The most versatile is the *list*, which can be written as a list "
"of comma-separated values (items) between square brackets.  Lists might "
"contain items of different types, but usually the items all have the same "
#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:393
"Like strings (and all other built-in :term:`sequence` types), lists can be "
"indexed and sliced::"
#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:403
"All slice operations return a new list containing the requested elements.  "
"This means that the following slice returns a :ref:`shallow copy "
"<shallow_vs_deep_copy>` of the list::"
#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:410
msgid "Lists also support operations like concatenation::"
#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:415
"Unlike strings, which are :term:`immutable`, lists are a :term:`mutable` "
"type, i.e. it is possible to change their content::"
#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:425
"You can also add new items at the end of the list, by using the "
":meth:`~list.append` *method* (we will see more about methods later)::"
#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:433
"Assignment to slices is also possible, and this can even change the size of "
"the list or clear it entirely::"
#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:452
msgid "The built-in function :func:`len` also applies to lists::"
#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:458
"It is possible to nest lists (create lists containing other lists), for "
"example::"
#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:474
msgid "First Steps Towards Programming"
#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:476
"Of course, we can use Python for more complicated tasks than adding two and "
"two together.  For instance, we can write an initial sub-sequence of the "
"`Fibonacci series <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibonacci_number>`_ as "
"follows::"
#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:496
msgid "This example introduces several new features."
#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:498
"The first line contains a *multiple assignment*: the variables ``a`` and "
"``b`` simultaneously get the new values 0 and 1.  On the last line this is "
"used again, demonstrating that the expressions on the right-hand side are "
"all evaluated first before any of the assignments take place.  The right-"
"hand side expressions are evaluated  from the left to the right."
#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:504
"The :keyword:`while` loop executes as long as the condition (here: ``a < "
"10``) remains true.  In Python, like in C, any non-zero integer value is "
"true; zero is false.  The condition may also be a string or list value, in "
"fact any sequence; anything with a non-zero length is true, empty sequences "
"are false.  The test used in the example is a simple comparison.  The "
"standard comparison operators are written the same as in C: ``<`` (less "
"than), ``>`` (greater than), ``==`` (equal to), ``<=`` (less than or equal "
"to), ``>=`` (greater than or equal to) and ``!=`` (not equal to)."
#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:513
"The *body* of the loop is *indented*: indentation is Python's way of "
"grouping statements.  At the interactive prompt, you have to type a tab or "
"space(s) for each indented line.  In practice you will prepare more "
"complicated input for Python with a text editor; all decent text editors "
"have an auto-indent facility.  When a compound statement is entered "
"interactively, it must be followed by a blank line to indicate completion "
"(since the parser cannot guess when you have typed the last line).  Note "
"that each line within a basic block must be indented by the same amount."
#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:522
"The :func:`print` function writes the value of the argument(s) it is given. "
"It differs from just writing the expression you want to write (as we did "
"earlier in the calculator examples) in the way it handles multiple "
"arguments, floating point quantities, and strings.  Strings are printed "
"without quotes, and a space is inserted between items, so you can format "
"things nicely, like this::"
#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:533
"The keyword argument *end* can be used to avoid the newline after the "
"output, or end the output with a different string::"
#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:545
msgid "Footnotes"
#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:546
"Since ``**`` has higher precedence than ``-``, ``-3**2`` will be interpreted"
" as ``-(3**2)`` and thus result in ``-9``.  To avoid this and get ``9``, you"
" can use ``(-3)**2``."
#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:550
"Unlike other languages, special characters such as ``\\n`` have the same "
"meaning with both single (``'...'``) and double (``\"...\"``) quotes. The "
"only difference between the two is that within single quotes you don't need "
"to escape ``\"`` (but you have to escape ``\\'``) and vice versa."
Navigation Menu

Uh oh!

Uh oh!

FilesExpand file tree

introduction.po

Latest commit

History

introduction.po

File metadata and controls
