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# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE.
# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation
# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package.
# FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR.
#
# Translators:
# python-doc bot, 2025
#
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.9\n"
"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-01-03 16:35+0000\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2025-09-22 17:56+0000\n"
"Last-Translator: python-doc bot, 2025\n"
"Language-Team: Russian (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/ru/)\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
"Language: ru\n"
"Plural-Forms: nplurals=4; plural=(n%10==1 && n%100!=11 ? 0 : n%10>=2 && n%10<=4 && (n%100<12 || n%100>14) ? 1 : n%10==0 || (n%10>=5 && n%10<=9) || (n%100>=11 && n%100<=14)? 2 : 3);\n"
#: ../../reference/import.rst:6
msgid "The import system"
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:10
msgid ""
"Python code in one :term:`module` gains access to the code in another module"
" by the process of :term:`importing` it. The :keyword:`import` statement is"
" the most common way of invoking the import machinery, but it is not the "
"only way. Functions such as :func:`importlib.import_module` and built-in "
":func:`__import__` can also be used to invoke the import machinery."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:16
msgid ""
"The :keyword:`import` statement combines two operations; it searches for the"
" named module, then it binds the results of that search to a name in the "
"local scope. The search operation of the :keyword:`!import` statement is "
"defined as a call to the :func:`__import__` function, with the appropriate "
"arguments. The return value of :func:`__import__` is used to perform the "
"name binding operation of the :keyword:`!import` statement. See the "
":keyword:`!import` statement for the exact details of that name binding "
"operation."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:25
msgid ""
"A direct call to :func:`__import__` performs only the module search and, if "
"found, the module creation operation. While certain side-effects may occur,"
" such as the importing of parent packages, and the updating of various "
"caches (including :data:`sys.modules`), only the :keyword:`import` statement"
" performs a name binding operation."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:31
msgid ""
"When an :keyword:`import` statement is executed, the standard builtin "
":func:`__import__` function is called. Other mechanisms for invoking the "
"import system (such as :func:`importlib.import_module`) may choose to bypass"
" :func:`__import__` and use their own solutions to implement import "
"semantics."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:36
msgid ""
"When a module is first imported, Python searches for the module and if "
"found, it creates a module object [#fnmo]_, initializing it. If the named "
"module cannot be found, a :exc:`ModuleNotFoundError` is raised. Python "
"implements various strategies to search for the named module when the import"
" machinery is invoked. These strategies can be modified and extended by "
"using various hooks described in the sections below."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:43
msgid ""
"The import system has been updated to fully implement the second phase of "
":pep:`302`. There is no longer any implicit import machinery - the full "
"import system is exposed through :data:`sys.meta_path`. In addition, native "
"namespace package support has been implemented (see :pep:`420`)."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:51
msgid ":mod:`importlib`"
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:53
msgid ""
"The :mod:`importlib` module provides a rich API for interacting with the "
"import system. For example :func:`importlib.import_module` provides a "
"recommended, simpler API than built-in :func:`__import__` for invoking the "
"import machinery. Refer to the :mod:`importlib` library documentation for "
"additional detail."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:62
msgid "Packages"
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:67
msgid ""
"Python has only one type of module object, and all modules are of this type,"
" regardless of whether the module is implemented in Python, C, or something "
"else. To help organize modules and provide a naming hierarchy, Python has a"
" concept of :term:`packages <package>`."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:72
msgid ""
"You can think of packages as the directories on a file system and modules as"
" files within directories, but don't take this analogy too literally since "
"packages and modules need not originate from the file system. For the "
"purposes of this documentation, we'll use this convenient analogy of "
"directories and files. Like file system directories, packages are organized"
" hierarchically, and packages may themselves contain subpackages, as well as"
" regular modules."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:80
msgid ""
"It's important to keep in mind that all packages are modules, but not all "
"modules are packages. Or put another way, packages are just a special kind "
"of module. Specifically, any module that contains a ``__path__`` attribute "
"is considered a package."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:85
msgid ""
"All modules have a name. Subpackage names are separated from their parent "
"package name by a dot, akin to Python's standard attribute access syntax. "
"Thus you might have a package called :mod:`email`, which in turn has a "
"subpackage called :mod:`email.mime` and a module within that subpackage "
"called :mod:`email.mime.text`."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:93
msgid "Regular packages"
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:98
msgid ""
"Python defines two types of packages, :term:`regular packages <regular "
"package>` and :term:`namespace packages <namespace package>`. Regular "
"packages are traditional packages as they existed in Python 3.2 and earlier."
" A regular package is typically implemented as a directory containing an "
"``__init__.py`` file. When a regular package is imported, this "
"``__init__.py`` file is implicitly executed, and the objects it defines are "
"bound to names in the package's namespace. The ``__init__.py`` file can "
"contain the same Python code that any other module can contain, and Python "
"will add some additional attributes to the module when it is imported."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:108
msgid ""
"For example, the following file system layout defines a top level ``parent``"
" package with three subpackages::"
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:120
msgid ""
"Importing ``parent.one`` will implicitly execute ``parent/__init__.py`` and "
"``parent/one/__init__.py``. Subsequent imports of ``parent.two`` or "
"``parent.three`` will execute ``parent/two/__init__.py`` and "
"``parent/three/__init__.py`` respectively."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:127
msgid "Namespace packages"
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:133
msgid ""
"A namespace package is a composite of various :term:`portions <portion>`, "
"where each portion contributes a subpackage to the parent package. Portions"
" may reside in different locations on the file system. Portions may also be"
" found in zip files, on the network, or anywhere else that Python searches "
"during import. Namespace packages may or may not correspond directly to "
"objects on the file system; they may be virtual modules that have no "
"concrete representation."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:141
msgid ""
"Namespace packages do not use an ordinary list for their ``__path__`` "
"attribute. They instead use a custom iterable type which will automatically "
"perform a new search for package portions on the next import attempt within "
"that package if the path of their parent package (or :data:`sys.path` for a "
"top level package) changes."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:147
msgid ""
"With namespace packages, there is no ``parent/__init__.py`` file. In fact, "
"there may be multiple ``parent`` directories found during import search, "
"where each one is provided by a different portion. Thus ``parent/one`` may "
"not be physically located next to ``parent/two``. In this case, Python will"
" create a namespace package for the top-level ``parent`` package whenever it"
" or one of its subpackages is imported."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:154
msgid "See also :pep:`420` for the namespace package specification."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:158
msgid "Searching"
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:160
msgid ""
"To begin the search, Python needs the :term:`fully qualified <qualified "
"name>` name of the module (or package, but for the purposes of this "
"discussion, the difference is immaterial) being imported. This name may "
"come from various arguments to the :keyword:`import` statement, or from the "
"parameters to the :func:`importlib.import_module` or :func:`__import__` "
"functions."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:166
msgid ""
"This name will be used in various phases of the import search, and it may be"
" the dotted path to a submodule, e.g. ``foo.bar.baz``. In this case, Python"
" first tries to import ``foo``, then ``foo.bar``, and finally "
"``foo.bar.baz``. If any of the intermediate imports fail, a "
":exc:`ModuleNotFoundError` is raised."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:173
msgid "The module cache"
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:178
msgid ""
"The first place checked during import search is :data:`sys.modules`. This "
"mapping serves as a cache of all modules that have been previously imported,"
" including the intermediate paths. So if ``foo.bar.baz`` was previously "
"imported, :data:`sys.modules` will contain entries for ``foo``, ``foo.bar``,"
" and ``foo.bar.baz``. Each key will have as its value the corresponding "
"module object."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:185
msgid ""
"During import, the module name is looked up in :data:`sys.modules` and if "
"present, the associated value is the module satisfying the import, and the "
"process completes. However, if the value is ``None``, then a "
":exc:`ModuleNotFoundError` is raised. If the module name is missing, Python"
" will continue searching for the module."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:191
msgid ""
":data:`sys.modules` is writable. Deleting a key may not destroy the "
"associated module (as other modules may hold references to it), but it will "
"invalidate the cache entry for the named module, causing Python to search "
"anew for the named module upon its next import. The key can also be assigned"
" to ``None``, forcing the next import of the module to result in a "
":exc:`ModuleNotFoundError`."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:198
msgid ""
"Beware though, as if you keep a reference to the module object, invalidate "
"its cache entry in :data:`sys.modules`, and then re-import the named module,"
" the two module objects will *not* be the same. By contrast, "
":func:`importlib.reload` will reuse the *same* module object, and simply "
"reinitialise the module contents by rerunning the module's code."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:208
msgid "Finders and loaders"
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:215
msgid ""
"If the named module is not found in :data:`sys.modules`, then Python's "
"import protocol is invoked to find and load the module. This protocol "
"consists of two conceptual objects, :term:`finders <finder>` and "
":term:`loaders <loader>`. A finder's job is to determine whether it can find"
" the named module using whatever strategy it knows about. Objects that "
"implement both of these interfaces are referred to as :term:`importers "
"<importer>` - they return themselves when they find that they can load the "
"requested module."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:223
msgid ""
"Python includes a number of default finders and importers. The first one "
"knows how to locate built-in modules, and the second knows how to locate "
"frozen modules. A third default finder searches an :term:`import path` for "
"modules. The :term:`import path` is a list of locations that may name file "
"system paths or zip files. It can also be extended to search for any "
"locatable resource, such as those identified by URLs."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:230
msgid ""
"The import machinery is extensible, so new finders can be added to extend "
"the range and scope of module searching."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:233
msgid ""
"Finders do not actually load modules. If they can find the named module, "
"they return a :dfn:`module spec`, an encapsulation of the module's import-"
"related information, which the import machinery then uses when loading the "
"module."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:237
msgid ""
"The following sections describe the protocol for finders and loaders in more"
" detail, including how you can create and register new ones to extend the "
"import machinery."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:241
msgid ""
"In previous versions of Python, finders returned :term:`loaders <loader>` "
"directly, whereas now they return module specs which *contain* loaders. "
"Loaders are still used during import but have fewer responsibilities."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:247
msgid "Import hooks"
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:257
msgid ""
"The import machinery is designed to be extensible; the primary mechanism for"
" this are the *import hooks*. There are two types of import hooks: *meta "
"hooks* and *import path hooks*."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:261
msgid ""
"Meta hooks are called at the start of import processing, before any other "
"import processing has occurred, other than :data:`sys.modules` cache look "
"up. This allows meta hooks to override :data:`sys.path` processing, frozen "
"modules, or even built-in modules. Meta hooks are registered by adding new "
"finder objects to :data:`sys.meta_path`, as described below."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:267
msgid ""
"Import path hooks are called as part of :data:`sys.path` (or "
"``package.__path__``) processing, at the point where their associated path "
"item is encountered. Import path hooks are registered by adding new "
"callables to :data:`sys.path_hooks` as described below."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:274
msgid "The meta path"
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:280
msgid ""
"When the named module is not found in :data:`sys.modules`, Python next "
"searches :data:`sys.meta_path`, which contains a list of meta path finder "
"objects. These finders are queried in order to see if they know how to "
"handle the named module. Meta path finders must implement a method called "
":meth:`~importlib.abc.MetaPathFinder.find_spec()` which takes three "
"arguments: a name, an import path, and (optionally) a target module. The "
"meta path finder can use any strategy it wants to determine whether it can "
"handle the named module or not."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:289
msgid ""
"If the meta path finder knows how to handle the named module, it returns a "
"spec object. If it cannot handle the named module, it returns ``None``. If"
" :data:`sys.meta_path` processing reaches the end of its list without "
"returning a spec, then a :exc:`ModuleNotFoundError` is raised. Any other "
"exceptions raised are simply propagated up, aborting the import process."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:295
msgid ""
"The :meth:`~importlib.abc.MetaPathFinder.find_spec()` method of meta path "
"finders is called with two or three arguments. The first is the fully "
"qualified name of the module being imported, for example ``foo.bar.baz``. "
"The second argument is the path entries to use for the module search. For "
"top-level modules, the second argument is ``None``, but for submodules or "
"subpackages, the second argument is the value of the parent package's "
"``__path__`` attribute. If the appropriate ``__path__`` attribute cannot be "
"accessed, a :exc:`ModuleNotFoundError` is raised. The third argument is an "
"existing module object that will be the target of loading later. The import "
"system passes in a target module only during reload."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:306
msgid ""
"The meta path may be traversed multiple times for a single import request. "
"For example, assuming none of the modules involved has already been cached, "
"importing ``foo.bar.baz`` will first perform a top level import, calling "
"``mpf.find_spec(\"foo\", None, None)`` on each meta path finder (``mpf``). "
"After ``foo`` has been imported, ``foo.bar`` will be imported by traversing "
"the meta path a second time, calling ``mpf.find_spec(\"foo.bar\", "
"foo.__path__, None)``. Once ``foo.bar`` has been imported, the final "
"traversal will call ``mpf.find_spec(\"foo.bar.baz\", foo.bar.__path__, "
"None)``."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:316
msgid ""
"Some meta path finders only support top level imports. These importers will "
"always return ``None`` when anything other than ``None`` is passed as the "
"second argument."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:320
msgid ""
"Python's default :data:`sys.meta_path` has three meta path finders, one that"
" knows how to import built-in modules, one that knows how to import frozen "
"modules, and one that knows how to import modules from an :term:`import "
"path` (i.e. the :term:`path based finder`)."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:325
msgid ""
"The :meth:`~importlib.abc.MetaPathFinder.find_spec` method of meta path "
"finders replaced :meth:`~importlib.abc.MetaPathFinder.find_module`, which is"
" now deprecated. While it will continue to work without change, the import "
"machinery will try it only if the finder does not implement ``find_spec()``."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:334
msgid "Loading"
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:336
msgid ""
"If and when a module spec is found, the import machinery will use it (and "
"the loader it contains) when loading the module. Here is an approximation "
"of what happens during the loading portion of import::"
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:370
msgid "Note the following details:"
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:372
msgid ""
"If there is an existing module object with the given name in "
":data:`sys.modules`, import will have already returned it."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:375
msgid ""
"The module will exist in :data:`sys.modules` before the loader executes the "
"module code. This is crucial because the module code may (directly or "
"indirectly) import itself; adding it to :data:`sys.modules` beforehand "
"prevents unbounded recursion in the worst case and multiple loading in the "
"best."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:381
msgid ""
"If loading fails, the failing module -- and only the failing module -- gets "
"removed from :data:`sys.modules`. Any module already in the "
":data:`sys.modules` cache, and any module that was successfully loaded as a "
"side-effect, must remain in the cache. This contrasts with reloading where "
"even the failing module is left in :data:`sys.modules`."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:387
msgid ""
"After the module is created but before execution, the import machinery sets "
"the import-related module attributes (\"_init_module_attrs\" in the pseudo-"
"code example above), as summarized in a :ref:`later section <import-mod-"
"attrs>`."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:392
msgid ""
"Module execution is the key moment of loading in which the module's "
"namespace gets populated. Execution is entirely delegated to the loader, "
"which gets to decide what gets populated and how."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:396
msgid ""
"The module created during loading and passed to exec_module() may not be the"
" one returned at the end of import [#fnlo]_."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:399
msgid ""
"The import system has taken over the boilerplate responsibilities of "
"loaders. These were previously performed by the "
":meth:`importlib.abc.Loader.load_module` method."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:405
msgid "Loaders"
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:407
msgid ""
"Module loaders provide the critical function of loading: module execution. "
"The import machinery calls the :meth:`importlib.abc.Loader.exec_module` "
"method with a single argument, the module object to execute. Any value "
"returned from :meth:`~importlib.abc.Loader.exec_module` is ignored."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:412
msgid "Loaders must satisfy the following requirements:"
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:414
msgid ""
"If the module is a Python module (as opposed to a built-in module or a "
"dynamically loaded extension), the loader should execute the module's code "
"in the module's global name space (``module.__dict__``)."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:418
msgid ""
"If the loader cannot execute the module, it should raise an "
":exc:`ImportError`, although any other exception raised during "
":meth:`~importlib.abc.Loader.exec_module` will be propagated."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:422
msgid ""
"In many cases, the finder and loader can be the same object; in such cases "
"the :meth:`~importlib.abc.MetaPathFinder.find_spec` method would just return"
" a spec with the loader set to ``self``."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:426
msgid ""
"Module loaders may opt in to creating the module object during loading by "
"implementing a :meth:`~importlib.abc.Loader.create_module` method. It takes "
"one argument, the module spec, and returns the new module object to use "
"during loading. ``create_module()`` does not need to set any attributes on "
"the module object. If the method returns ``None``, the import machinery "
"will create the new module itself."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:433
msgid "The :meth:`~importlib.abc.Loader.create_module` method of loaders."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:436
msgid ""
"The :meth:`~importlib.abc.Loader.load_module` method was replaced by "
":meth:`~importlib.abc.Loader.exec_module` and the import machinery assumed "
"all the boilerplate responsibilities of loading."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:441
msgid ""
"For compatibility with existing loaders, the import machinery will use the "
"``load_module()`` method of loaders if it exists and the loader does not "
"also implement ``exec_module()``. However, ``load_module()`` has been "
"deprecated and loaders should implement ``exec_module()`` instead."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:446
msgid ""
"The ``load_module()`` method must implement all the boilerplate loading "
"functionality described above in addition to executing the module. All the "
"same constraints apply, with some additional clarification:"
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:450
msgid ""
"If there is an existing module object with the given name in "
":data:`sys.modules`, the loader must use that existing module. (Otherwise, "
":func:`importlib.reload` will not work correctly.) If the named module does"
" not exist in :data:`sys.modules`, the loader must create a new module "
"object and add it to :data:`sys.modules`."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:456
msgid ""
"The module *must* exist in :data:`sys.modules` before the loader executes "
"the module code, to prevent unbounded recursion or multiple loading."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:460
msgid ""
"If loading fails, the loader must remove any modules it has inserted into "
":data:`sys.modules`, but it must remove **only** the failing module(s), and "
"only if the loader itself has loaded the module(s) explicitly."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:465
msgid ""
"A :exc:`DeprecationWarning` is raised when ``exec_module()`` is defined but "
"``create_module()`` is not."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:469
msgid ""
"An :exc:`ImportError` is raised when ``exec_module()`` is defined but "
"``create_module()`` is not."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:474
msgid "Submodules"
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:476
msgid ""
"When a submodule is loaded using any mechanism (e.g. ``importlib`` APIs, the"
" ``import`` or ``import-from`` statements, or built-in ``__import__()``) a "
"binding is placed in the parent module's namespace to the submodule object. "
"For example, if package ``spam`` has a submodule ``foo``, after importing "
"``spam.foo``, ``spam`` will have an attribute ``foo`` which is bound to the "
"submodule. Let's say you have the following directory structure::"
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:487
msgid "and ``spam/__init__.py`` has the following line in it::"
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:491
msgid ""
"then executing the following puts name bindings for ``foo`` and ``Foo`` in "
"the ``spam`` module::"
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:500
msgid ""
"Given Python's familiar name binding rules this might seem surprising, but "
"it's actually a fundamental feature of the import system. The invariant "
"holding is that if you have ``sys.modules['spam']`` and "
"``sys.modules['spam.foo']`` (as you would after the above import), the "
"latter must appear as the ``foo`` attribute of the former."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:507
msgid "Module spec"
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:509
msgid ""
"The import machinery uses a variety of information about each module during "
"import, especially before loading. Most of the information is common to all"
" modules. The purpose of a module's spec is to encapsulate this import-"
"related information on a per-module basis."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:514
msgid ""
"Using a spec during import allows state to be transferred between import "
"system components, e.g. between the finder that creates the module spec and "
"the loader that executes it. Most importantly, it allows the import "
"machinery to perform the boilerplate operations of loading, whereas without "
"a module spec the loader had that responsibility."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:520
msgid ""
"The module's spec is exposed as the ``__spec__`` attribute on a module "
"object. See :class:`~importlib.machinery.ModuleSpec` for details on the "
"contents of the module spec."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:529
msgid "Import-related module attributes"
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:531
msgid ""
"The import machinery fills in these attributes on each module object during "
"loading, based on the module's spec, before the loader executes the module."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:537
msgid ""
"The ``__name__`` attribute must be set to the fully-qualified name of the "
"module. This name is used to uniquely identify the module in the import "
"system."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:543
msgid ""
"The ``__loader__`` attribute must be set to the loader object that the "
"import machinery used when loading the module. This is mostly for "
"introspection, but can be used for additional loader-specific functionality,"
" for example getting data associated with a loader."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:550
msgid ""
"The module's ``__package__`` attribute must be set. Its value must be a "
"string, but it can be the same value as its ``__name__``. When the module "
"is a package, its ``__package__`` value should be set to its ``__name__``. "
"When the module is not a package, ``__package__`` should be set to the empty"
" string for top-level modules, or for submodules, to the parent package's "
"name. See :pep:`366` for further details."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:558
msgid ""
"This attribute is used instead of ``__name__`` to calculate explicit "
"relative imports for main modules, as defined in :pep:`366`. It is expected "
"to have the same value as ``__spec__.parent``."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:562
msgid ""
"The value of ``__package__`` is expected to be the same as "
"``__spec__.parent``."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:568
msgid ""
"The ``__spec__`` attribute must be set to the module spec that was used when"
" importing the module. Setting ``__spec__`` appropriately applies equally to"
" :ref:`modules initialized during interpreter startup <programs>`. The one "
"exception is ``__main__``, where ``__spec__`` is :ref:`set to None in some "
"cases <main_spec>`."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:574
msgid ""
"When ``__package__`` is not defined, ``__spec__.parent`` is used as a "
"fallback."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:579
msgid ""
"``__spec__.parent`` is used as a fallback when ``__package__`` is not "
"defined."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:585
msgid ""
"If the module is a package (either regular or namespace), the module "
"object's ``__path__`` attribute must be set. The value must be iterable, "
"but may be empty if ``__path__`` has no further significance. If "
"``__path__`` is not empty, it must produce strings when iterated over. More "
"details on the semantics of ``__path__`` are given :ref:`below <package-"
"path-rules>`."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:592
msgid "Non-package modules should not have a ``__path__`` attribute."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:597
msgid ""
"``__file__`` is optional. If set, this attribute's value must be a string. "
"The import system may opt to leave ``__file__`` unset if it has no semantic "
"meaning (e.g. a module loaded from a database)."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:601
msgid ""
"If ``__file__`` is set, it may also be appropriate to set the ``__cached__``"
" attribute which is the path to any compiled version of the code (e.g. byte-"
"compiled file). The file does not need to exist to set this attribute; the "
"path can simply point to where the compiled file would exist (see "
":pep:`3147`)."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:607
msgid ""
"It is also appropriate to set ``__cached__`` when ``__file__`` is not set. "
"However, that scenario is quite atypical. Ultimately, the loader is what "
"makes use of ``__file__`` and/or ``__cached__``. So if a loader can load "
"from a cached module but otherwise does not load from a file, that atypical "
"scenario may be appropriate."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:616
msgid "module.__path__"
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:618
msgid ""
"By definition, if a module has a ``__path__`` attribute, it is a package."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:620
msgid ""
"A package's ``__path__`` attribute is used during imports of its "
"subpackages. Within the import machinery, it functions much the same as "
":data:`sys.path`, i.e. providing a list of locations to search for modules "
"during import. However, ``__path__`` is typically much more constrained than"
" :data:`sys.path`."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:626
msgid ""
"``__path__`` must be an iterable of strings, but it may be empty. The same "
"rules used for :data:`sys.path` also apply to a package's ``__path__``, and "
":data:`sys.path_hooks` (described below) are consulted when traversing a "
"package's ``__path__``."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:631
msgid ""
"A package's ``__init__.py`` file may set or alter the package's ``__path__``"
" attribute, and this was typically the way namespace packages were "
"implemented prior to :pep:`420`. With the adoption of :pep:`420`, namespace"
" packages no longer need to supply ``__init__.py`` files containing only "
"``__path__`` manipulation code; the import machinery automatically sets "
"``__path__`` correctly for the namespace package."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:639
msgid "Module reprs"
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:641
msgid ""
"By default, all modules have a usable repr, however depending on the "
"attributes set above, and in the module's spec, you can more explicitly "
"control the repr of module objects."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:645
msgid ""
"If the module has a spec (``__spec__``), the import machinery will try to "
"generate a repr from it. If that fails or there is no spec, the import "
"system will craft a default repr using whatever information is available on "
"the module. It will try to use the ``module.__name__``, "
"``module.__file__``, and ``module.__loader__`` as input into the repr, with "
"defaults for whatever information is missing."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:652
msgid "Here are the exact rules used:"
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:654
msgid ""
"If the module has a ``__spec__`` attribute, the information in the spec is "
"used to generate the repr. The \"name\", \"loader\", \"origin\", and "
"\"has_location\" attributes are consulted."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:658
msgid ""
"If the module has a ``__file__`` attribute, this is used as part of the "
"module's repr."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:661
msgid ""
"If the module has no ``__file__`` but does have a ``__loader__`` that is not"
" ``None``, then the loader's repr is used as part of the module's repr."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:664
msgid "Otherwise, just use the module's ``__name__`` in the repr."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:666
msgid ""
"Use of :meth:`loader.module_repr() <importlib.abc.Loader.module_repr>` has "
"been deprecated and the module spec is now used by the import machinery to "
"generate a module repr."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:671
msgid ""
"For backward compatibility with Python 3.3, the module repr will be "
"generated by calling the loader's :meth:`~importlib.abc.Loader.module_repr` "
"method, if defined, before trying either approach described above. However,"
" the method is deprecated."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:679
msgid "Cached bytecode invalidation"
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:681
msgid ""
"Before Python loads cached bytecode from a ``.pyc`` file, it checks whether "
"the cache is up-to-date with the source ``.py`` file. By default, Python "
"does this by storing the source's last-modified timestamp and size in the "
"cache file when writing it. At runtime, the import system then validates the"
" cache file by checking the stored metadata in the cache file against the "
"source's metadata."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:688
msgid ""
"Python also supports \"hash-based\" cache files, which store a hash of the "
"source file's contents rather than its metadata. There are two variants of "
"hash-based ``.pyc`` files: checked and unchecked. For checked hash-based "
"``.pyc`` files, Python validates the cache file by hashing the source file "
"and comparing the resulting hash with the hash in the cache file. If a "
"checked hash-based cache file is found to be invalid, Python regenerates it "
"and writes a new checked hash-based cache file. For unchecked hash-based "
"``.pyc`` files, Python simply assumes the cache file is valid if it exists. "
"Hash-based ``.pyc`` files validation behavior may be overridden with the "
":option:`--check-hash-based-pycs` flag."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:699
msgid ""
"Added hash-based ``.pyc`` files. Previously, Python only supported "
"timestamp-based invalidation of bytecode caches."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:705
msgid "The Path Based Finder"
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:710
msgid ""
"As mentioned previously, Python comes with several default meta path "
"finders. One of these, called the :term:`path based finder` "
"(:class:`~importlib.machinery.PathFinder`), searches an :term:`import path`,"
" which contains a list of :term:`path entries <path entry>`. Each path "
"entry names a location to search for modules."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:716
msgid ""
"The path based finder itself doesn't know how to import anything. Instead, "
"it traverses the individual path entries, associating each of them with a "
"path entry finder that knows how to handle that particular kind of path."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:720
msgid ""
"The default set of path entry finders implement all the semantics for "
"finding modules on the file system, handling special file types such as "
"Python source code (``.py`` files), Python byte code (``.pyc`` files) and "
"shared libraries (e.g. ``.so`` files). When supported by the "
":mod:`zipimport` module in the standard library, the default path entry "
"finders also handle loading all of these file types (other than shared "
"libraries) from zipfiles."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:727
msgid ""
"Path entries need not be limited to file system locations. They can refer "
"to URLs, database queries, or any other location that can be specified as a "
"string."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:731
msgid ""
"The path based finder provides additional hooks and protocols so that you "
"can extend and customize the types of searchable path entries. For example,"
" if you wanted to support path entries as network URLs, you could write a "
"hook that implements HTTP semantics to find modules on the web. This hook "
"(a callable) would return a :term:`path entry finder` supporting the "
"protocol described below, which was then used to get a loader for the module"
" from the web."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:739
msgid ""
"A word of warning: this section and the previous both use the term *finder*,"
" distinguishing between them by using the terms :term:`meta path finder` and"
" :term:`path entry finder`. These two types of finders are very similar, "
"support similar protocols, and function in similar ways during the import "
"process, but it's important to keep in mind that they are subtly different. "
"In particular, meta path finders operate at the beginning of the import "
"process, as keyed off the :data:`sys.meta_path` traversal."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:747
msgid ""
"By contrast, path entry finders are in a sense an implementation detail of "
"the path based finder, and in fact, if the path based finder were to be "
"removed from :data:`sys.meta_path`, none of the path entry finder semantics "
"would be invoked."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:754
msgid "Path entry finders"
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:762
msgid ""
"The :term:`path based finder` is responsible for finding and loading Python "
"modules and packages whose location is specified with a string :term:`path "
"entry`. Most path entries name locations in the file system, but they need "
"not be limited to this."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:767
msgid ""
"As a meta path finder, the :term:`path based finder` implements the "
":meth:`~importlib.abc.MetaPathFinder.find_spec` protocol previously "
"described, however it exposes additional hooks that can be used to customize"
" how modules are found and loaded from the :term:`import path`."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/import.rst:772
msgid ""
"Three variables are used by the :term:`path based finder`, :data:`sys.path`,"
" :data:`sys.path_hooks` and :data:`sys.path_importer_cache`. The "
"``__path__`` attributes on package objects are also used. These provide "
"additional ways that the import machinery can be customized."
msgstr ""