python-docs-pt-br/c-api/memory.po at 2.7 · python/python-docs-pt-br

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# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE.
# Copyright (C) 1990-2020, Python Software Foundation
# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package.
# Translators:
"Project-Id-Version: Python 2.7\n"
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"POT-Creation-Date: 2020-02-09 18:46+0900\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2018-06-20 04:47+0000\n"
"Last-Translator: tomo\n"
"Language-Team: Portuguese (Brazil) (http://www.transifex.com/python-doc/"
"python-27/language/pt_BR/)\n"
"Language: pt_BR\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
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"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n > 1);\n"
#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:8
msgid "Memory Management"
msgstr "Gerenciamento de Memória"
#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:17
msgid "Overview"
msgstr "Visão Geral"
#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:19
"Memory management in Python involves a private heap containing all Python "
"objects and data structures. The management of this private heap is ensured "
"internally by the *Python memory manager*.  The Python memory manager has "
"different components which deal with various dynamic storage management "
"aspects, like sharing, segmentation, preallocation or caching."
#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:25
"At the lowest level, a raw memory allocator ensures that there is enough "
"room in the private heap for storing all Python-related data by interacting "
"with the memory manager of the operating system. On top of the raw memory "
"allocator, several object-specific allocators operate on the same heap and "
"implement distinct memory management policies adapted to the peculiarities "
"of every object type. For example, integer objects are managed differently "
"within the heap than strings, tuples or dictionaries because integers imply "
"different storage requirements and speed/space tradeoffs. The Python memory "
"manager thus delegates some of the work to the object-specific allocators, "
"but ensures that the latter operate within the bounds of the private heap."
#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:36
"It is important to understand that the management of the Python heap is "
"performed by the interpreter itself and that the user has no control over "
"it, even if they regularly manipulate object pointers to memory blocks "
"inside that heap.  The allocation of heap space for Python objects and other "
"internal buffers is performed on demand by the Python memory manager through "
"the Python/C API functions listed in this document."
#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:49
"To avoid memory corruption, extension writers should never try to operate on "
"Python objects with the functions exported by the C library: :c:func:"
"`malloc`, :c:func:`calloc`, :c:func:`realloc` and :c:func:`free`.  This will "
"result in  mixed calls between the C allocator and the Python memory manager "
"with fatal consequences, because they implement different algorithms and "
"operate on different heaps.  However, one may safely allocate and release "
"memory blocks with the C library allocator for individual purposes, as shown "
"in the following example::"
#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:68
"In this example, the memory request for the I/O buffer is handled by the C "
"library allocator. The Python memory manager is involved only in the "
"allocation of the string object returned as a result."
#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:72
"In most situations, however, it is recommended to allocate memory from the "
"Python heap specifically because the latter is under control of the Python "
"memory manager. For example, this is required when the interpreter is "
"extended with new object types written in C. Another reason for using the "
"Python heap is the desire to *inform* the Python memory manager about the "
"memory needs of the extension module. Even when the requested memory is used "
"exclusively for internal, highly-specific purposes, delegating all memory "
"requests to the Python memory manager causes the interpreter to have a more "
"accurate image of its memory footprint as a whole. Consequently, under "
"certain circumstances, the Python memory manager may or may not trigger "
"appropriate actions, like garbage collection, memory compaction or other "
"preventive procedures. Note that by using the C library allocator as shown "
"in the previous example, the allocated memory for the I/O buffer escapes "
"completely the Python memory manager."
#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:90
msgid "Memory Interface"
msgstr "Interface da Memória"
#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:92
"The following function sets, modeled after the ANSI C standard, but "
"specifying behavior when requesting zero bytes, are available for allocating "
"and releasing memory from the Python heap:"
#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:99
"Allocates *n* bytes and returns a pointer of type :c:type:`void\\*` to the "
"allocated memory, or *NULL* if the request fails. Requesting zero bytes "
"returns a distinct non-*NULL* pointer if possible, as if ``PyMem_Malloc(1)`` "
"had been called instead. The memory will not have been initialized in any "
#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:107
"Resizes the memory block pointed to by *p* to *n* bytes. The contents will "
"be unchanged to the minimum of the old and the new sizes. If *p* is *NULL*, "
"the call is equivalent to ``PyMem_Malloc(n)``; else if *n* is equal to zero, "
"the memory block is resized but is not freed, and the returned pointer is "
"non-*NULL*.  Unless *p* is *NULL*, it must have been returned by a previous "
"call to :c:func:`PyMem_Malloc` or :c:func:`PyMem_Realloc`. If the request "
"fails, :c:func:`PyMem_Realloc` returns *NULL* and *p* remains a valid "
"pointer to the previous memory area."
#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:119
"Frees the memory block pointed to by *p*, which must have been returned by a "
"previous call to :c:func:`PyMem_Malloc` or :c:func:`PyMem_Realloc`.  "
"Otherwise, or if ``PyMem_Free(p)`` has been called before, undefined "
"behavior occurs. If *p* is *NULL*, no operation is performed."
#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:124
"The following type-oriented macros are provided for convenience.  Note  that "
"*TYPE* refers to any C type."
#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:130
"Same as :c:func:`PyMem_Malloc`, but allocates ``(n * sizeof(TYPE))`` bytes "
"of memory.  Returns a pointer cast to :c:type:`TYPE\\*`.  The memory will "
"not have been initialized in any way."
#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:137
"Same as :c:func:`PyMem_Realloc`, but the memory block is resized to ``(n * "
"sizeof(TYPE))`` bytes.  Returns a pointer cast to :c:type:`TYPE\\*`. On "
"return, *p* will be a pointer to the new memory area, or *NULL* in the event "
"of failure.  This is a C preprocessor macro; p is always reassigned.  Save "
"the original value of p to avoid losing memory when handling errors."
#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:146
msgid "Same as :c:func:`PyMem_Free`."
#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:148
"In addition, the following macro sets are provided for calling the Python "
"memory allocator directly, without involving the C API functions listed "
"above. However, note that their use does not preserve binary compatibility "
"across Python versions and is therefore deprecated in extension modules."
#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:153
msgid ":c:func:`PyMem_MALLOC`, :c:func:`PyMem_REALLOC`, :c:func:`PyMem_FREE`."
#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:155
msgid ":c:func:`PyMem_NEW`, :c:func:`PyMem_RESIZE`, :c:func:`PyMem_DEL`."
#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:159
msgid "Object allocators"
msgstr "Alocadores de objeto"
#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:161
"The following function sets, modeled after the ANSI C standard, but "
"specifying behavior when requesting zero bytes, are available for allocating "
"and releasing memory from the Python heap."
#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:165
"By default, these functions use :ref:`pymalloc memory allocator <pymalloc>`."
#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:169
"The :term:`GIL <global interpreter lock>` must be held when using these "
"functions."
#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:174
"Allocates *n* bytes and returns a pointer of type :c:type:`void\\*` to the "
"allocated memory, or *NULL* if the request fails."
#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:177
"Requesting zero bytes returns a distinct non-*NULL* pointer if possible, as "
"if ``PyObject_Malloc(1)`` had been called instead. The memory will not have "
"been initialized in any way."
#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:184
"Resizes the memory block pointed to by *p* to *n* bytes. The contents will "
"be unchanged to the minimum of the old and the new sizes."
#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:187
"If *p* is *NULL*, the call is equivalent to ``PyObject_Malloc(n)``; else if "
"*n* is equal to zero, the memory block is resized but is not freed, and the "
"returned pointer is non-*NULL*."
#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:191
"Unless *p* is *NULL*, it must have been returned by a previous call to :c:"
"func:`PyObject_Malloc`, :c:func:`PyObject_Realloc` or :c:func:"
"`PyObject_Calloc`."
#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:194
"If the request fails, :c:func:`PyObject_Realloc` returns *NULL* and *p* "
"remains a valid pointer to the previous memory area."
#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:200
"Frees the memory block pointed to by *p*, which must have been returned by a "
"previous call to :c:func:`PyObject_Malloc`, :c:func:`PyObject_Realloc` or :c:"
"func:`PyObject_Calloc`.  Otherwise, or if ``PyObject_Free(p)`` has been "
"called before, undefined behavior occurs."
#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:205
msgid "If *p* is *NULL*, no operation is performed."
#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:208
msgid "In addition, the following macro sets are provided:"
#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:210
msgid ":c:func:`PyObject_MALLOC`: alias to :c:func:`PyObject_Malloc`"
#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:211
msgid ":c:func:`PyObject_REALLOC`: alias to :c:func:`PyObject_Realloc`"
#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:212
msgid ":c:func:`PyObject_FREE`: alias to :c:func:`PyObject_Free`"
#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:213
msgid ":c:func:`PyObject_Del`: alias to :c:func:`PyObject_Free`"
#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:214
":c:func:`PyObject_DEL`: alias to :c:func:`PyObject_FREE` (so finally an "
"alias to :c:func:`PyObject_Free`)"
#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:221
msgid "The pymalloc allocator"
#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:223
"Python has a *pymalloc* allocator optimized for small objects (smaller or "
"equal to 512 bytes) with a short lifetime. It uses memory mappings called "
"\"arenas\" with a fixed size of 256 KiB. It falls back to :c:func:`malloc` "
"and :c:func:`realloc` for allocations larger than 512 bytes."
#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:228
msgid "*pymalloc* is the default allocator of :c:func:`PyObject_Malloc`."
#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:230
msgid "The arena allocator uses the following functions:"
#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:232
msgid ":c:func:`mmap` and :c:func:`munmap` if available,"
msgstr ":c:func:`mmap` e :c:func:`munmap` se disponível,"
#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:233
msgid ":c:func:`malloc` and :c:func:`free` otherwise."
msgstr ":c:func:`malloc` e :c:func:`free` do contrário."
#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:235
"The threshold changed from 256 to 512 bytes. The arena allocator now uses :c:"
"func:`mmap` if available."
#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:243
msgid "Examples"
msgstr "Exemplos"
#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:245
"Here is the example from section :ref:`memoryoverview`, rewritten so that "
"the I/O buffer is allocated from the Python heap by using the first function "
#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:258
msgid "The same code using the type-oriented function set::"
#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:270
"Note that in the two examples above, the buffer is always manipulated via "
"functions belonging to the same set. Indeed, it is required to use the same "
"memory API family for a given memory block, so that the risk of mixing "
"different allocators is reduced to a minimum. The following code sequence "
"contains two errors, one of which is labeled as *fatal* because it mixes two "
"different allocators operating on different heaps. ::"
#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:285
"In addition to the functions aimed at handling raw memory blocks from the "
"Python heap, objects in Python are allocated and released with :c:func:"
"`PyObject_New`, :c:func:`PyObject_NewVar` and :c:func:`PyObject_Del`."
#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:289
"These will be explained in the next chapter on defining and implementing new "
"object types in C."
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