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# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE.
# Copyright (C) 2001 Python Software Foundation
# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package.
# FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR.
#
# Translators:
# qqfunc, 2026
# Cheesecake, 2026
# python-doc bot, 2026
#
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.15\n"
"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2026-09-11 17:24+0000\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2025-09-16 00:02+0000\n"
"Last-Translator: python-doc bot, 2026\n"
"Language-Team: Japanese (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/"
"ja/)\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
"Language: ja\n"
"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:4
msgid "What's New In Python 3.12"
msgstr "What's New In Python 3.12"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:0
msgid "Editor"
msgstr "編集者"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:6
msgid "Adam Turner"
msgstr "Adam Turner"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:48
msgid ""
"This article explains the new features in Python 3.12, compared to 3.11. "
"Python 3.12 was released on October 2, 2023. For full details, see the :ref:"
"`changelog <changelog>`."
msgstr ""
"この記事では Python 3.11 と比較した Python 3.12 の新機能を解説します。Python "
"3.12 は2023年10月2日にリリースされました。全詳細については :ref:`変更履歴 "
"<changelog>` をご覧ください。"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:54
msgid ":pep:`693` -- Python 3.12 Release Schedule"
msgstr ":pep:`693` -- Python 3.12 リリーススケジュール"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:57
msgid "Summary -- Release highlights"
msgstr "概要 -- リリースハイライト"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:62
msgid ""
"Python 3.12 is a stable release of the Python programming language, with a "
"mix of changes to the language and the standard library. The library changes "
"focus on cleaning up deprecated APIs, usability, and correctness. Of note, "
"the :mod:`!distutils` package has been removed from the standard library. "
"Filesystem support in :mod:`os` and :mod:`pathlib` has seen a number of "
"improvements, and several modules have better performance."
msgstr ""
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:69
msgid ""
"The language changes focus on usability, as :term:`f-strings <f-string>` "
"have had many limitations removed and 'Did you mean ...' suggestions "
"continue to improve. The new :ref:`type parameter syntax <whatsnew312-"
"pep695>` and :keyword:`type` statement improve ergonomics for using :term:"
"`generic types <generic type>` and :term:`type aliases <type alias>` with "
"static type checkers."
msgstr ""
":term:`f-strings <f-string>` は多くの制限が取り除かれ、 'Did you mean ...' サ"
"ジェストも改善され続けています。新しい :ref:`型パラメータの構文 <whatsnew312-"
"pep695>` と :keyword:`type` 文は、 :term:`ジェネリック <generic type>` と :"
"term:`型エイリアス <type alias>` を静的型チェッカーで使用する際の人間工学を改"
"善します。"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:76
msgid ""
"This article doesn't attempt to provide a complete specification of all new "
"features, but instead gives a convenient overview. For full details, you "
"should refer to the documentation, such as the :ref:`Library Reference "
"<library-index>` and :ref:`Language Reference <reference-index>`. If you "
"want to understand the complete implementation and design rationale for a "
"change, refer to the PEP for a particular new feature; but note that PEPs "
"usually are not kept up-to-date once a feature has been fully implemented."
msgstr ""
"この記事は全ての新機能の完全な仕様を提供しようとするものではなく、便利な概要"
"について説明をするものです。\n"
"全詳細については、 :ref:`ライブラリリファレンス <library-index>` や :ref:`言"
"語リファレンス <reference-index>` などのドキュメントを参照してください。\n"
"変更の実装や設計原理について完全に理解したい場合は、特定の新機能の PEP を参照"
"してください。\n"
"しかし、一旦機能が完全に実装されると、普通 PEP は最新の状態に保たれないことに"
"注意してください。"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:90
msgid "New syntax features:"
msgstr "新たな構文機能:"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:92
msgid ""
":ref:`PEP 695 <whatsnew312-pep695>`, type parameter syntax and the :keyword:"
"`type` statement"
msgstr ""
":ref:`PEP 695 <whatsnew312-pep695>`, 型パラメータの構文と :keyword:`type` 文"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:94
msgid "New grammar features:"
msgstr "新たな文法機能:"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:96
msgid ""
":ref:`PEP 701 <whatsnew312-pep701>`, :term:`f-strings <f-string>` in the "
"grammar"
msgstr ""
":ref:`PEP 701 <whatsnew312-pep701>`, 文法の中の :term:`f-strings <f-string>`"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:98
msgid "Interpreter improvements:"
msgstr "インタープリタの改善:"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:100
msgid ""
":ref:`PEP 684 <whatsnew312-pep684>`, a unique per-interpreter :term:`GIL "
"<global interpreter lock>`"
msgstr ""
":ref:`PEP 684 <whatsnew312-pep684>`, インタープリタごとのユニークな :term:"
"`GIL <global interpreter lock>`"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:102
msgid ":ref:`PEP 669 <whatsnew312-pep669>`, low impact monitoring"
msgstr ":ref:`PEP 669 <whatsnew312-pep669>`, 低影響なモニタリング"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:103
msgid ""
"`Improved 'Did you mean ...' suggestions <improved error messages_>`_ for :"
"exc:`NameError`, :exc:`ImportError`, and :exc:`SyntaxError` exceptions"
msgstr ""
":exc:`NameError`, :exc:`ImportError`, :exc:`SyntaxError` 例外に対する `'Did "
"you mean ...' サジェストを改善 <improved error messages_>`_ しました"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:106
msgid "Python data model improvements:"
msgstr "Python のデータモデルの改善:"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:108
msgid ""
":ref:`PEP 688 <whatsnew312-pep688>`, using the :ref:`buffer protocol "
"<bufferobjects>` from Python"
msgstr ""
":ref:`PEP 688 <whatsnew312-pep688>`, Python の :ref:`バッファプロトコル "
"<bufferobjects>` を使用します"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:111
msgid "Significant improvements in the standard library:"
msgstr "標準ライブラリーの顕著な改善"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:113
msgid "The :class:`pathlib.Path` class now supports subclassing"
msgstr ""
":class:`pathlib.Path` クラスがサブクラス化をサポートするようになりました"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:114
msgid "The :mod:`os` module received several improvements for Windows support"
msgstr ""
":mod:`os` モジュールは Windows サポートのためにいくつかの改良が加えられました"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:115
msgid ""
"A :ref:`command-line interface <sqlite3-cli>` has been added to the :mod:"
"`sqlite3` module"
msgstr ""
":mod:`sqlite3` モジュールに :ref:`コマンドライン・インターフェース <sqlite3-"
"cli>` が追加されました"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:117
msgid ""
":func:`isinstance` checks against :func:`runtime-checkable protocols <typing."
"runtime_checkable>` enjoy a speed up of between two and 20 times"
msgstr ""
":func:`runtime-checkable プロトコル <typing.runtime_checkable>` に対する :"
"func:`isinstance` のチェックは、2倍～20倍のスピードアップを実現します"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:119
msgid ""
"The :mod:`asyncio` package has had a number of performance improvements, "
"with some benchmarks showing a 75% speed up."
msgstr ""
":mod:`asyncio` パッケージは多くのパフォーマンスを向上させ、いくつかのベンチ"
"マークでは75%のスピードアップを示しました。"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:121
msgid ""
"A :ref:`command-line interface <uuid-cli>` has been added to the :mod:`uuid` "
"module"
msgstr ""
":mod:`uuid` モジュールに :ref:`コマンドライン・インターフェース <uuid-cli>` "
"が追加されました"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:123
msgid ""
"Due to the changes in :ref:`PEP 701 <whatsnew312-pep701>`, producing tokens "
"via the :mod:`tokenize` module is up to 64% faster."
msgstr ""
":ref:`PEP 701 <whatsnew312-pep701>` の変更により、 :mod:`tokenize` モジュール"
"によるトークンの生成は最大で64%速くなりました。"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:126
msgid "Security improvements:"
msgstr "セキュリティの改善:"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:128
msgid ""
"Replace the builtin :mod:`hashlib` implementations of SHA1, SHA3, SHA2-384, "
"SHA2-512, and MD5 with formally verified code from the `HACL* <https://"
"github.com/hacl-star/hacl-star/>`__ project. These builtin implementations "
"remain as fallbacks that are only used when OpenSSL does not provide them."
msgstr ""
"組み込みの :mod:`hashlib` による SHA1, SHA3, SHA2-384, SHA2-512, MD5 の実装"
"を、 `HACL* <https://github.com/hacl-star/hacl-star/>`__ プロジェクトから正式"
"に検証されたコードに置き換えます。これらの組み込み実装は、 OpenSSL がそれらを"
"提供しない場合にのみ使用されるフォールバックとして残ります。"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:134
msgid "C API improvements:"
msgstr "C API の改善:"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:136
msgid ":ref:`PEP 697 <whatsnew312-pep697>`, unstable C API tier"
msgstr ":ref:`PEP 697 <whatsnew312-pep697>`, 不安定な C API 層"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:137
msgid ":ref:`PEP 683 <whatsnew312-pep683>`, immortal objects"
msgstr ":ref:`PEP 683 <whatsnew312-pep683>`, 不変オブジェクト"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:139
msgid "CPython implementation improvements:"
msgstr "CPython の実装の改善:"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:141
msgid ":ref:`PEP 709 <whatsnew312-pep709>`, comprehension inlining"
msgstr ":ref:`PEP 709 <whatsnew312-pep709>`, 内包表記のインライン化"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:142
msgid ":ref:`CPython support <perf_profiling>` for the Linux ``perf`` profiler"
msgstr "Linux ``perf`` プロファイラの :ref:`CPython サポート <perf_profiling>`"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:143
msgid "Implement stack overflow protection on supported platforms"
msgstr ""
"サポートされているプラットフォームでスタック・オーバーフロー保護を実装します"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:145
msgid "New typing features:"
msgstr "新しい型ヒントの機能:"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:147
msgid ""
":ref:`PEP 692 <whatsnew312-pep692>`, using :class:`~typing.TypedDict` to "
"annotate :term:`**kwargs <argument>`"
msgstr ""
":ref:`PEP 692 <whatsnew312-pep692>`, :class:`~typing.TypedDict` を使用して :"
"term:`**kwargs <argument>` をアノテートします"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:149
msgid ":ref:`PEP 698 <whatsnew312-pep698>`, :deco:`typing.override` decorator"
msgstr ""
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:151
msgid "Important deprecations, removals or restrictions:"
msgstr "重要な非推奨化、削除または制限:"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:153
msgid ""
":pep:`623`: Remove ``wstr`` from Unicode objects in Python's C API, reducing "
"the size of every :class:`str` object by at least 8 bytes."
msgstr ""
":pep:`623`: Python の C API の Unicode オブジェクトから ``wstr`` を削除し、全"
"ての :class:`str` オブジェクトのサイズを少なくとも 8 バイト減らします"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:156
msgid ""
":pep:`632`: Remove the :mod:`!distutils` package. See :pep:`the migration "
"guide <0632#migration-advice>` for advice replacing the APIs it provided. "
"The third-party `Setuptools <https://setuptools.pypa.io/en/latest/deprecated/"
"distutils-legacy.html>`__ package continues to provide :mod:`!distutils`, if "
"you still require it in Python 3.12 and beyond."
msgstr ""
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:163
msgid ""
":gh:`95299`: Do not pre-install ``setuptools`` in virtual environments "
"created with :mod:`venv`. This means that ``distutils``, ``setuptools``, "
"``pkg_resources``, and ``easy_install`` will no longer available by default; "
"to access these run ``pip install setuptools`` in the :ref:`activated <venv-"
"explanation>` virtual environment."
msgstr ""
":gh:`95299`: :mod:`venv` で作成された仮想環境には ``setuptools`` をプリインス"
"トールしません。これは ``distutils``, ``setuptools``, ``pkg_resources``, "
"``easy_install`` がデフォルトでは利用できなることを意味します。これらを利用す"
"るには、 :ref:`有効化された <venv-explanation>` 仮想環境で ``pip install "
"setuptools`` を実行してください。"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:170
msgid ""
"The :mod:`!asynchat`, :mod:`!asyncore`, and :mod:`!imp` modules have been "
"removed, along with several :class:`unittest.TestCase` `method aliases "
"<unittest-TestCase-removed-aliases_>`_."
msgstr ""
":mod:`!asynchat`, :mod:`!asyncore`, :mod:`!imp` モジュールが、いくつかの :"
"class:`unittest.TestCase` `メソッドのエイリアス <unittest-TestCase-removed-"
"aliases_>`_ と共に削除されました。"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:176 ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1860
msgid "New Features"
msgstr "新しい機能"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:181
msgid "PEP 695: Type Parameter Syntax"
msgstr "PEP 695: 型パラメータの構文"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:183
msgid ""
"Generic classes and functions under :pep:`484` were declared using a verbose "
"syntax that left the scope of type parameters unclear and required explicit "
"declarations of variance."
msgstr ""
":pep:`484` のジェネリッククラスと関数は、型パラメータのスコープが不明確なまま"
"冗長な構文を使用して宣言されており、差異の明示的な宣言が必要でした。"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:187
msgid ""
":pep:`695` introduces a new, more compact and explicit way to create :ref:"
"`generic classes <generic-classes>` and :ref:`functions <generic-"
"functions>`::"
msgstr ""
":pep:`695` は :ref:`ジェネリッククラス <generuc-classes>` と :ref:`関数 "
"<generic-functions>` を作成するための、よりコンパクトで明示的な新しい方法を紹"
"介します::"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:190
msgid ""
"def max[T](args: Iterable[T]) -> T:\n"
" ...\n"
"\n"
"class list[T]:\n"
" def __getitem__(self, index: int, /) -> T:\n"
" ...\n"
"\n"
" def append(self, element: T) -> None:\n"
" ..."
msgstr ""
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:200
msgid ""
"In addition, the PEP introduces a new way to declare :ref:`type aliases "
"<type-aliases>` using the :keyword:`type` statement, which creates an "
"instance of :class:`~typing.TypeAliasType`::"
msgstr ""
"さらに、 PEP では :ref:`型エイリアス <type-aliases>` を宣言する新しい方法が導"
"入されました。 :keyword:`type` 文を使用し、 :class:`~typing.TypeAliasType` の"
"インスタンスを作成します::"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:204
msgid "type Point = tuple[float, float]"
msgstr ""
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:206
msgid "Type aliases can also be :ref:`generic <generic-type-aliases>`::"
msgstr ""
"型エイリアスは :ref:`ジェネリック <generic-type-aliases>` とすることもできま"
"す::"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:208
msgid "type Point[T] = tuple[T, T]"
msgstr ""
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:210
msgid ""
"The new syntax allows declaring :class:`~typing.TypeVarTuple` and :class:"
"`~typing.ParamSpec` parameters, as well as :class:`~typing.TypeVar` "
"parameters with bounds or constraints::"
msgstr ""
"新しい構文では、 :class:`~typing.TypeVarTuple` と :class:`~typing.ParamSpec` "
"パラメータ、および :class:`~typing.TypeVar` パラメータに境界や制約を宣言する"
"ことができます::"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:214
msgid ""
"type IntFunc[**P] = Callable[P, int] # ParamSpec\n"
"type LabeledTuple[*Ts] = tuple[str, *Ts] # TypeVarTuple\n"
"type HashableSequence[T: Hashable] = Sequence[T] # TypeVar with bound\n"
"type IntOrStrSequence[T: (int, str)] = Sequence[T] # TypeVar with "
"constraints"
msgstr ""
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:219
msgid ""
"The value of type aliases and the bound and constraints of type variables "
"created through this syntax are evaluated only on demand (see :ref:`lazy "
"evaluation <lazy-evaluation>`). This means type aliases are able to refer to "
"other types defined later in the file."
msgstr ""
"この構文で作成された型エイリアスの値や型変数の境界や制約はオンデマンドで評価"
"されます (:ref:`遅延評価 <lazy-evaluation>` を参照してください)。つまり、型エ"
"イリアスはファイルの後半で定義された他の型を参照することができます。"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:224
msgid ""
"Type parameters declared through a type parameter list are visible within "
"the scope of the declaration and any nested scopes, but not in the outer "
"scope. For example, they can be used in the type annotations for the methods "
"of a generic class or in the class body. However, they cannot be used in the "
"module scope after the class is defined. See :ref:`type-params` for a "
"detailed description of the runtime semantics of type parameters."
msgstr ""
"型パラメータリストを通して宣言された型パラメータは、宣言のスコープと入れ子に"
"なったスコープ内では表示されますが、外側のスコープでは表示されません。例え"
"ば、ジェネリッククラスのメソッドの型アノテーションやクラス本体で使用すること"
"ができます。しかし、クラス定義後にモジュールスコープ内で使用することはできま"
"せん。型パラメータの実行時の解釈の問題に関する詳細な説明は :ref:`type-"
"params` を参照してください。"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:231
msgid ""
"In order to support these scoping semantics, a new kind of scope is "
"introduced, the :ref:`annotation scope <annotation-scopes>`. Annotation "
"scopes behave for the most part like function scopes, but interact "
"differently with enclosing class scopes. In Python 3.13, :term:`annotations "
"<annotation>` will also be evaluated in annotation scopes."
msgstr ""
"このようなスコープの解釈の問題をサポートするために、 :ref:`アノテーションス"
"コープ <annotation-scopes>` という新しいスコープが導入されました。アノテー"
"ションスコープはほとんどの場合関数スコープと同じように動作しますが、外側のク"
"ラススコープとは異なる方法で対話します。 Python 3.13 では、 :term:`アノテー"
"ション <annotation>` もアノテーションスコープで評価されます。"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:237
msgid "See :pep:`695` for more details."
msgstr "より詳しくは :pep:`695` を参照してください。"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:239
msgid ""
"(PEP written by Eric Traut. Implementation by Jelle Zijlstra, Eric Traut, "
"and others in :gh:`103764`.)"
msgstr ""
"(PEP は Eric Traut によって作成されました。実装は Jelle Zijlstra, Eric Traut "
"らによって :gh:`103764` で行われました。)"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:245
msgid "PEP 701: Syntactic formalization of f-strings"
msgstr "PEP 701: f-strings の構文的な形式化"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:247
msgid ""
":pep:`701` lifts some restrictions on the usage of :term:`f-strings <f-"
"string>`. Expression components inside f-strings can now be any valid Python "
"expression, including strings reusing the same quote as the containing f-"
"string, multi-line expressions, comments, backslashes, and unicode escape "
"sequences. Let's cover these in detail:"
msgstr ""
":pep:`701` は :term:`f-strings <f-string>` の使い方の制限をいくつか解除しまし"
"た。 f-string 内の式コンポーネントは有効な Python 式であれば何でも使用できる"
"ようになりました。これには、 f-string を含む文字列と同じ引用符を再利用する文"
"字列、複数行の式、コメント、バックスラッシュ、 Unicode エスケープシーケンスな"
"どが含まれます。これらについて詳しく説明します::"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:253
msgid ""
"Quote reuse: in Python 3.11, reusing the same quotes as the enclosing f-"
"string raises a :exc:`SyntaxError`, forcing the user to either use other "
"available quotes (like using double quotes or triple quotes if the f-string "
"uses single quotes). In Python 3.12, you can now do things like this:"
msgstr ""
"クォートの再利用: Python 3.11 では、 f-string を囲むクォートと同じクォートを"
"再利用すると :exc:`SyntaxError` が発生し、ユーザーは他の利用可能なクォート"
"( f-string がシングルクォートを使用している場合に、ダブルクオートまたはトリプ"
"ルクォートを使用するなど)を使用する必要があります。 Python 3.12 では次のよう"
"なことができるようになりました:"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:262
msgid ""
"Note that before this change there was no explicit limit in how f-strings "
"can be nested, but the fact that string quotes cannot be reused inside the "
"expression component of f-strings made it impossible to nest f-strings "
"arbitrarily. In fact, this is the most nested f-string that could be written:"
msgstr ""
"この変更以前は、 f-string のネスト方法に明示的な制限はありませんでしたが、 f-"
"string の式コンポーネント内で文字列引用符を再利用できないという事実により、 "
"f-string を任意にネストすることが不可能になったことに注意してください。実際、"
"これは記述できる中で最もネストされた f-string です。"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:270
msgid ""
"As now f-strings can contain any valid Python expression inside expression "
"components, it is now possible to nest f-strings arbitrarily:"
msgstr ""
"f-string には式コンポーネント内に任意の有効な Python 式を含めることができるた"
"め、 f-string を任意にネストできるようになりました。"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:276
msgid ""
"Multi-line expressions and comments: In Python 3.11, f-string expressions "
"must be defined in a single line, even if the expression within the f-string "
"could normally span multiple lines (like literal lists being defined over "
"multiple lines), making them harder to read. In Python 3.12 you can now "
"define f-strings spanning multiple lines, and add inline comments:"
msgstr ""
"複数行の式とコメント: Python 3.11 では、 f-string 式は1行で定義されなければい"
"けませんでした。たとえ f-string 式が複数行にまたがっていても(リテラルリストが"
"複数行にわたって定義されている場合など)、読みにくくなります。 Python 3.12 で"
"は、複数行にまたがる f-string を定義し、インラインコメントを追加できるように"
"なりました:"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:290
msgid ""
"Backslashes and unicode characters: before Python 3.12 f-string expressions "
"couldn't contain any ``\\`` character. This also affected unicode :ref:"
"`escape sequences <escape-sequences>` (such as ``\\N{snowman}``) as these "
"contain the ``\\N`` part that previously could not be part of expression "
"components of f-strings. Now, you can define expressions like this:"
msgstr ""
"バックスラッシュと unicode 文字: Python 3.12 以前では f-string 式に ``\\`` 文"
"字を含めることはできませんでした。これは、 unicode :ref:`エスケープシーケン"
"ス <escape-sequences>` ( ``\\N{snowman}`` など)にも影響しました。これは、 "
"unicode のエスケープシーケンスにも影響し、これらは ``\\N`` の部分を含んでいた"
"ため、以前は f-string の式コンポーネントの一部とすることができませんでした。"
"このように式を定義することができます:"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:303
msgid "See :pep:`701` for more details."
msgstr "より詳しくは :pep:`701` を参照してください。"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:305
msgid ""
"As a positive side-effect of how this feature has been implemented (by "
"parsing f-strings with :pep:`the PEG parser <617>`), now error messages for "
"f-strings are more precise and include the exact location of the error. For "
"example, in Python 3.11, the following f-string raises a :exc:`SyntaxError`:"
msgstr ""
"この機能が実装されたことによる良い副作用として( :pep:`PEG パーサ <617>` で f-"
"string を解析することにより)、 f-string のエラーメッセージがより正確になり、"
"エラーの正確な位置が含まれるようになりました。例えば、 Python 3.11 では、以下"
"の f-string は :exc:`SyntaxError` をs送出させます:"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:310
msgid ""
">>> my_string = f\"{x z y}\" + f\"{1 + 1}\"\n"
" File \"<stdin>\", line 1\n"
" (x z y)\n"
" ^^^\n"
"SyntaxError: f-string: invalid syntax. Perhaps you forgot a comma?"
msgstr ""
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:318
msgid ""
"but the error message doesn't include the exact location of the error within "
"the line and also has the expression artificially surrounded by parentheses. "
"In Python 3.12, as f-strings are parsed with the PEG parser, error messages "
"can be more precise and show the entire line:"
msgstr ""
"しかし、エラーメッセージは行内の正確なエラーの位置を含まず、また式が人為的に"
"括弧で囲まれています。 Python 3.12 では、 f-string は PEG パーサで解析される"
"ため、エラーメッセージはより正確になり、行全体が表示されます:"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:322
msgid ""
">>> my_string = f\"{x z y}\" + f\"{1 + 1}\"\n"
" File \"<stdin>\", line 1\n"
" my_string = f\"{x z y}\" + f\"{1 + 1}\"\n"
" ^^^\n"
"SyntaxError: invalid syntax. Perhaps you forgot a comma?"
msgstr ""
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:330
msgid ""
"(Contributed by Pablo Galindo, Batuhan Taskaya, Lysandros Nikolaou, Cristián "
"Maureira-Fredes and Marta Gómez in :gh:`102856`. PEP written by Pablo "
"Galindo, Batuhan Taskaya, Lysandros Nikolaou and Marta Gómez)."
msgstr ""
"(Pablo Galindo, Batuhan Taskaya, Lysandros Nikolaou, Christian Maureira-"
"Fredes, および Marta Gomez によって、 :gh:`102856` で寄稿されました。PEP は "
"Pablo Galindo, Batuhan Taskaya, Lysandros Nikolaou, および Marta Gomez によっ"
"て作成されました)。"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:337
msgid "PEP 684: A Per-Interpreter GIL"
msgstr "PEP 684: インタープリタごとの GIL"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:339
msgid ""
":pep:`684` introduces a per-interpreter :term:`GIL <global interpreter "
"lock>`, so that sub-interpreters may now be created with a unique GIL per "
"interpreter. This allows Python programs to take full advantage of multiple "
"CPU cores. This is currently only available through the C-API, though a "
"Python API is :pep:`anticipated for 3.13 <554>`."
msgstr ""
":pep:`684` ではインタープリタごとの :term:`GIL <global interpreter lock>` が"
"導入され、インタープリタごとの固有の GIL を使用してサブインタープリタを作成で"
"きるようになりました。これにより、 Python プログラムは複数の CPU コアを最大限"
"に活用できるようになります。これは現在 C-API を通じてのみ利用できますが、 "
"Python API は :pep:`3.13 <554>` で利用可能になる予定です。"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:345
msgid ""
"Use the new :c:func:`Py_NewInterpreterFromConfig` function to create an "
"interpreter with its own GIL:"
msgstr ""
"独自の GIL を持つインタープリタを作成するには、新しい :c:func:"
"`Py_NewInterpreterFromConfig` 関数を使います:"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:348
msgid ""
"PyInterpreterConfig config = {\n"
" .check_multi_interp_extensions = 1,\n"
" .gil = PyInterpreterConfig_OWN_GIL,\n"
"};\n"
"PyThreadState *tstate = NULL;\n"
"PyStatus status = Py_NewInterpreterFromConfig(&tstate, &config);\n"
"if (PyStatus_Exception(status)) {\n"
" return -1;\n"
"}\n"
"/* The new interpreter is now active in the current thread. */"
msgstr ""
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:361
msgid ""
"For further examples how to use the C-API for sub-interpreters with a per-"
"interpreter GIL, see ``Modules/_xxsubinterpretersmodule.c``."
msgstr ""
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:364
msgid "(Contributed by Eric Snow in :gh:`104210`, etc.)"
msgstr "(寄稿: Eric Snow, :gh:`104210` ほか)"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:369
msgid "PEP 669: Low impact monitoring for CPython"
msgstr "PEP 669: CPython の低影響モニタリング"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:371
msgid ""
":pep:`669` defines a new :mod:`API <sys.monitoring>` for profilers, "
"debuggers, and other tools to monitor events in CPython. It covers a wide "
"range of events, including calls, returns, lines, exceptions, jumps, and "
"more. This means that you only pay for what you use, providing support for "
"near-zero overhead debuggers and coverage tools. See :mod:`sys.monitoring` "
"for details."
msgstr ""
":pep:`669` は、 CPython でイベントを監視するためのプロファイラ、デバッガー、"
"およびその他のツール用の新しい :mod:`API <sys.monitoring>` を定義します。呼び"
"出し、戻り値、行、例外、ジャンプなどを含む幅広いイベントをカバーします。つま"
"り、使用した分だけ料金を支払い、オーバーヘッドがほぼゼロのデバッガーとカバ"
"レッジツールのサポートを提供します。詳細については :mod:`sys.monitoring` を参"
"照してください。"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:379
msgid "(Contributed by Mark Shannon in :gh:`103082`.)"
msgstr "(Mark Shannon による :gh:`103082` での貢献)"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:384
msgid "PEP 688: Making the buffer protocol accessible in Python"
msgstr "PEP 688: バッファプロトコルを Python で利用可能にする"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:386
msgid ""
":pep:`688` introduces a way to use the :ref:`buffer protocol "
"<bufferobjects>` from Python code. Classes that implement the :meth:`~object."
"__buffer__` method are now usable as buffer types."
msgstr ""
":pep:`688` は Python のコードから :ref:`バッファプロトコル <bufferobjects>` "
"を利用する方法を導入します。 :meth:`~object.__buffer__` メソッドを実装するク"
"ラスは今やバッファ型として利用可能です。"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:390
msgid ""
"The new :class:`collections.abc.Buffer` ABC provides a standard way to "
"represent buffer objects, for example in type annotations. The new :class:"
"`inspect.BufferFlags` enum represents the flags that can be used to "
"customize buffer creation. (Contributed by Jelle Zijlstra in :gh:`102500`.)"
msgstr ""
"新規追加された :class:`collections.abc.Buffer` ABC は、例えば型注釈で、バッ"
"ファオブジェクトを表現する標準的な方法を提供します。新規追加された :class:"
"`inspect.BufferFlags` enum はバッファ生成を調整するフラグを表現します。"
"(Jelle Zijltra による :gh:`102500` での貢献。)"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:399
msgid "PEP 709: Comprehension inlining"
msgstr "PEP 709: 内包表記のインライン化"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:401
msgid ""
"Dictionary, list, and set comprehensions are now inlined, rather than "
"creating a new single-use function object for each execution of the "
"comprehension. This speeds up execution of a comprehension by up to two "
"times. See :pep:`709` for further details."
msgstr ""
"辞書、リスト、そして集合の内包表記は今やインライン化され、内包表記の毎回の実"
"行の度に一度しか使われない関数オブジェクトが新規作成されることはなくなりま"
"す。これにより内包表記の実行は最大２倍速くなります。詳しくは :pep:`709` を参"
"照してください。"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:406
msgid ""
"Comprehension iteration variables remain isolated and don't overwrite a "
"variable of the same name in the outer scope, nor are they visible after the "
"comprehension. Inlining does result in a few visible behavior changes:"
msgstr ""
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:410
msgid ""
"There is no longer a separate frame for the comprehension in tracebacks, and "
"tracing/profiling no longer shows the comprehension as a function call."
msgstr ""
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:412
msgid ""
"The :mod:`symtable` module will no longer produce child symbol tables for "
"each comprehension; instead, the comprehension's locals will be included in "
"the parent function's symbol table."
msgstr ""
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:415
msgid ""
"Calling :func:`locals` inside a comprehension now includes variables from "
"outside the comprehension, and no longer includes the synthetic ``.0`` "
"variable for the comprehension \"argument\"."
msgstr ""
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:418
msgid ""
"A comprehension iterating directly over ``locals()`` (e.g. ``[k for k in "
"locals()]``) may see \"RuntimeError: dictionary changed size during "
"iteration\" when run under tracing (e.g. code coverage measurement). This is "
"the same behavior already seen in e.g. ``for k in locals():``. To avoid the "
"error, first create a list of keys to iterate over: ``keys = list(locals()); "
"[k for k in keys]``."
msgstr ""
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:425
msgid "(Contributed by Carl Meyer and Vladimir Matveev in :pep:`709`.)"
msgstr ""
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:428
msgid "Improved Error Messages"
msgstr "エラーメッセージの改善"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:430
msgid ""
"Modules from the standard library are now potentially suggested as part of "
"the error messages displayed by the interpreter when a :exc:`NameError` is "
"raised to the top level. (Contributed by Pablo Galindo in :gh:`98254`.)"
msgstr ""
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:439
msgid ""
"Improve the error suggestion for :exc:`NameError` exceptions for instances. "
"Now if a :exc:`NameError` is raised in a method and the instance has an "
"attribute that's exactly equal to the name in the exception, the suggestion "
"will include ``self.<NAME>`` instead of the closest match in the method "
"scope. (Contributed by Pablo Galindo in :gh:`99139`.)"
msgstr ""
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:459
msgid ""
"Improve the :exc:`SyntaxError` error message when the user types ``import x "
"from y`` instead of ``from y import x``. (Contributed by Pablo Galindo in :"
"gh:`98931`.)"
msgstr ""
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:469
msgid ""
":exc:`ImportError` exceptions raised from failed ``from <module> import "
"<name>`` statements now include suggestions for the value of ``<name>`` "
"based on the available names in ``<module>``. (Contributed by Pablo Galindo "
"in :gh:`91058`.)"
msgstr ""
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:480
msgid "New Features Related to Type Hints"
msgstr "型ヒントに関連する新しい機能"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:482
msgid ""
"This section covers major changes affecting :pep:`type hints <484>` and the :"
"mod:`typing` module."
msgstr ""
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:488
msgid "PEP 692: Using ``TypedDict`` for more precise ``**kwargs`` typing"
msgstr ""
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:490
msgid ""
"Typing ``**kwargs`` in a function signature as introduced by :pep:`484` "
"allowed for valid annotations only in cases where all of the ``**kwargs`` "
"were of the same type."
msgstr ""
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:494
msgid ""
":pep:`692` specifies a more precise way of typing ``**kwargs`` by relying on "
"typed dictionaries::"
msgstr ""
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:497
msgid ""
"from typing import TypedDict, Unpack\n"
"\n"
"class Movie(TypedDict):\n"
" name: str\n"
" year: int\n"
"\n"
"def foo(**kwargs: Unpack[Movie]): ..."
msgstr ""
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:505
msgid "See :pep:`692` for more details."
msgstr "より詳しくは :pep:`692` を参照してください。"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:507
msgid "(Contributed by Franek Magiera in :gh:`103629`.)"
msgstr ""
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:512
msgid "PEP 698: Override Decorator for Static Typing"
msgstr ""
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:514
msgid ""
"A new decorator :deco:`typing.override` has been added to the :mod:`typing` "
"module. It indicates to type checkers that the method is intended to "
"override a method in a superclass. This allows type checkers to catch "
"mistakes where a method that is intended to override something in a base "
"class does not in fact do so."
msgstr ""
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:520
msgid "Example::"
msgstr "以下はプログラム例です::"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:522
msgid ""
"from typing import override\n"
"\n"
"class Base:\n"
" def get_color(self) -> str:\n"
" return \"blue\"\n"
"\n"
"class GoodChild(Base):\n"
" @override # ok: overrides Base.get_color\n"
" def get_color(self) -> str:\n"
" return \"yellow\"\n"
"\n"
"class BadChild(Base):\n"
" @override # type checker error: does not override Base.get_color\n"
" def get_colour(self) -> str:\n"
" return \"red\""
msgstr ""
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:538
msgid "See :pep:`698` for more details."
msgstr ""
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:540
msgid "(Contributed by Steven Troxler in :gh:`101561`.)"
msgstr ""
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:543
msgid "Other Language Changes"
msgstr "その他の言語変更"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:545
msgid ""
"The parser now raises :exc:`SyntaxError` when parsing source code containing "
"null bytes. (Contributed by Pablo Galindo in :gh:`96670`.)"
msgstr ""
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:548
msgid ""
"A backslash-character pair that is not a valid escape sequence now generates "
"a :exc:`SyntaxWarning`, instead of :exc:`DeprecationWarning`. For example, "
"``re.compile(\"\\d+\\.\\d+\")`` now emits a :exc:`SyntaxWarning` "
"(``\"\\d\"`` is an invalid escape sequence, use raw strings for regular "
"expression: ``re.compile(r\"\\d+\\.\\d+\")``). In a future Python version, :"
"exc:`SyntaxError` will eventually be raised, instead of :exc:"
"`SyntaxWarning`. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`98401`.)"
msgstr ""
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:557
msgid ""
"Octal escapes with value larger than ``0o377`` (ex: ``\"\\477\"``), "
"deprecated in Python 3.11, now produce a :exc:`SyntaxWarning`, instead of :"
"exc:`DeprecationWarning`. In a future Python version they will be eventually "
"a :exc:`SyntaxError`. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`98401`.)"
msgstr ""
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:563
msgid ""
"Variables used in the target part of comprehensions that are not stored to "
"can now be used in assignment expressions (``:=``). For example, in ``[(b := "
"1) for a, b.prop in some_iter]``, the assignment to ``b`` is now allowed. "
"Note that assigning to variables stored to in the target part of "
"comprehensions (like ``a``) is still disallowed, as per :pep:`572`. "
"(Contributed by Nikita Sobolev in :gh:`100581`.)"
msgstr ""
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:570
msgid ""
"Exceptions raised in a class or type's ``__set_name__`` method are no longer "
"wrapped by a :exc:`RuntimeError`. Context information is added to the "
"exception as a :pep:`678` note. (Contributed by Irit Katriel in :gh:`77757`.)"
msgstr ""
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:574
msgid ""
"When a ``try-except*`` construct handles the entire :exc:`ExceptionGroup` "
"and raises one other exception, that exception is no longer wrapped in an :"
"exc:`ExceptionGroup`. Also changed in version 3.11.4. (Contributed by Irit "
"Katriel in :gh:`103590`.)"
msgstr ""
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:579
msgid ""
"The Garbage Collector now runs only on the eval breaker mechanism of the "
"Python bytecode evaluation loop instead of object allocations. The GC can "
"also run when :c:func:`PyErr_CheckSignals` is called so C extensions that "
"need to run for a long time without executing any Python code also have a "
"chance to execute the GC periodically. (Contributed by Pablo Galindo in :gh:"
"`97922`.)"
msgstr ""
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:586
msgid ""
"All builtin and extension callables expecting boolean parameters now accept "
"arguments of any type instead of just :class:`bool` and :class:`int`. "
"(Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :gh:`60203`.)"
msgstr ""
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:590
msgid ""
":class:`memoryview` now supports the half-float type (the \"e\" format "
"code). (Contributed by Donghee Na and Antoine Pitrou in :gh:`90751`.)"
msgstr ""
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:593
msgid ""
":class:`slice` objects are now hashable, allowing them to be used as dict "
"keys and set items. (Contributed by Will Bradshaw, Furkan Onder, and Raymond "
"Hettinger in :gh:`101264`.)"
msgstr ""
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:596
msgid ""
":func:`sum` now uses Neumaier summation to improve accuracy and "
"commutativity when summing floats or mixed ints and floats. (Contributed by "
"Raymond Hettinger in :gh:`100425`.)"
msgstr ""
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:600
msgid ""
":func:`ast.parse` now raises :exc:`SyntaxError` instead of :exc:`ValueError` "
"when parsing source code containing null bytes. (Contributed by Pablo "
"Galindo in :gh:`96670`.)"
msgstr ""
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:604
msgid ""
"The extraction methods in :mod:`tarfile`, and :func:`shutil.unpack_archive`, "
"have a new a *filter* argument that allows limiting tar features than may be "
"surprising or dangerous, such as creating files outside the destination "
"directory. See :ref:`tarfile extraction filters <tarfile-extraction-filter>` "
"for details. In Python 3.14, the default will switch to ``'data'``. "
"(Contributed by Petr Viktorin in :pep:`706`.)"
msgstr ""
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:612
msgid ""
":class:`types.MappingProxyType` instances are now hashable if the underlying "
"mapping is hashable. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :gh:`87995`.)"
msgstr ""
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:616
msgid ""
"Add :ref:`support for the perf profiler <perf_profiling>` through the new "
"environment variable :envvar:`PYTHONPERFSUPPORT` and command-line option :"
"option:`-X perf <-X>`, as well as the new :func:`sys."
"activate_stack_trampoline`, :func:`sys.deactivate_stack_trampoline`, and :"
"func:`sys.is_stack_trampoline_active` functions. (Design by Pablo Galindo. "
"Contributed by Pablo Galindo and Christian Heimes with contributions from "
"Gregory P. Smith [Google] and Mark Shannon in :gh:`96123`.)"
msgstr ""
#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:628
msgid "New Modules"
msgstr "新たなモジュール"