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# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE.
# Copyright (C) 2001 Python Software Foundation
# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package.
# FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR.
#
# Translators:
# tomo, 2021
# Arihiro TAKASE, 2023
# 石井明久, 2024
#
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.14\n"
"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-05-08 02:53-0300\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:52+0000\n"
"Last-Translator: 石井明久, 2024\n"
"Language-Team: Japanese (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/"
"ja/)\n"
"Language: ja\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n"
#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:7
msgid "Defining Extension Types: Tutorial"
msgstr "拡張の型の定義: チュートリアル"
#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:14
msgid ""
"Python allows the writer of a C extension module to define new types that "
"can be manipulated from Python code, much like the built-in :class:`str` "
"and :class:`list` types. The code for all extension types follows a "
"pattern, but there are some details that you need to understand before you "
"can get started. This document is a gentle introduction to the topic."
msgstr ""
"Python では、組み込みの :class:`str` 型や :class:`list` 型のような Python "
"コードから操作できる新しい型を C 拡張モジュールの作者が定義できます。\n"
"全ての拡張の型のコードはあるパターンに従うのですが、書き始める前に理解してお"
"くべき細かいことがあります。\n"
"このドキュメントはその話題についてのやさしい入門です。"
#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:24
msgid "The Basics"
msgstr "基本的なこと"
#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:26
msgid ""
"The :term:`CPython` runtime sees all Python objects as variables of type :c:"
"expr:`PyObject*`, which serves as a \"base type\" for all Python objects. "
"The :c:type:`PyObject` structure itself only contains the object's :term:"
"`reference count` and a pointer to the object's \"type object\". This is "
"where the action is; the type object determines which (C) functions get "
"called by the interpreter when, for instance, an attribute gets looked up on "
"an object, a method called, or it is multiplied by another object. These C "
"functions are called \"type methods\"."
msgstr ""
":term:`CPython` ランタイムは Python の全てのオブジェクトを、 Python の全ての"
"オブジェクトの \"基底型 (base type)\" である :c:expr:`PyObject*` 型の変数と見"
"なします。 :c:type:`PyObject` 構造体自身は :term:`参照カウント <reference "
"count>` と、オブジェクトの \"型オブジェクト\" へのポインタのみを持ちます。こ"
"こには動作が定義されています; 型オブジェクトは、例えば、ある属性があるオブ"
"ジェクトから検索されたり、メソッドが呼ばれたり、他のオブジェクトによって操作"
"されたりしたときに、どの (C) 関数がインタープリターから呼ばれるのかを決定しま"
"す。これらの C 関数は \"型メソッド (type method)\" と呼ばれます。"
#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:35
msgid ""
"So, if you want to define a new extension type, you need to create a new "
"type object."
msgstr ""
"それなので、新しい拡張の型を定義したいときは、新しい型オブジェクトを作成すれ"
"ばよいわけです。"
#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:38
msgid ""
"This sort of thing can only be explained by example, so here's a minimal, "
"but complete, module that defines a new type named :class:`!Custom` inside a "
"C extension module :mod:`!custom`:"
msgstr ""
"この手のことは例を見たほうが早いでしょうから、以下に C 拡張モジュール :mod:`!"
"custom` にある :class:`!Custom` という名前の新しい型を定義する、最小限ながら"
"完全なモジュールをあげておきます:"
#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:43
msgid ""
"What we're showing here is the traditional way of defining *static* "
"extension types. It should be adequate for most uses. The C API also "
"allows defining heap-allocated extension types using the :c:func:"
"`PyType_FromSpec` function, which isn't covered in this tutorial."
msgstr ""
"ここで紹介している例は、 *静的な* 拡張の型を定義する伝統的な実装方法です。\n"
"これはほとんどの場面で十分なものなのです。\n"
"C API では、 :c:func:`PyType_FromSpec` 関数を使い、ヒープ上に配置された拡張の"
"型も定義できますが、これについてはこのチュートリアルでは扱いません。"
#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:48
msgid ""
"#define PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN\n"
"#include <Python.h>\n"
"\n"
"typedef struct {\n"
" PyObject_HEAD\n"
" /* Type-specific fields go here. */\n"
"} CustomObject;\n"
"\n"
"static PyTypeObject CustomType = {\n"
" .ob_base = PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL, 0)\n"
" .tp_name = \"custom.Custom\",\n"
" .tp_doc = PyDoc_STR(\"Custom objects\"),\n"
" .tp_basicsize = sizeof(CustomObject),\n"
" .tp_itemsize = 0,\n"
" .tp_flags = Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT,\n"
" .tp_new = PyType_GenericNew,\n"
"};\n"
"\n"
"static PyModuleDef custommodule = {\n"
" .m_base = PyModuleDef_HEAD_INIT,\n"
" .m_name = \"custom\",\n"
" .m_doc = \"Example module that creates an extension type.\",\n"
" .m_size = -1,\n"
"};\n"
"\n"
"PyMODINIT_FUNC\n"
"PyInit_custom(void)\n"
"{\n"
" PyObject *m;\n"
" if (PyType_Ready(&CustomType) < 0)\n"
" return NULL;\n"
"\n"
" m = PyModule_Create(&custommodule);\n"
" if (m == NULL)\n"
" return NULL;\n"
"\n"
" if (PyModule_AddObjectRef(m, \"Custom\", (PyObject *) &CustomType) < 0) "
"{\n"
" Py_DECREF(m);\n"
" return NULL;\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" return m;\n"
"}\n"
msgstr ""
#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:50
msgid ""
"Now that's quite a bit to take in at once, but hopefully bits will seem "
"familiar from the previous chapter. This file defines three things:"
msgstr ""
"一度に把握するにはちょっと量が多いですが、前の章よりはとっつきやすくなってい"
"ることと思います。このファイルでは、3つの要素が定義されています:"
#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:53
msgid ""
"What a :class:`!Custom` **object** contains: this is the ``CustomObject`` "
"struct, which is allocated once for each :class:`!Custom` instance."
msgstr ""
":class:`!Custom` **オブジェクト** が何を含んでいるか: これが "
"``CustomObject`` 構造体で、 :class:`!Custom` インスタンスごとに1回だけメモリ"
"確保が行われます。"
#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:55
msgid ""
"How the :class:`!Custom` **type** behaves: this is the ``CustomType`` "
"struct, which defines a set of flags and function pointers that the "
"interpreter inspects when specific operations are requested."
msgstr ""
":class:`!Custom` **型** がどのように振る舞うか: これが ``CustomType`` 構造体"
"で、フラグと関数ポインタの集まりを定義しています。特定の操作が要求されたとき"
"に、この関数ポインタをインタープリターが見に行きます。"
#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:58
msgid ""
"How to initialize the :mod:`!custom` module: this is the ``PyInit_custom`` "
"function and the associated ``custommodule`` struct."
msgstr ""
":mod:`!custom` モジュールをどう初期化するか: これが ``PyInit_custom`` 関数と"
"それに関係する ``custommodule`` 構造体です。"
#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:61
msgid "The first bit is::"
msgstr "まず最初はこれです::"
#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:63
msgid ""
"typedef struct {\n"
" PyObject_HEAD\n"
"} CustomObject;"
msgstr ""
#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:67
msgid ""
"This is what a Custom object will contain. ``PyObject_HEAD`` is mandatory "
"at the start of each object struct and defines a field called ``ob_base`` of "
"type :c:type:`PyObject`, containing a pointer to a type object and a "
"reference count (these can be accessed using the macros :c:macro:`Py_TYPE` "
"and :c:macro:`Py_REFCNT` respectively). The reason for the macro is to "
"abstract away the layout and to enable additional fields in :ref:`debug "
"builds <debug-build>`."
msgstr ""
"これが Custom オブジェクトの内容です。 ``PyObject_HEAD`` はそれぞれのオブジェ"
"クト構造体の先頭に必須なもので、 :c:type:`PyObject` 型の ``ob_base`` という名"
"前のフィールドを定義します。 :c:type:`PyObject` 型には (それぞれ :c:macro:"
"`Py_TYPE` マクロおよび :c:macro:`Py_REFCNT` マクロからアクセスできる) 型オブ"
"ジェクトへのポインタと参照カウントが格納されています。このマクロが用意されて"
"いる理由は、構造体のレイアウトを抽象化し、デバッグビルドでフィールドを追加で"
"きるようにするためです。"
#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:76
msgid ""
"There is no semicolon above after the :c:macro:`PyObject_HEAD` macro. Be "
"wary of adding one by accident: some compilers will complain."
msgstr ""
"上の例では :c:macro:`PyObject_HEAD` マクロの後にセミコロンはありません。\n"
"うっかりセミコロンを追加しないように気を付けてください: これを警告するコンパ"
"イラもあります。"
#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:79
msgid ""
"Of course, objects generally store additional data besides the standard "
"``PyObject_HEAD`` boilerplate; for example, here is the definition for "
"standard Python floats::"
msgstr ""
"もちろん、一般的にはオブジェクトは標準的な ``PyObject_HEAD`` ボイラープレート"
"の他にもデータを保持しています; 例えば、これは Python 標準の浮動小数点数の定"
"義です::"
#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:83
msgid ""
"typedef struct {\n"
" PyObject_HEAD\n"
" double ob_fval;\n"
"} PyFloatObject;"
msgstr ""
#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:88
msgid "The second bit is the definition of the type object. ::"
msgstr "2つ目は型オブジェクトの定義です。 ::"
#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:90
msgid ""
"static PyTypeObject CustomType = {\n"
" .ob_base = PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL, 0)\n"
" .tp_name = \"custom.Custom\",\n"
" .tp_doc = PyDoc_STR(\"Custom objects\"),\n"
" .tp_basicsize = sizeof(CustomObject),\n"
" .tp_itemsize = 0,\n"
" .tp_flags = Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT,\n"
" .tp_new = PyType_GenericNew,\n"
"};"
msgstr ""
#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:101
msgid ""
"We recommend using C99-style designated initializers as above, to avoid "
"listing all the :c:type:`PyTypeObject` fields that you don't care about and "
"also to avoid caring about the fields' declaration order."
msgstr ""
"上にあるように C99 スタイルの指示付き初期化子を使って、 :c:type:"
"`PyTypeObject` の特に関心の無いフィールドまで全て並べたり、フィールドを宣言す"
"る順序に気を使ったりせずに済ませるのをお薦めします。"
#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:105
msgid ""
"The actual definition of :c:type:`PyTypeObject` in :file:`object.h` has many "
"more :ref:`fields <type-structs>` than the definition above. The remaining "
"fields will be filled with zeros by the C compiler, and it's common practice "
"to not specify them explicitly unless you need them."
msgstr ""
":file:`object.h` にある実際の :c:type:`PyTypeObject` の定義には上の定義にある"
"よりももっと多くの :ref:`フィールド <type-structs>` があります。\n"
"ここに出てきていないフィールドは C コンパイラによってゼロで埋められるので、必"
"要でない限り明示的には値の指定をしないのが一般的な作法になっています。"
#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:110
msgid "We're going to pick it apart, one field at a time::"
msgstr "一度に1つずつフィールドを取り上げていきましょう::"
#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:112
msgid ".ob_base = PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL, 0)"
msgstr ""
#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:114
msgid ""
"This line is mandatory boilerplate to initialize the ``ob_base`` field "
"mentioned above. ::"
msgstr ""
"この行は、上で触れた ``ob_base`` フィールドの初期化に必須のボイラープレートで"
"す。"
#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:117
msgid ".tp_name = \"custom.Custom\","
msgstr ""
#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:119
msgid ""
"The name of our type. This will appear in the default textual "
"representation of our objects and in some error messages, for example:"
msgstr ""
"実装している型の名前です。\n"
"これは、オブジェクトのデフォルトの文字列表現やエラーメッセージに現れます。例"
"えば次の通りです:"
#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:122
msgid ""
">>> \"\" + custom.Custom()\n"
"Traceback (most recent call last):\n"
" File \"<stdin>\", line 1, in <module>\n"
"TypeError: can only concatenate str (not \"custom.Custom\") to str"
msgstr ""
#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:129
msgid ""
"Note that the name is a dotted name that includes both the module name and "
"the name of the type within the module. The module in this case is :mod:`!"
"custom` and the type is :class:`!Custom`, so we set the type name to :class:"
"`!custom.Custom`. Using the real dotted import path is important to make "
"your type compatible with the :mod:`pydoc` and :mod:`pickle` modules. ::"
msgstr ""
"型の名前が、モジュール名とモジュールにおける型の名前の両方をドットでつないだ"
"名前になっていることに注意してください。この場合は、モジュールは :mod:`!"
"custom` で型は :class:`!Custom` なので、型の名前を :class:`!custom.Custom` に"
"設定しました。実際のドット付きのインポートパスを使うのは、 :mod:`pydoc` モ"
"ジュールや :mod:`pickle` モジュールと互換性を持たせるために重要なのです。"
#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:135
msgid ""
".tp_basicsize = sizeof(CustomObject),\n"
".tp_itemsize = 0,"
msgstr ""
#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:138
msgid ""
"This is so that Python knows how much memory to allocate when creating new :"
"class:`!Custom` instances. :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_itemsize` is only "
"used for variable-sized objects and should otherwise be zero."
msgstr ""
"これは、新しい :class:`!Custom` インスタンスを作るときに Python が割り当てる"
"べきメモリがどのくらいなのかを知るためのものです。 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject."
"tp_itemsize` は可変サイズのオブジェクトでのみ使うものなので、サイズが可変でな"
"いオブジェクトでは 0 にすべきです。"
#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:144
msgid ""
"If you want your type to be subclassable from Python, and your type has the "
"same :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_basicsize` as its base type, you may have "
"problems with multiple inheritance. A Python subclass of your type will "
"have to list your type first in its :attr:`~type.__bases__`, or else it will "
"not be able to call your type's :meth:`~object.__new__` method without "
"getting an error. You can avoid this problem by ensuring that your type has "
"a larger value for :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_basicsize` than its base type "
"does. Most of the time, this will be true anyway, because either your base "
"type will be :class:`object`, or else you will be adding data members to "
"your base type, and therefore increasing its size."
msgstr ""
#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:154
msgid "We set the class flags to :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT`. ::"
msgstr ":c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT` にクラスフラグを設定します。 ::"
#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:156
msgid ".tp_flags = Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT,"
msgstr ""
#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:158
msgid ""
"All types should include this constant in their flags. It enables all of "
"the members defined until at least Python 3.3. If you need further members, "
"you will need to OR the corresponding flags."
msgstr ""
"すべての型はフラグにこの定数を含めておく必要があります。これは最低でも "
"Python 3.3 までに定義されているすべてのメンバを許可します。それ以上のメンバが"
"必要なら、対応するフラグの OR をとる必要があります。"
#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:162
msgid ""
"We provide a doc string for the type in :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_doc`. ::"
msgstr "この型の docstring は :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_doc` に入れます。 ::"
#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:164
msgid ".tp_doc = PyDoc_STR(\"Custom objects\"),"
msgstr ""
#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:166
msgid ""
"To enable object creation, we have to provide a :c:member:`~PyTypeObject."
"tp_new` handler. This is the equivalent of the Python method :meth:`~object."
"__new__`, but has to be specified explicitly. In this case, we can just use "
"the default implementation provided by the API function :c:func:"
"`PyType_GenericNew`. ::"
msgstr ""
"オブジェクトが生成できるように、 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_new` ハンドラを"
"提供する必要があります。これは Python のメソッド :meth:`~object.__new__` と同"
"等のものですが、明示的に与える必要があります。今の場合では、 API 関数の :c:"
"func:`PyType_GenericNew` として提供されるデフォルトの実装をそのまま使えま"
"す。 ::"
#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:171
msgid ".tp_new = PyType_GenericNew,"
msgstr ""
#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:173
msgid ""
"Everything else in the file should be familiar, except for some code in :c:"
"func:`!PyInit_custom`::"
msgstr ""
"ファイルの残りの部分はきっと馴染みやすいものだと思いますが、 :c:func:`!"
"PyInit_custom` の一部のコードはそうではないでしょう::"
#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:176
msgid ""
"if (PyType_Ready(&CustomType) < 0)\n"
" return;"
msgstr ""
#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:179
msgid ""
"This initializes the :class:`!Custom` type, filling in a number of members "
"to the appropriate default values, including :c:member:`~PyObject.ob_type` "
"that we initially set to ``NULL``. ::"
msgstr ""
"これは、 ``NULL`` に初期化された :c:member:`~PyObject.ob_type` も含めて、いく"
"つかのメンバーを適切なデフォルト値で埋めて、 :class:`!Custom` 型を初期化しま"
"す。 ::"
#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:183
msgid ""
"if (PyModule_AddObjectRef(m, \"Custom\", (PyObject *) &CustomType) < 0) {\n"
" Py_DECREF(m);\n"
" return NULL;\n"
"}"
msgstr ""
#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:188
msgid ""
"This adds the type to the module dictionary. This allows us to create :"
"class:`!Custom` instances by calling the :class:`!Custom` class:"
msgstr ""
"これは型をモジュールの辞書に追加します。こうすることで :class:`!Custom` クラ"
"スの呼び出しで :class:`!Custom` インスタンスが作成できるようになります:"
#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:191
msgid ""
">>> import custom\n"
">>> mycustom = custom.Custom()"
msgstr ""
#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:196
msgid ""
"That's it! All that remains is to build it; put the above code in a file "
"called :file:`custom.c`,"
msgstr ""
"以上です!残りの作業はビルドだけです; :file:`custom.c` という名前のファイルに"
"ここまでのコードを書き込み、"
#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:199
msgid ""
"[build-system]\n"
"requires = [\"setuptools\"]\n"
"build-backend = \"setuptools.build_meta\"\n"
"\n"
"[project]\n"
"name = \"custom\"\n"
"version = \"1\"\n"
msgstr ""
#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:201
msgid "in a file called :file:`pyproject.toml`, and"
msgstr ":file:`pyproject.toml` というファイルにこれを書き込み、"
#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:203
msgid ""
"from setuptools import Extension, setup\n"
"setup(ext_modules=[Extension(\"custom\", [\"custom.c\"])])"
msgstr ""
#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:208
msgid "in a file called :file:`setup.py`; then typing"
msgstr ""
"そして :file:`setup.py` というファイルにこのように書き込み、そして、以下のよ"
"うに"
#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:210
#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:548
msgid "$ python -m pip install ."
msgstr ""
#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:214
msgid ""
"in a shell should produce a file :file:`custom.so` in a subdirectory and "
"install it; now fire up Python --- you should be able to ``import custom`` "
"and play around with ``Custom`` objects."
msgstr ""
"シェルに入力します。これにより、サブディレクトリに :file:`custom.so` が生成さ"
"れ、インストールされます。これで、 Python を立ち上げて、 ``import custom`` す"
"ると ``Custom`` オブジェクトで遊べるようになっているはずです。"
#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:218
msgid "That wasn't so hard, was it?"
msgstr "そんなにむずかしくありません、よね?"
#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:220
msgid ""
"Of course, the current Custom type is pretty uninteresting. It has no data "
"and doesn't do anything. It can't even be subclassed."
msgstr ""
"もちろん、現在の Custom 型は面白みに欠けています。何もデータを持っていない"
"し、何もできません。継承してサブクラスを作ることさえできないのです。"
#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:225
msgid "Adding data and methods to the Basic example"
msgstr "基本のサンプルにデータとメソッドを追加する"
#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:227
msgid ""
"Let's extend the basic example to add some data and methods. Let's also "
"make the type usable as a base class. We'll create a new module, :mod:`!"
"custom2` that adds these capabilities:"
msgstr ""
"この基本のサンプルにデータとメソッドを追加してみましょう。ついでに、この型を"
"基底クラスとしても利用できるようにします。ここでは新しいモジュール :mod:`!"
"custom2` をつくり、これらの機能を追加します:"
#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:231
msgid ""
"#define PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN\n"
"#include <Python.h>\n"
"#include <stddef.h> /* for offsetof() */\n"
"\n"
"typedef struct {\n"
" PyObject_HEAD\n"
" PyObject *first; /* first name */\n"
" PyObject *last; /* last name */\n"
" int number;\n"
"} CustomObject;\n"
"\n"
"static void\n"
"Custom_dealloc(PyObject *op)\n"
"{\n"
" CustomObject *self = (CustomObject *) op;\n"
" Py_XDECREF(self->first);\n"
" Py_XDECREF(self->last);\n"
" Py_TYPE(self)->tp_free(self);\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"static PyObject *\n"
"Custom_new(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)\n"
"{\n"
" CustomObject *self;\n"
" self = (CustomObject *) type->tp_alloc(type, 0);\n"
" if (self != NULL) {\n"
" self->first = Py_GetConstant(Py_CONSTANT_EMPTY_STR);\n"
" if (self->first == NULL) {\n"
" Py_DECREF(self);\n"
" return NULL;\n"
" }\n"
" self->last = Py_GetConstant(Py_CONSTANT_EMPTY_STR);\n"
" if (self->last == NULL) {\n"
" Py_DECREF(self);\n"
" return NULL;\n"
" }\n"
" self->number = 0;\n"
" }\n"
" return (PyObject *) self;\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"static int\n"
"Custom_init(PyObject *op, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)\n"
"{\n"
" CustomObject *self = (CustomObject *) op;\n"
" static char *kwlist[] = {\"first\", \"last\", \"number\", NULL};\n"
" PyObject *first = NULL, *last = NULL;\n"
"\n"
" if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwds, \"|OOi\", kwlist,\n"
" &first, &last,\n"
" &self->number))\n"
" return -1;\n"
"\n"
" if (first) {\n"
" Py_XSETREF(self->first, Py_NewRef(first));\n"
" }\n"
" if (last) {\n"
" Py_XSETREF(self->last, Py_NewRef(last));\n"
" }\n"
" return 0;\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"static PyMemberDef Custom_members[] = {\n"
" {\"first\", Py_T_OBJECT_EX, offsetof(CustomObject, first), 0,\n"
" \"first name\"},\n"
" {\"last\", Py_T_OBJECT_EX, offsetof(CustomObject, last), 0,\n"
" \"last name\"},\n"
" {\"number\", Py_T_INT, offsetof(CustomObject, number), 0,\n"
" \"custom number\"},\n"
" {NULL} /* Sentinel */\n"
"};\n"
"\n"
"static PyObject *\n"
"Custom_name(PyObject *op, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(dummy))\n"
"{\n"
" CustomObject *self = (CustomObject *) op;\n"
" if (self->first == NULL) {\n"
" PyErr_SetString(PyExc_AttributeError, \"first\");\n"
" return NULL;\n"
" }\n"
" if (self->last == NULL) {\n"
" PyErr_SetString(PyExc_AttributeError, \"last\");\n"
" return NULL;\n"
" }\n"
" return PyUnicode_FromFormat(\"%S %S\", self->first, self->last);\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"static PyMethodDef Custom_methods[] = {\n"
" {\"name\", Custom_name, METH_NOARGS,\n"
" \"Return the name, combining the first and last name\"\n"
" },\n"
" {NULL} /* Sentinel */\n"
"};\n"
"\n"
"static PyTypeObject CustomType = {\n"
" .ob_base = PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL, 0)\n"
" .tp_name = \"custom2.Custom\",\n"
" .tp_doc = PyDoc_STR(\"Custom objects\"),\n"
" .tp_basicsize = sizeof(CustomObject),\n"
" .tp_itemsize = 0,\n"
" .tp_flags = Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE,\n"
" .tp_new = Custom_new,\n"
" .tp_init = Custom_init,\n"
" .tp_dealloc = Custom_dealloc,\n"
" .tp_members = Custom_members,\n"
" .tp_methods = Custom_methods,\n"
"};\n"
"\n"
"static PyModuleDef custommodule = {\n"
" .m_base =PyModuleDef_HEAD_INIT,\n"
" .m_name = \"custom2\",\n"
" .m_doc = \"Example module that creates an extension type.\",\n"
" .m_size = -1,\n"
"};\n"
"\n"
"PyMODINIT_FUNC\n"
"PyInit_custom2(void)\n"
"{\n"
" PyObject *m;\n"
" if (PyType_Ready(&CustomType) < 0)\n"
" return NULL;\n"
"\n"
" m = PyModule_Create(&custommodule);\n"
" if (m == NULL)\n"
" return NULL;\n"
"\n"
" if (PyModule_AddObjectRef(m, \"Custom\", (PyObject *) &CustomType) < 0) "
"{\n"
" Py_DECREF(m);\n"
" return NULL;\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" return m;\n"
"}\n"
msgstr ""
#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:234
msgid "This version of the module has a number of changes."
msgstr "モジュールのこのバージョンでは、いくつもの変更をおこないます。"
#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:236
msgid ""
"The :class:`!Custom` type now has three data attributes in its C struct, "
"*first*, *last*, and *number*. The *first* and *last* variables are Python "
"strings containing first and last names. The *number* attribute is a C "
"integer."
msgstr ""
":class:`!Custom` 型は そのC構造体に 3つのデータ属性 *first* 、 *last* 、およ"
"び *number* をもつようになりました。 *first* と *last* 属性はファーストネーム"
"とラストネームを格納した Python 文字列で、 *number* 属性は C言語での整数の値"
"です。"
#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:240
msgid "The object structure is updated accordingly::"
msgstr "これにしたがうと、オブジェクトの構造体は次のようになります::"
#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:242
msgid ""
"typedef struct {\n"
" PyObject_HEAD\n"
" PyObject *first; /* first name */\n"
" PyObject *last; /* last name */\n"
" int number;\n"
"} CustomObject;"
msgstr ""
#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:249
msgid ""
"Because we now have data to manage, we have to be more careful about object "
"allocation and deallocation. At a minimum, we need a deallocation method::"
msgstr ""
"いまや管理すべきデータができたので、オブジェクトの割り当てと解放に際してはよ"
"り慎重になる必要があります。最低限、オブジェクトの解放メソッドが必要です::"
#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:252
msgid ""
"static void\n"
"Custom_dealloc(PyObject *op)\n"
"{\n"
" CustomObject *self = (CustomObject *) op;\n"
" Py_XDECREF(self->first);\n"
" Py_XDECREF(self->last);\n"
" Py_TYPE(self)->tp_free(self);\n"
"}"
msgstr ""
#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:261
msgid "which is assigned to the :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_dealloc` member::"
msgstr ""
"この関数は :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_dealloc` メンバに代入されます。 ::"
#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:263
msgid ".tp_dealloc = Custom_dealloc,"
msgstr ""
#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:265
msgid ""
"This method first clears the reference counts of the two Python attributes. :"
"c:func:`Py_XDECREF` correctly handles the case where its argument is "
"``NULL`` (which might happen here if ``tp_new`` failed midway). It then "
"calls the :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_free` member of the object's type "
"(computed by ``Py_TYPE(self)``) to free the object's memory. Note that the "
"object's type might not be :class:`!CustomType`, because the object may be "
"an instance of a subclass."
msgstr ""
"このメソッドは、まず二つのPython 属性の参照カウントをクリアします。 :c:func:"
"`Py_XDECREF` は引数が ``NULL`` のケースを正しく扱えます (これは、``tp_new`` "
"が途中で失敗した場合に起こりえます) 。このメソッドは、つぎにオブジェクトの型 "
"(``Py_TYPE(self)`` で算出します) のメンバ :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_free` "
"を呼び出し、オブジェクトのメモリを開放します。オブジェクトの型が :class:`!"
"CustomType` であるとは限らない点に注意してください。なぜなら、オブジェクトは"
"サブクラスのインスタンスかもしれないからです。"
#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:275
msgid ""
"The explicit cast to ``CustomObject *`` above is needed because we defined "
"``Custom_dealloc`` to take a ``PyObject *`` argument, as the ``tp_dealloc`` "
"function pointer expects to receive a ``PyObject *`` argument. By assigning "
"to the the ``tp_dealloc`` slot of a type, we declare that it can only be "
"called with instances of our ``CustomObject`` class, so the cast to "
"``(CustomObject *)`` is safe. This is object-oriented polymorphism, in C!"
msgstr ""
#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:283
msgid ""
"In existing code, or in previous versions of this tutorial, you might see "
"similar functions take a pointer to the subtype object structure "
"(``CustomObject*``) directly, like this::"
msgstr ""
#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:287
msgid ""
"Custom_dealloc(CustomObject *self)\n"
"{\n"
" Py_XDECREF(self->first);\n"
" Py_XDECREF(self->last);\n"
" Py_TYPE(self)->tp_free((PyObject *) self);\n"
"}\n"
"...\n"
".tp_dealloc = (destructor) Custom_dealloc,"
msgstr ""
#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:296
msgid ""
"This does the same thing on all architectures that CPython supports, but "
"according to the C standard, it invokes undefined behavior."
msgstr ""
#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:300
msgid ""
"We want to make sure that the first and last names are initialized to empty "
"strings, so we provide a ``tp_new`` implementation::"
msgstr ""
"ファーストネームとラストネームを空文字列に初期化しておきたいので、``tp_new`` "
"の実装を追加することにしましょう::"
#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:303
msgid ""
"static PyObject *\n"
"Custom_new(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)\n"
"{\n"
" CustomObject *self;\n"
" self = (CustomObject *) type->tp_alloc(type, 0);\n"
" if (self != NULL) {\n"
" self->first = PyUnicode_FromString(\"\");\n"
" if (self->first == NULL) {\n"
" Py_DECREF(self);\n"
" return NULL;\n"
" }\n"
" self->last = PyUnicode_FromString(\"\");\n"
" if (self->last == NULL) {\n"
" Py_DECREF(self);\n"
" return NULL;\n"
" }\n"
" self->number = 0;\n"
" }\n"
" return (PyObject *) self;\n"
"}"
msgstr ""
#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:324
msgid "and install it in the :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_new` member::"
msgstr ""
"そしてこれを :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_new` メンバとしてインストールしま"
"す::"
#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:326
msgid ".tp_new = Custom_new,"
msgstr ""
#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:328
msgid ""
"The ``tp_new`` handler is responsible for creating (as opposed to "
"initializing) objects of the type. It is exposed in Python as the :meth:"
"`~object.__new__` method. It is not required to define a ``tp_new`` member, "
"and indeed many extension types will simply reuse :c:func:"
"`PyType_GenericNew` as done in the first version of the :class:`!Custom` "
"type above. In this case, we use the ``tp_new`` handler to initialize the "
"``first`` and ``last`` attributes to non-``NULL`` default values."
msgstr ""
#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:336
msgid ""
"``tp_new`` is passed the type being instantiated (not necessarily "
"``CustomType``, if a subclass is instantiated) and any arguments passed when "
"the type was called, and is expected to return the instance created. "
"``tp_new`` handlers always accept positional and keyword arguments, but they "
"often ignore the arguments, leaving the argument handling to initializer (a."
"k.a. ``tp_init`` in C or ``__init__`` in Python) methods."
msgstr ""
#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:344
msgid ""
"``tp_new`` shouldn't call ``tp_init`` explicitly, as the interpreter will do "
"it itself."
msgstr ""
"``tp_new`` は明示的に ``tp_init`` を呼び出してはいけません、これはインタープ"
"リタが自分で行うためです。"
#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:347
msgid ""
"The ``tp_new`` implementation calls the :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_alloc` "
"slot to allocate memory::"
msgstr ""
"この ``tp_new`` の実装は、:c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_alloc` スロットを呼び出"
"してメモリを割り当てます::"
#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:350
msgid "self = (CustomObject *) type->tp_alloc(type, 0);"
msgstr ""
#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:352
msgid ""
"Since memory allocation may fail, we must check the :c:member:`~PyTypeObject."
"tp_alloc` result against ``NULL`` before proceeding."
msgstr ""
"メモリ割り当ては失敗するかもしれないので、先に進む前に :c:member:"
"`~PyTypeObject.tp_alloc` の結果が ``NULL`` でないかチェックしなければなりませ"
"ん。"
#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:356
msgid ""
"We didn't fill the :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_alloc` slot ourselves. "
"Rather :c:func:`PyType_Ready` fills it for us by inheriting it from our base "
"class, which is :class:`object` by default. Most types use the default "
"allocation strategy."
msgstr ""
#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:362
msgid ""
"If you are creating a co-operative :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_new` (one "
"that calls a base type's :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_new` or :meth:`~object."
"__new__`), you must *not* try to determine what method to call using method "
"resolution order at runtime. Always statically determine what type you are "
"going to call, and call its :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_new` directly, or "
"via ``type->tp_base->tp_new``. If you do not do this, Python subclasses of "
"your type that also inherit from other Python-defined classes may not work "
"correctly. (Specifically, you may not be able to create instances of such "
"subclasses without getting a :exc:`TypeError`.)"
msgstr ""
"もし協力的な :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_new` (基底タイプの :c:member:"
"`~PyTypeObject.tp_new` または :meth:`~object.__new__` を呼んでいるもの) を作"
"りたいのならば、実行時のメソッド解決順序をつかってどのメソッドを呼びだすかを"
"決定しようとしては *いけません* 。常に呼び出す型を静的に決めておき、直接そ"
"の :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_new` を呼び出すか、あるいは ``type->tp_base-"
">tp_new`` を経由してください。こうしないと、あなたが作成したタイプの Python "
"サブクラスが他の Python で定義されたクラスも継承している場合にうまく動かない"
"場合があります。 (とりわけ、そのようなサブクラスのインスタンスを :exc:"
"`TypeError` を出さずに作ることが不可能になります。)"
#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:372
msgid ""
"We also define an initialization function which accepts arguments to provide "
"initial values for our instance::"
msgstr ""
#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:375
msgid ""
"static int\n"
"Custom_init(PyObject *op, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)\n"
"{\n"
" CustomObject *self = (CustomObject *) op;\n"
" static char *kwlist[] = {\"first\", \"last\", \"number\", NULL};\n"
" PyObject *first = NULL, *last = NULL, *tmp;\n"
"\n"
" if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwds, \"|OOi\", kwlist,\n"
" &first, &last,\n"
" &self->number))\n"
" return -1;\n"
"\n"
" if (first) {\n"
" tmp = self->first;\n"
" Py_INCREF(first);\n"
" self->first = first;\n"
" Py_XDECREF(tmp);\n"
" }\n"
" if (last) {\n"
" tmp = self->last;\n"
" Py_INCREF(last);\n"
" self->last = last;\n"
" Py_XDECREF(tmp);\n"
" }\n"
" return 0;\n"
"}"
msgstr ""
#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:402
msgid "by filling the :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_init` slot. ::"
msgstr "これは :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_init` メンバに代入されます。 ::"
#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:404
msgid ".tp_init = Custom_init,"
msgstr ""
#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:406
msgid ""
"The :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_init` slot is exposed in Python as the :meth:"
"`~object.__init__` method. It is used to initialize an object after it's "
"created. Initializers always accept positional and keyword arguments, and "
"they should return either ``0`` on success or ``-1`` on error."
msgstr ""
#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:411
msgid ""
"Unlike the ``tp_new`` handler, there is no guarantee that ``tp_init`` is "
"called at all (for example, the :mod:`pickle` module by default doesn't "
"call :meth:`~object.__init__` on unpickled instances). It can also be "
"called multiple times. Anyone can call the :meth:`!__init__` method on our "
"objects. For this reason, we have to be extra careful when assigning the "
"new attribute values. We might be tempted, for example to assign the "
"``first`` member like this::"
msgstr ""
#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:419
msgid ""
"if (first) {\n"
" Py_XDECREF(self->first);\n"
" Py_INCREF(first);\n"
" self->first = first;\n"
"}"
msgstr ""
#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:425
msgid ""
"But this would be risky. Our type doesn't restrict the type of the "
"``first`` member, so it could be any kind of object. It could have a "
"destructor that causes code to be executed that tries to access the "
"``first`` member; or that destructor could detach the :term:`thread state "
"<attached thread state>` and let arbitrary code run in other threads that "
"accesses and modifies our object."
msgstr ""
#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:432
msgid ""
"To be paranoid and protect ourselves against this possibility, we almost "
"always reassign members before decrementing their reference counts. When "
"don't we have to do this?"
msgstr ""
#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:436
msgid "when we absolutely know that the reference count is greater than 1;"
msgstr "その参照カウントが 1 より大きいと確信できる場合"
#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:438
msgid ""
"when we know that deallocation of the object [#]_ will neither detach the :"
"term:`thread state <attached thread state>` nor cause any calls back into "
"our type's code;"
msgstr ""
#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:441
msgid ""
"when decrementing a reference count in a :c:member:`~PyTypeObject."