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<section id="data-types">
<span id="datatypes"></span><h1>Data Types<a class="headerlink" href="#data-types" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h1>
<p>The modules described in this chapter provide a variety of specialized data
types such as dates and times, fixed-type arrays, heap queues, double-ended
queues, and enumerations.</p>
<p>Python also provides some built-in data types, in particular,
<a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#dict" title="dict"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">dict</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#list" title="list"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">list</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#set" title="set"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">set</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#frozenset" title="frozenset"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">frozenset</span></code></a>, and
<a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#tuple" title="tuple"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tuple</span></code></a>. The <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#str" title="str"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">str</span></code></a> class is used to hold
Unicode strings, and the <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#bytes" title="bytes"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bytes</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#bytearray" title="bytearray"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bytearray</span></code></a> classes are used
to hold binary data.</p>
<p>The following modules are documented in this chapter:</p>
<div class="toctree-wrapper compound">
<ul>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="datetime.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code> --- Basic date and time types</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="datetime.html#aware-and-naive-objects">Aware and naive objects</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="datetime.html#constants">Constants</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="datetime.html#available-types">Available types</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="datetime.html#common-properties">Common properties</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="datetime.html#determining-if-an-object-is-aware-or-naive">Determining if an object is aware or naive</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="datetime.html#timedelta-objects"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timedelta</span></code> objects</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="datetime.html#examples-of-usage-timedelta">Examples of usage: <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timedelta</span></code></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="datetime.html#date-objects"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">date</span></code> objects</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="datetime.html#examples-of-usage-date">Examples of usage: <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">date</span></code></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="datetime.html#datetime-objects"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code> objects</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="datetime.html#examples-of-usage-datetime">Examples of usage: <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="datetime.html#time-objects"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">time</span></code> objects</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="datetime.html#examples-of-usage-time">Examples of usage: <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">time</span></code></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="datetime.html#tzinfo-objects"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tzinfo</span></code> objects</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="datetime.html#timezone-objects"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timezone</span></code> objects</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="datetime.html#strftime-and-strptime-behavior"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">strftime()</span></code> and <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">strptime()</span></code> behavior</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="datetime.html#strftime-and-strptime-format-codes"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">strftime()</span></code> and <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">strptime()</span></code> format codes</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="datetime.html#technical-detail">Technical detail</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="zoneinfo.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">zoneinfo</span></code> --- IANA time zone support</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="zoneinfo.html#using-zoneinfo">Using <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ZoneInfo</span></code></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="zoneinfo.html#data-sources">Data sources</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="zoneinfo.html#configuring-the-data-sources">Configuring the data sources</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="zoneinfo.html#compile-time-configuration">Compile-time configuration</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="zoneinfo.html#environment-configuration">Environment configuration</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="zoneinfo.html#runtime-configuration">Runtime configuration</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="zoneinfo.html#the-zoneinfo-class">The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ZoneInfo</span></code> class</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="zoneinfo.html#string-representations">String representations</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="zoneinfo.html#pickle-serialization">Pickle serialization</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="zoneinfo.html#functions">Functions</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="zoneinfo.html#globals">Globals</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="zoneinfo.html#exceptions-and-warnings">Exceptions and warnings</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="calendar.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">calendar</span></code> --- General calendar-related functions</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="calendar.html#command-line-usage">Command-line usage</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="collections.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">collections</span></code> --- Container datatypes</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="collections.html#chainmap-objects"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ChainMap</span></code> objects</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="collections.html#chainmap-examples-and-recipes"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ChainMap</span></code> Examples and Recipes</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="collections.html#counter-objects"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Counter</span></code> objects</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="collections.html#deque-objects"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">deque</span></code> objects</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="collections.html#deque-recipes"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">deque</span></code> Recipes</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="collections.html#defaultdict-objects"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">defaultdict</span></code> objects</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="collections.html#defaultdict-examples"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">defaultdict</span></code> Examples</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="collections.html#namedtuple-factory-function-for-tuples-with-named-fields"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">namedtuple()</span></code> Factory Function for Tuples with Named Fields</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="collections.html#ordereddict-objects"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">OrderedDict</span></code> objects</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="collections.html#ordereddict-examples-and-recipes"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">OrderedDict</span></code> Examples and Recipes</a></li>
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