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# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE.
# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation
# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package.
# FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR.
#
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.12\n"
"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-12-04 09:48+0200\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
"Language: \n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:3
msgid "What's New In Python 3.8"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:0
msgid "Editor"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:45
msgid "Raymond Hettinger"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:47
msgid ""
"This article explains the new features in Python 3.8, compared to 3.7. "
"Python 3.8 was released on October 14, 2019. For full details, see the :ref:"
"`changelog <changelog>`."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:61
msgid "Summary -- Release highlights"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:72
msgid "New Features"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:75
msgid "Assignment expressions"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:77
msgid ""
"There is new syntax ``:=`` that assigns values to variables as part of a "
"larger expression. It is affectionately known as \"the walrus operator\" due "
"to its resemblance to `the eyes and tusks of a walrus <https://en.wikipedia."
"org/wiki/Walrus#/media/File:Pacific_Walrus_-_Bull_(8247646168).jpg>`_."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:82
msgid ""
"In this example, the assignment expression helps avoid calling :func:`len` "
"twice::"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:85
msgid ""
"if (n := len(a)) > 10:\n"
" print(f\"List is too long ({n} elements, expected <= 10)\")"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:88
msgid ""
"A similar benefit arises during regular expression matching where match "
"objects are needed twice, once to test whether a match occurred and another "
"to extract a subgroup::"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:92
msgid ""
"discount = 0.0\n"
"if (mo := re.search(r'(\\d+)% discount', advertisement)):\n"
" discount = float(mo.group(1)) / 100.0"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:96
msgid ""
"The operator is also useful with while-loops that compute a value to test "
"loop termination and then need that same value again in the body of the "
"loop::"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:100
msgid ""
"# Loop over fixed length blocks\n"
"while (block := f.read(256)) != '':\n"
" process(block)"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:104
msgid ""
"Another motivating use case arises in list comprehensions where a value "
"computed in a filtering condition is also needed in the expression body::"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:108
msgid ""
"[clean_name.title() for name in names\n"
" if (clean_name := normalize('NFC', name)) in allowed_names]"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:111
msgid ""
"Try to limit use of the walrus operator to clean cases that reduce "
"complexity and improve readability."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:114
msgid "See :pep:`572` for a full description."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:116
msgid "(Contributed by Emily Morehouse in :issue:`35224`.)"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:120
msgid "Positional-only parameters"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:122
msgid ""
"There is a new function parameter syntax ``/`` to indicate that some "
"function parameters must be specified positionally and cannot be used as "
"keyword arguments. This is the same notation shown by ``help()`` for C "
"functions annotated with Larry Hastings' `Argument Clinic <https://devguide."
"python.org/development-tools/clinic/>`__ tool."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:128
msgid ""
"In the following example, parameters *a* and *b* are positional-only, while "
"*c* or *d* can be positional or keyword, and *e* or *f* are required to be "
"keywords::"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:132
msgid ""
"def f(a, b, /, c, d, *, e, f):\n"
" print(a, b, c, d, e, f)"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:135
msgid "The following is a valid call::"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:137
msgid "f(10, 20, 30, d=40, e=50, f=60)"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:139
msgid "However, these are invalid calls::"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:141
msgid ""
"f(10, b=20, c=30, d=40, e=50, f=60) # b cannot be a keyword argument\n"
"f(10, 20, 30, 40, 50, f=60) # e must be a keyword argument"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:144
msgid ""
"One use case for this notation is that it allows pure Python functions to "
"fully emulate behaviors of existing C coded functions. For example, the "
"built-in :func:`divmod` function does not accept keyword arguments::"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:148
msgid ""
"def divmod(a, b, /):\n"
" \"Emulate the built in divmod() function\"\n"
" return (a // b, a % b)"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:152
msgid ""
"Another use case is to preclude keyword arguments when the parameter name is "
"not helpful. For example, the builtin :func:`len` function has the "
"signature ``len(obj, /)``. This precludes awkward calls such as::"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:156
msgid "len(obj='hello') # The \"obj\" keyword argument impairs readability"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:158
msgid ""
"A further benefit of marking a parameter as positional-only is that it "
"allows the parameter name to be changed in the future without risk of "
"breaking client code. For example, in the :mod:`statistics` module, the "
"parameter name *dist* may be changed in the future. This was made possible "
"with the following function specification::"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:164
msgid ""
"def quantiles(dist, /, *, n=4, method='exclusive')\n"
" ..."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:167
msgid ""
"Since the parameters to the left of ``/`` are not exposed as possible "
"keywords, the parameters names remain available for use in ``**kwargs``::"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:170
msgid ""
">>> def f(a, b, /, **kwargs):\n"
"... print(a, b, kwargs)\n"
"...\n"
">>> f(10, 20, a=1, b=2, c=3) # a and b are used in two ways\n"
"10 20 {'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:176
msgid ""
"This greatly simplifies the implementation of functions and methods that "
"need to accept arbitrary keyword arguments. For example, here is an excerpt "
"from code in the :mod:`collections` module::"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:180
msgid ""
"class Counter(dict):\n"
"\n"
" def __init__(self, iterable=None, /, **kwds):\n"
" # Note \"iterable\" is a possible keyword argument"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:185
msgid "See :pep:`570` for a full description."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:187
msgid "(Contributed by Pablo Galindo in :issue:`36540`.)"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:193
msgid "Parallel filesystem cache for compiled bytecode files"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:195
msgid ""
"The new :envvar:`PYTHONPYCACHEPREFIX` setting (also available as :option:`-"
"X` ``pycache_prefix``) configures the implicit bytecode cache to use a "
"separate parallel filesystem tree, rather than the default ``__pycache__`` "
"subdirectories within each source directory."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:201
msgid ""
"The location of the cache is reported in :data:`sys.pycache_prefix` (:const:"
"`None` indicates the default location in ``__pycache__`` subdirectories)."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:205
msgid "(Contributed by Carl Meyer in :issue:`33499`.)"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:209
msgid "Debug build uses the same ABI as release build"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:211
msgid ""
"Python now uses the same ABI whether it's built in release or debug mode. On "
"Unix, when Python is built in debug mode, it is now possible to load C "
"extensions built in release mode and C extensions built using the stable ABI."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:215
msgid ""
"Release builds and :ref:`debug builds <debug-build>` are now ABI compatible: "
"defining the ``Py_DEBUG`` macro no longer implies the ``Py_TRACE_REFS`` "
"macro, which introduces the only ABI incompatibility. The ``Py_TRACE_REFS`` "
"macro, which adds the :func:`sys.getobjects` function and the :envvar:"
"`PYTHONDUMPREFS` environment variable, can be set using the new :option:`./"
"configure --with-trace-refs <--with-trace-refs>` build option. (Contributed "
"by Victor Stinner in :issue:`36465`.)"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:223
msgid ""
"On Unix, C extensions are no longer linked to libpython except on Android "
"and Cygwin. It is now possible for a statically linked Python to load a C "
"extension built using a shared library Python. (Contributed by Victor "
"Stinner in :issue:`21536`.)"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:230
msgid ""
"On Unix, when Python is built in debug mode, import now also looks for C "
"extensions compiled in release mode and for C extensions compiled with the "
"stable ABI. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`36722`.)"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:235
msgid ""
"To embed Python into an application, a new ``--embed`` option must be passed "
"to ``python3-config --libs --embed`` to get ``-lpython3.8`` (link the "
"application to libpython). To support both 3.8 and older, try ``python3-"
"config --libs --embed`` first and fallback to ``python3-config --libs`` "
"(without ``--embed``) if the previous command fails."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:241
msgid ""
"Add a pkg-config ``python-3.8-embed`` module to embed Python into an "
"application: ``pkg-config python-3.8-embed --libs`` includes ``-"
"lpython3.8``. To support both 3.8 and older, try ``pkg-config python-X.Y-"
"embed --libs`` first and fallback to ``pkg-config python-X.Y --libs`` "
"(without ``--embed``) if the previous command fails (replace ``X.Y`` with "
"the Python version)."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:247
msgid ""
"On the other hand, ``pkg-config python3.8 --libs`` no longer contains ``-"
"lpython3.8``. C extensions must not be linked to libpython (except on "
"Android and Cygwin, whose cases are handled by the script); this change is "
"backward incompatible on purpose. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:"
"`36721`.)"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:256
msgid "f-strings support ``=`` for self-documenting expressions and debugging"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:258
msgid ""
"Added an ``=`` specifier to :term:`f-string`\\s. An f-string such as "
"``f'{expr=}'`` will expand to the text of the expression, an equal sign, "
"then the representation of the evaluated expression. For example:"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:267
msgid ""
"The usual :ref:`f-string format specifiers <f-strings>` allow more control "
"over how the result of the expression is displayed::"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:270
msgid ""
">>> delta = date.today() - member_since\n"
">>> f'{user=!s} {delta.days=:,d}'\n"
"'user=eric_idle delta.days=16,075'"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:274
msgid ""
"The ``=`` specifier will display the whole expression so that calculations "
"can be shown::"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:277
msgid ""
">>> print(f'{theta=} {cos(radians(theta))=:.3f}')\n"
"theta=30 cos(radians(theta))=0.866"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:280
msgid "(Contributed by Eric V. Smith and Larry Hastings in :issue:`36817`.)"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:284
msgid "PEP 578: Python Runtime Audit Hooks"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:286
msgid ""
"The PEP adds an Audit Hook and Verified Open Hook. Both are available from "
"Python and native code, allowing applications and frameworks written in pure "
"Python code to take advantage of extra notifications, while also allowing "
"embedders or system administrators to deploy builds of Python where auditing "
"is always enabled."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:292
msgid "See :pep:`578` for full details."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:296
msgid "PEP 587: Python Initialization Configuration"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:298
msgid ""
"The :pep:`587` adds a new C API to configure the Python Initialization "
"providing finer control on the whole configuration and better error "
"reporting."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:301
msgid "New structures:"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:303
msgid ":c:type:`PyConfig`"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:304
msgid ":c:type:`PyPreConfig`"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:305
msgid ":c:type:`PyStatus`"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:306
msgid ":c:type:`PyWideStringList`"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:308
msgid "New functions:"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:310
msgid ":c:func:`PyConfig_Clear`"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:311
msgid ":c:func:`PyConfig_InitIsolatedConfig`"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:312
msgid ":c:func:`PyConfig_InitPythonConfig`"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:313
msgid ":c:func:`PyConfig_Read`"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:314
msgid ":c:func:`PyConfig_SetArgv`"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:315
msgid ":c:func:`PyConfig_SetBytesArgv`"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:316
msgid ":c:func:`PyConfig_SetBytesString`"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:317
msgid ":c:func:`PyConfig_SetString`"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:318
msgid ":c:func:`PyPreConfig_InitIsolatedConfig`"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:319
msgid ":c:func:`PyPreConfig_InitPythonConfig`"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:320
msgid ":c:func:`PyStatus_Error`"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:321
msgid ":c:func:`PyStatus_Exception`"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:322
msgid ":c:func:`PyStatus_Exit`"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:323
msgid ":c:func:`PyStatus_IsError`"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:324
msgid ":c:func:`PyStatus_IsExit`"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:325
msgid ":c:func:`PyStatus_NoMemory`"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:326
msgid ":c:func:`PyStatus_Ok`"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:327
msgid ":c:func:`PyWideStringList_Append`"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:328
msgid ":c:func:`PyWideStringList_Insert`"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:329
msgid ":c:func:`Py_BytesMain`"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:330
msgid ":c:func:`Py_ExitStatusException`"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:331
msgid ":c:func:`Py_InitializeFromConfig`"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:332
msgid ":c:func:`Py_PreInitialize`"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:333
msgid ":c:func:`Py_PreInitializeFromArgs`"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:334
msgid ":c:func:`Py_PreInitializeFromBytesArgs`"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:335
msgid ":c:func:`Py_RunMain`"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:337
msgid ""
"This PEP also adds ``_PyRuntimeState.preconfig`` (:c:type:`PyPreConfig` "
"type) and ``PyInterpreterState.config`` (:c:type:`PyConfig` type) fields to "
"these internal structures. ``PyInterpreterState.config`` becomes the new "
"reference configuration, replacing global configuration variables and other "
"private variables."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:343
msgid ""
"See :ref:`Python Initialization Configuration <init-config>` for the "
"documentation."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:346
msgid "See :pep:`587` for a full description."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:348
msgid "(Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`36763`.)"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:352
msgid "PEP 590: Vectorcall: a fast calling protocol for CPython"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:354
msgid ""
":ref:`vectorcall` is added to the Python/C API. It is meant to formalize "
"existing optimizations which were already done for various classes. Any :ref:"
"`static type <static-types>` implementing a callable can use this protocol."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:360
msgid ""
"This is currently provisional. The aim is to make it fully public in Python "
"3.9."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:363
msgid "See :pep:`590` for a full description."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:365
msgid ""
"(Contributed by Jeroen Demeyer, Mark Shannon and Petr Viktorin in :issue:"
"`36974`.)"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:369
msgid "Pickle protocol 5 with out-of-band data buffers"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:371
msgid ""
"When :mod:`pickle` is used to transfer large data between Python processes "
"in order to take advantage of multi-core or multi-machine processing, it is "
"important to optimize the transfer by reducing memory copies, and possibly "
"by applying custom techniques such as data-dependent compression."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:376
msgid ""
"The :mod:`pickle` protocol 5 introduces support for out-of-band buffers "
"where :pep:`3118`-compatible data can be transmitted separately from the "
"main pickle stream, at the discretion of the communication layer."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:380
msgid "See :pep:`574` for a full description."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:382
msgid "(Contributed by Antoine Pitrou in :issue:`36785`.)"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:386
msgid "Other Language Changes"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:388
msgid ""
"A :keyword:`continue` statement was illegal in the :keyword:`finally` clause "
"due to a problem with the implementation. In Python 3.8 this restriction "
"was lifted. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`32489`.)"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:393
msgid ""
"The :class:`bool`, :class:`int`, and :class:`fractions.Fraction` types now "
"have an :meth:`~int.as_integer_ratio` method like that found in :class:"
"`float` and :class:`decimal.Decimal`. This minor API extension makes it "
"possible to write ``numerator, denominator = x.as_integer_ratio()`` and have "
"it work across multiple numeric types. (Contributed by Lisa Roach in :issue:"
"`33073` and Raymond Hettinger in :issue:`37819`.)"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:401
msgid ""
"Constructors of :class:`int`, :class:`float` and :class:`complex` will now "
"use the :meth:`~object.__index__` special method, if available and the "
"corresponding method :meth:`~object.__int__`, :meth:`~object.__float__` or :"
"meth:`~object.__complex__` is not available. (Contributed by Serhiy "
"Storchaka in :issue:`20092`.)"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:407
msgid ""
"Added support of :samp:`\\\\N\\\\{{name}\\\\}` escapes in :mod:`regular "
"expressions <re>`::"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:409
msgid ""
">>> notice = 'Copyright © 2019'\n"
">>> copyright_year_pattern = re.compile(r'\\N{copyright sign}\\s*(\\d{4})')\n"
">>> int(copyright_year_pattern.search(notice).group(1))\n"
"2019"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:414
msgid ""
"(Contributed by Jonathan Eunice and Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`30688`.)"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:416
msgid ""
"Dict and dictviews are now iterable in reversed insertion order using :func:"
"`reversed`. (Contributed by Rémi Lapeyre in :issue:`33462`.)"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:419
msgid ""
"The syntax allowed for keyword names in function calls was further "
"restricted. In particular, ``f((keyword)=arg)`` is no longer allowed. It was "
"never intended to permit more than a bare name on the left-hand side of a "
"keyword argument assignment term. (Contributed by Benjamin Peterson in :"
"issue:`34641`.)"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:425
msgid ""
"Generalized iterable unpacking in :keyword:`yield` and :keyword:`return` "
"statements no longer requires enclosing parentheses. This brings the *yield* "
"and *return* syntax into better agreement with normal assignment syntax::"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:430
msgid ""
">>> def parse(family):\n"
"... lastname, *members = family.split()\n"
"... return lastname.upper(), *members\n"
"...\n"
">>> parse('simpsons homer marge bart lisa maggie')\n"
"('SIMPSONS', 'homer', 'marge', 'bart', 'lisa', 'maggie')"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:437
msgid "(Contributed by David Cuthbert and Jordan Chapman in :issue:`32117`.)"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:439
msgid ""
"When a comma is missed in code such as ``[(10, 20) (30, 40)]``, the compiler "
"displays a :exc:`SyntaxWarning` with a helpful suggestion. This improves on "
"just having a :exc:`TypeError` indicating that the first tuple was not "
"callable. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`15248`.)"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:445
msgid ""
"Arithmetic operations between subclasses of :class:`datetime.date` or :class:"
"`datetime.datetime` and :class:`datetime.timedelta` objects now return an "
"instance of the subclass, rather than the base class. This also affects the "
"return type of operations whose implementation (directly or indirectly) "
"uses :class:`datetime.timedelta` arithmetic, such as :meth:`~datetime."
"datetime.astimezone`. (Contributed by Paul Ganssle in :issue:`32417`.)"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:453
msgid ""
"When the Python interpreter is interrupted by Ctrl-C (SIGINT) and the "
"resulting :exc:`KeyboardInterrupt` exception is not caught, the Python "
"process now exits via a SIGINT signal or with the correct exit code such "
"that the calling process can detect that it died due to a Ctrl-C. Shells on "
"POSIX and Windows use this to properly terminate scripts in interactive "
"sessions. (Contributed by Google via Gregory P. Smith in :issue:`1054041`.)"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:460
msgid ""
"Some advanced styles of programming require updating the :class:`types."
"CodeType` object for an existing function. Since code objects are "
"immutable, a new code object needs to be created, one that is modeled on the "
"existing code object. With 19 parameters, this was somewhat tedious. Now, "
"the new ``replace()`` method makes it possible to create a clone with a few "
"altered parameters."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:467
msgid ""
"Here's an example that alters the :func:`statistics.mean` function to "
"prevent the *data* parameter from being used as a keyword argument::"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:470
msgid ""
">>> from statistics import mean\n"
">>> mean(data=[10, 20, 90])\n"
"40\n"
">>> mean.__code__ = mean.__code__.replace(co_posonlyargcount=1)\n"
">>> mean(data=[10, 20, 90])\n"
"Traceback (most recent call last):\n"
" ...\n"
"TypeError: mean() got some positional-only arguments passed as keyword "
"arguments: 'data'"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:479
msgid "(Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`37032`.)"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:481
msgid ""
"For integers, the three-argument form of the :func:`pow` function now "
"permits the exponent to be negative in the case where the base is relatively "
"prime to the modulus. It then computes a modular inverse to the base when "
"the exponent is ``-1``, and a suitable power of that inverse for other "
"negative exponents. For example, to compute the `modular multiplicative "
"inverse <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modular_multiplicative_inverse>`_ of "
"38 modulo 137, write::"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:490
msgid ""
">>> pow(38, -1, 137)\n"
"119\n"
">>> 119 * 38 % 137\n"
"1"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:495
msgid ""
"Modular inverses arise in the solution of `linear Diophantine equations "
"<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diophantine_equation>`_. For example, to find "
"integer solutions for ``4258𝑥 + 147𝑦 = 369``, first rewrite as ``4258𝑥 ≡ 369 "
"(mod 147)`` then solve:"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:505
msgid "(Contributed by Mark Dickinson in :issue:`36027`.)"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:507
msgid ""
"Dict comprehensions have been synced-up with dict literals so that the key "
"is computed first and the value second::"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:510
msgid ""
">>> # Dict comprehension\n"
">>> cast = {input('role? '): input('actor? ') for i in range(2)}\n"
"role? King Arthur\n"
"actor? Chapman\n"
"role? Black Knight\n"
"actor? Cleese\n"
"\n"
">>> # Dict literal\n"
">>> cast = {input('role? '): input('actor? ')}\n"
"role? Sir Robin\n"
"actor? Eric Idle"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:522
msgid ""
"The guaranteed execution order is helpful with assignment expressions "
"because variables assigned in the key expression will be available in the "
"value expression::"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:526
msgid ""
">>> names = ['Martin von Löwis', 'Łukasz Langa', 'Walter Dörwald']\n"
">>> {(n := normalize('NFC', name)).casefold() : n for name in names}\n"
"{'martin von löwis': 'Martin von Löwis',\n"
" 'łukasz langa': 'Łukasz Langa',\n"
" 'walter dörwald': 'Walter Dörwald'}"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:532
msgid "(Contributed by Jörn Heissler in :issue:`35224`.)"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:534
msgid ""
"The :meth:`object.__reduce__` method can now return a tuple from two to six "
"elements long. Formerly, five was the limit. The new, optional sixth "
"element is a callable with a ``(obj, state)`` signature. This allows the "
"direct control over the state-updating behavior of a specific object. If "
"not *None*, this callable will have priority over the object's :meth:"
"`~object.__setstate__` method. (Contributed by Pierre Glaser and Olivier "
"Grisel in :issue:`35900`.)"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:543
msgid "New Modules"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:545
msgid ""
"The new :mod:`importlib.metadata` module provides (provisional) support for "
"reading metadata from third-party packages. For example, it can extract an "
"installed package's version number, list of entry points, and more::"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:549
msgid ""
">>> # Note following example requires that the popular \"requests\"\n"
">>> # package has been installed.\n"
">>>\n"
">>> from importlib.metadata import version, requires, files\n"
">>> version('requests')\n"
"'2.22.0'\n"
">>> list(requires('requests'))\n"
"['chardet (<3.1.0,>=3.0.2)']\n"
">>> list(files('requests'))[:5]\n"
"[PackagePath('requests-2.22.0.dist-info/INSTALLER'),\n"
" PackagePath('requests-2.22.0.dist-info/LICENSE'),\n"
" PackagePath('requests-2.22.0.dist-info/METADATA'),\n"
" PackagePath('requests-2.22.0.dist-info/RECORD'),\n"
" PackagePath('requests-2.22.0.dist-info/WHEEL')]"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:564
msgid "(Contributed by Barry Warsaw and Jason R. Coombs in :issue:`34632`.)"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:568
msgid "Improved Modules"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:571
msgid "ast"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:573
msgid ""
"AST nodes now have ``end_lineno`` and ``end_col_offset`` attributes, which "
"give the precise location of the end of the node. (This only applies to "
"nodes that have ``lineno`` and ``col_offset`` attributes.)"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:577
msgid ""
"New function :func:`ast.get_source_segment` returns the source code for a "
"specific AST node."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:580
msgid "(Contributed by Ivan Levkivskyi in :issue:`33416`.)"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:582
msgid "The :func:`ast.parse` function has some new flags:"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:584
msgid ""
"``type_comments=True`` causes it to return the text of :pep:`484` and :pep:"
"`526` type comments associated with certain AST nodes;"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:587
msgid ""
"``mode='func_type'`` can be used to parse :pep:`484` \"signature type "
"comments\" (returned for function definition AST nodes);"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:590
msgid ""
"``feature_version=(3, N)`` allows specifying an earlier Python 3 version. "
"For example, ``feature_version=(3, 4)`` will treat :keyword:`async` and :"
"keyword:`await` as non-reserved words."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:594
msgid "(Contributed by Guido van Rossum in :issue:`35766`.)"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:598
msgid "asyncio"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:600
msgid ""
":func:`asyncio.run` has graduated from the provisional to stable API. This "
"function can be used to execute a :term:`coroutine` and return the result "
"while automatically managing the event loop. For example::"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:604
msgid ""
"import asyncio\n"
"\n"
"async def main():\n"
" await asyncio.sleep(0)\n"
" return 42\n"
"\n"
"asyncio.run(main())"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:612
msgid "This is *roughly* equivalent to::"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:614
msgid ""
"import asyncio\n"
"\n"
"async def main():\n"
" await asyncio.sleep(0)\n"
" return 42\n"
"\n"
"loop = asyncio.new_event_loop()\n"
"asyncio.set_event_loop(loop)\n"
"try:\n"
" loop.run_until_complete(main())\n"
"finally:\n"
" asyncio.set_event_loop(None)\n"
" loop.close()"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:629
msgid ""
"The actual implementation is significantly more complex. Thus, :func:"
"`asyncio.run` should be the preferred way of running asyncio programs."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:632
msgid "(Contributed by Yury Selivanov in :issue:`32314`.)"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:634
msgid ""
"Running ``python -m asyncio`` launches a natively async REPL. This allows "
"rapid experimentation with code that has a top-level :keyword:`await`. "
"There is no longer a need to directly call ``asyncio.run()`` which would "
"spawn a new event loop on every invocation:"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:639
msgid ""
"$ python -m asyncio\n"
"asyncio REPL 3.8.0\n"
"Use \"await\" directly instead of \"asyncio.run()\".\n"
"Type \"help\", \"copyright\", \"credits\" or \"license\" for more "
"information.\n"
">>> import asyncio\n"
">>> await asyncio.sleep(10, result='hello')\n"
"hello"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:649
msgid "(Contributed by Yury Selivanov in :issue:`37028`.)"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.8.rst:1973
msgid ""
"The exception :class:`asyncio.CancelledError` now inherits from :class:"