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#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:3
msgid "What's New In Python 3.1"
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:0
msgid "Author"
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:5
msgid "Raymond Hettinger"
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:49
"This article explains the new features in Python 3.1, compared to 3.0. "
"Python 3.1 was released on June 27, 2009."
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:54
msgid "PEP 372: Ordered Dictionaries"
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:56
"Regular Python dictionaries iterate over key/value pairs in arbitrary order. "
"Over the years, a number of authors have written alternative implementations "
"that remember the order that the keys were originally inserted.  Based on "
"the experiences from those implementations, a new :class:`collections."
"OrderedDict` class has been introduced."
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:62
"The OrderedDict API is substantially the same as regular dictionaries but "
"will iterate over keys and values in a guaranteed order depending on when a "
"key was first inserted.  If a new entry overwrites an existing entry, the "
"original insertion position is left unchanged.  Deleting an entry and "
"reinserting it will move it to the end."
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:68
"The standard library now supports use of ordered dictionaries in several "
"modules.  The :mod:`configparser` module uses them by default.  This lets "
"configuration files be read, modified, and then written back in their "
"original order.  The *_asdict()* method for :func:`collections.namedtuple` "
"now returns an ordered dictionary with the values appearing in the same "
"order as the underlying tuple indices.  The :mod:`json` module is being "
"built-out with an *object_pairs_hook* to allow OrderedDicts to be built by "
"the decoder. Support was also added for third-party tools like `PyYAML "
"<https://pyyaml.org/>`_."
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:79
msgid ":pep:`372` - Ordered Dictionaries"
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:80
"PEP written by Armin Ronacher and Raymond Hettinger.  Implementation written "
"by Raymond Hettinger."
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:83
"Since an ordered dictionary remembers its insertion order, it can be used in "
"conjunction with sorting to make a sorted dictionary::"
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:86
">>> # regular unsorted dictionary\n"
">>> d = {'banana': 3, 'apple':4, 'pear': 1, 'orange': 2}\n"
">>> # dictionary sorted by key\n"
">>> OrderedDict(sorted(d.items(), key=lambda t: t[0]))\n"
"OrderedDict([('apple', 4), ('banana', 3), ('orange', 2), ('pear', 1)])\n"
">>> # dictionary sorted by value\n"
">>> OrderedDict(sorted(d.items(), key=lambda t: t[1]))\n"
"OrderedDict([('pear', 1), ('orange', 2), ('banana', 3), ('apple', 4)])\n"
">>> # dictionary sorted by length of the key string\n"
">>> OrderedDict(sorted(d.items(), key=lambda t: len(t[0])))\n"
"OrderedDict([('pear', 1), ('apple', 4), ('orange', 2), ('banana', 3)])"
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:101
"The new sorted dictionaries maintain their sort order when entries are "
"deleted.  But when new keys are added, the keys are appended to the end and "
"the sort is not maintained."
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:107
msgid "PEP 378: Format Specifier for Thousands Separator"
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:109
"The built-in :func:`format` function and the :meth:`str.format` method use a "
"mini-language that now includes a simple, non-locale aware way to format a "
"number with a thousands separator.  That provides a way to humanize a "
"program's output, improving its professional appearance and readability::"
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:114
">>> format(1234567, ',d')\n"
"'1,234,567'\n"
">>> format(1234567.89, ',.2f')\n"
"'1,234,567.89'\n"
">>> format(12345.6 + 8901234.12j, ',f')\n"
"'12,345.600000+8,901,234.120000j'\n"
">>> format(Decimal('1234567.89'), ',f')\n"
"'1,234,567.89'"
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:123
"The supported types are :class:`int`, :class:`float`, :class:`complex` and :"
"class:`decimal.Decimal`."
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:126
"Discussions are underway about how to specify alternative separators like "
"dots, spaces, apostrophes, or underscores.  Locale-aware applications should "
"use the existing *n* format specifier which already has some support for "
"thousands separators."
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:133
msgid ":pep:`378` - Format Specifier for Thousands Separator"
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:134
"PEP written by Raymond Hettinger and implemented by Eric Smith and Mark "
"Dickinson."
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:139
msgid "Other Language Changes"
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:141
msgid "Some smaller changes made to the core Python language are:"
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:143
"Directories and zip archives containing a :file:`__main__.py` file can now "
"be executed directly by passing their name to the interpreter. The directory/"
"zipfile is automatically inserted as the first entry in sys.path.  "
"(Suggestion and initial patch by Andy Chu; revised patch by Phillip J. Eby "
"and Nick Coghlan; :issue:`1739468`.)"
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:149
"The :func:`int` type gained a ``bit_length`` method that returns the number "
"of bits necessary to represent its argument in binary::"
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:152
">>> n = 37\n"
">>> bin(37)\n"
"'0b100101'\n"
">>> n.bit_length()\n"
">>> n = 2**123-1\n"
">>> n.bit_length()\n"
">>> (n+1).bit_length()\n"
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:163
"(Contributed by Fredrik Johansson, Victor Stinner, Raymond Hettinger, and "
"Mark Dickinson; :issue:`3439`.)"
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:166
"The fields in :func:`format` strings can now be automatically numbered::"
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:169
">>> 'Sir {} of {}'.format('Gallahad', 'Camelot')\n"
"'Sir Gallahad of Camelot'"
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:172
"Formerly, the string would have required numbered fields such as: ``'Sir {0} "
"of {1}'``."
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:175
msgid "(Contributed by Eric Smith; :issue:`5237`.)"
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:177
"The :func:`!string.maketrans` function is deprecated and is replaced by new "
"static methods, :meth:`bytes.maketrans` and :meth:`bytearray.maketrans`. "
"This change solves the confusion around which types were supported by the :"
"mod:`string` module. Now, :class:`str`, :class:`bytes`, and :class:"
"`bytearray` each have their own **maketrans** and **translate** methods with "
"intermediate translation tables of the appropriate type."
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:184
msgid "(Contributed by Georg Brandl; :issue:`5675`.)"
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:186
"The syntax of the :keyword:`with` statement now allows multiple context "
"managers in a single statement::"
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:189
">>> with open('mylog.txt') as infile, open('a.out', 'w') as outfile:\n"
"...     for line in infile:\n"
"...         if '<critical>' in line:\n"
"...             outfile.write(line)"
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:194
"With the new syntax, the :func:`!contextlib.nested` function is no longer "
"needed and is now deprecated."
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:197
"(Contributed by Georg Brandl and Mattias Brändström; `appspot issue 53094 "
"<https://codereview.appspot.com/53094>`_.)"
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:200
"``round(x, n)`` now returns an integer if *x* is an integer. Previously it "
"returned a float::"
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:203
">>> round(1123, -2)\n"
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:206
msgid "(Contributed by Mark Dickinson; :issue:`4707`.)"
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:208
"Python now uses David Gay's algorithm for finding the shortest floating-"
"point representation that doesn't change its value.  This should help "
"mitigate some of the confusion surrounding binary floating-point numbers."
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:213
"The significance is easily seen with a number like ``1.1`` which does not "
"have an exact equivalent in binary floating point.  Since there is no exact "
"equivalent, an expression like ``float('1.1')`` evaluates to the nearest "
"representable value which is ``0x1.199999999999ap+0`` in hex or "
"``1.100000000000000088817841970012523233890533447265625`` in decimal. That "
"nearest value was and still is used in subsequent floating-point "
"calculations."
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:221
"What is new is how the number gets displayed.  Formerly, Python used a "
"simple approach.  The value of ``repr(1.1)`` was computed as ``format(1.1, "
"'.17g')`` which evaluated to ``'1.1000000000000001'``. The advantage of "
"using 17 digits was that it relied on IEEE-754 guarantees to assure that "
"``eval(repr(1.1))`` would round-trip exactly to its original value.  The "
"disadvantage is that many people found the output to be confusing (mistaking "
"intrinsic limitations of binary floating-point representation as being a "
"problem with Python itself)."
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:230
"The new algorithm for ``repr(1.1)`` is smarter and returns ``'1.1'``. "
"Effectively, it searches all equivalent string representations (ones that "
"get stored with the same underlying float value) and returns the shortest "
"representation."
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:235
"The new algorithm tends to emit cleaner representations when possible, but "
"it does not change the underlying values.  So, it is still the case that "
"``1.1 + 2.2 != 3.3`` even though the representations may suggest otherwise."
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:239
"The new algorithm depends on certain features in the underlying floating-"
"point implementation.  If the required features are not found, the old "
"algorithm will continue to be used.  Also, the text pickle protocols assure "
"cross-platform portability by using the old algorithm."
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:244
msgid "(Contributed by Eric Smith and Mark Dickinson; :issue:`1580`)"
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:247
msgid "New, Improved, and Deprecated Modules"
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:249
"Added a :class:`collections.Counter` class to support convenient counting of "
"unique items in a sequence or iterable::"
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:252
">>> Counter(['red', 'blue', 'red', 'green', 'blue', 'blue'])\n"
"Counter({'blue': 3, 'red': 2, 'green': 1})"
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:255
msgid "(Contributed by Raymond Hettinger; :issue:`1696199`.)"
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:257
"Added a new module, :mod:`tkinter.ttk` for access to the Tk themed widget "
"set. The basic idea of ttk is to separate, to the extent possible, the code "
"implementing a widget's behavior from the code implementing its appearance."
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:261
msgid "(Contributed by Guilherme Polo; :issue:`2983`.)"
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:263
"The :class:`gzip.GzipFile` and :class:`bz2.BZ2File` classes now support the "
"context management protocol::"
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:266
">>> # Automatically close file after writing\n"
">>> with gzip.GzipFile(filename, \"wb\") as f:\n"
"...     f.write(b\"xxx\")"
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:270
msgid "(Contributed by Antoine Pitrou.)"
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:272
"The :mod:`decimal` module now supports methods for creating a decimal object "
"from a binary :class:`float`.  The conversion is exact but can sometimes be "
"surprising::"
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:276
">>> Decimal.from_float(1.1)\n"
"Decimal('1.100000000000000088817841970012523233890533447265625')"
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:279
"The long decimal result shows the actual binary fraction being stored for "
"*1.1*.  The fraction has many digits because *1.1* cannot be exactly "
"represented in binary."
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:283
msgid "(Contributed by Raymond Hettinger and Mark Dickinson.)"
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:285
"The :mod:`itertools` module grew two new functions.  The :func:`itertools."
"combinations_with_replacement` function is one of four for generating "
"combinatorics including permutations and Cartesian products.  The :func:"
"`itertools.compress` function mimics its namesake from APL.  Also, the "
"existing :func:`itertools.count` function now has an optional *step* "
"argument and can accept any type of counting sequence including :class:"
"`fractions.Fraction` and :class:`decimal.Decimal`::"
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:294
">>> [p+q for p,q in combinations_with_replacement('LOVE', 2)]\n"
"['LL', 'LO', 'LV', 'LE', 'OO', 'OV', 'OE', 'VV', 'VE', 'EE']\n"
">>> list(compress(data=range(10), selectors=[0,0,1,1,0,1,0,1,0,0]))\n"
"[2, 3, 5, 7]\n"
">>> c = count(start=Fraction(1,2), step=Fraction(1,6))\n"
">>> [next(c), next(c), next(c), next(c)]\n"
"[Fraction(1, 2), Fraction(2, 3), Fraction(5, 6), Fraction(1, 1)]"
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:304
msgid "(Contributed by Raymond Hettinger.)"
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:306
":func:`collections.namedtuple` now supports a keyword argument *rename* "
"which lets invalid fieldnames be automatically converted to positional names "
"in the form _0, _1, etc.  This is useful when the field names are being "
"created by an external source such as a CSV header, SQL field list, or user "
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:312
">>> query = input()\n"
"SELECT region, dept, count(*) FROM main GROUPBY region, dept\n"
">>> cursor.execute(query)\n"
">>> query_fields = [desc[0] for desc in cursor.description]\n"
">>> UserQuery = namedtuple('UserQuery', query_fields, rename=True)\n"
">>> pprint.pprint([UserQuery(*row) for row in cursor])\n"
"[UserQuery(region='South', dept='Shipping', _2=185),\n"
" UserQuery(region='North', dept='Accounting', _2=37),\n"
" UserQuery(region='West', dept='Sales', _2=419)]"
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:323
msgid "(Contributed by Raymond Hettinger; :issue:`1818`.)"
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:325
"The :func:`re.sub`, :func:`re.subn` and :func:`re.split` functions now "
"accept a flags parameter."
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:328
msgid "(Contributed by Gregory Smith.)"
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:330
"The :mod:`logging` module now implements a simple :class:`logging."
"NullHandler` class for applications that are not using logging but are "
"calling library code that does.  Setting-up a null handler will suppress "
"spurious warnings such as \"No handlers could be found for logger foo\"::"
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:335
">>> h = logging.NullHandler()\n"
">>> logging.getLogger(\"foo\").addHandler(h)"
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:338
msgid "(Contributed by Vinay Sajip; :issue:`4384`)."
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:340
"The :mod:`runpy` module which supports the ``-m`` command line switch now "
"supports the execution of packages by looking for and executing a "
"``__main__`` submodule when a package name is supplied."
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:344
msgid "(Contributed by Andi Vajda; :issue:`4195`.)"
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:346
"The :mod:`pdb` module can now access and display source code loaded via :mod:"
"`zipimport` (or any other conformant :pep:`302` loader)."
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:349
msgid "(Contributed by Alexander Belopolsky; :issue:`4201`.)"
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:351
msgid ":class:`functools.partial` objects can now be pickled."
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:353
"(Suggested by Antoine Pitrou and Jesse Noller.  Implemented by Jack "
"Diederich; :issue:`5228`.)"
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:356
"Add :mod:`pydoc` help topics for symbols so that ``help('@')`` works as "
"expected in the interactive environment."
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:359
msgid "(Contributed by David Laban; :issue:`4739`.)"
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:361
"The :mod:`unittest` module now supports skipping individual tests or classes "
"of tests. And it supports marking a test as an expected failure, a test that "
"is known to be broken, but shouldn't be counted as a failure on a "
"TestResult::"
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:366
"class TestGizmo(unittest.TestCase):\n"
"    @unittest.skipUnless(sys.platform.startswith(\"win\"), \"requires "
"Windows\")\n"
"    def test_gizmo_on_windows(self):\n"
"        ...\n"
"    @unittest.expectedFailure\n"
"    def test_gimzo_without_required_library(self):\n"
"        ..."
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:376
"Also, tests for exceptions have been builtout to work with context managers "
"using the :keyword:`with` statement::"
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:379
"def test_division_by_zero(self):\n"
"    with self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError):\n"
"        x / 0"
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:383
"In addition, several new assertion methods were added including :meth:"
"`~unittest.TestCase.assertSetEqual`, :meth:`~unittest.TestCase."
"assertDictEqual`, :meth:`!assertDictContainsSubset`, :meth:`~unittest."
"TestCase.assertListEqual`, :meth:`~unittest.TestCase.assertTupleEqual`, :"
"meth:`~unittest.TestCase.assertSequenceEqual`, :meth:`assertRaisesRegexp() "
"<unittest.TestCase.assertRaisesRegex>`, :meth:`~unittest.TestCase."
"assertIsNone`, and :meth:`~unittest.TestCase.assertIsNotNone`."
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:394
msgid "(Contributed by Benjamin Peterson and Antoine Pitrou.)"
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:396
"The :mod:`io` module has three new constants for the :meth:`~io.IOBase.seek` "
"method: :data:`~os.SEEK_SET`, :data:`~os.SEEK_CUR`, and :data:`~os.SEEK_END`."
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:399
msgid "The :data:`sys.version_info` tuple is now a named tuple::"
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:401
">>> sys.version_info\n"
"sys.version_info(major=3, minor=1, micro=0, releaselevel='alpha', serial=2)"
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:404
msgid "(Contributed by Ross Light; :issue:`4285`.)"
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:406
msgid "The :mod:`!nntplib` and :mod:`imaplib` modules now support IPv6."
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:408
msgid "(Contributed by Derek Morr; :issue:`1655` and :issue:`1664`.)"
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:410
"The :mod:`pickle` module has been adapted for better interoperability with "
"Python 2.x when used with protocol 2 or lower.  The reorganization of the "
"standard library changed the formal reference for many objects.  For "
"example, ``__builtin__.set`` in Python 2 is called ``builtins.set`` in "
"Python 3. This change confounded efforts to share data between different "
"versions of Python.  But now when protocol 2 or lower is selected, the "
"pickler will automatically use the old Python 2 names for both loading and "
"dumping. This remapping is turned-on by default but can be disabled with the "
"*fix_imports* option::"
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:420
">>> s = {1, 2, 3}\n"
">>> pickle.dumps(s, protocol=0)\n"
"b'c__builtin__\\nset\\np0\\n((lp1\\nL1L\\naL2L\\naL3L\\natp2\\nRp3\\n.'\n"
">>> pickle.dumps(s, protocol=0, fix_imports=False)\n"
"b'cbuiltins\\nset\\np0\\n((lp1\\nL1L\\naL2L\\naL3L\\natp2\\nRp3\\n.'"
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:426
"An unfortunate but unavoidable side-effect of this change is that protocol 2 "
"pickles produced by Python 3.1 won't be readable with Python 3.0. The latest "
"pickle protocol, protocol 3, should be used when migrating data between "
"Python 3.x implementations, as it doesn't attempt to remain compatible with "
"Python 2.x."
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:432
"(Contributed by Alexandre Vassalotti and Antoine Pitrou, :issue:`6137`.)"
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:434
"A new module, :mod:`importlib` was added.  It provides a complete, portable, "
"pure Python reference implementation of the :keyword:`import` statement and "
"its counterpart, the :func:`__import__` function.  It represents a "
"substantial step forward in documenting and defining the actions that take "
"place during imports."
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:440
msgid "(Contributed by Brett Cannon.)"
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:443
msgid "Optimizations"
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:445
msgid "Major performance enhancements have been added:"
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:447
"The new I/O library (as defined in :pep:`3116`) was mostly written in Python "
"and quickly proved to be a problematic bottleneck in Python 3.0. In Python "
"3.1, the I/O library has been entirely rewritten in C and is 2 to 20 times "
"faster depending on the task at hand. The pure Python version is still "
"available for experimentation purposes through the ``_pyio`` module."
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:454
msgid "(Contributed by Amaury Forgeot d'Arc and Antoine Pitrou.)"
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:456
"Added a heuristic so that tuples and dicts containing only untrackable "
"objects are not tracked by the garbage collector. This can reduce the size "
"of collections and therefore the garbage collection overhead on long-running "
"programs, depending on their particular use of datatypes."
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:461
msgid "(Contributed by Antoine Pitrou, :issue:`4688`.)"
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:463
"Enabling a configure option named ``--with-computed-gotos`` on compilers "
"that support it (notably: gcc, SunPro, icc), the bytecode evaluation loop is "
"compiled with a new dispatch mechanism which gives speedups of up to 20%, "
"depending on the system, the compiler, and the benchmark."
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:469
"(Contributed by Antoine Pitrou along with a number of other participants, :"
"issue:`4753`)."
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:472
"The decoding of UTF-8, UTF-16 and LATIN-1 is now two to four times faster."
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:475
"(Contributed by Antoine Pitrou and Amaury Forgeot d'Arc, :issue:`4868`.)"
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:477
"The :mod:`json` module now has a C extension to substantially improve its "
"performance.  In addition, the API was modified so that json works only "
"with :class:`str`, not with :class:`bytes`.  That change makes the module "
"closely match the `JSON specification <https://json.org/>`_ which is defined "
"in terms of Unicode."
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:483
"(Contributed by Bob Ippolito and converted to Py3.1 by Antoine Pitrou and "
"Benjamin Peterson; :issue:`4136`.)"
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:486
"Unpickling now interns the attribute names of pickled objects.  This saves "
"memory and allows pickles to be smaller."
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:489
msgid "(Contributed by Jake McGuire and Antoine Pitrou; :issue:`5084`.)"
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:492
msgid "IDLE"
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:494
"IDLE's format menu now provides an option to strip trailing whitespace from "
"a source file."
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:497
msgid "(Contributed by Roger D. Serwy; :issue:`5150`.)"
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:500
msgid "Build and C API Changes"
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:502
msgid "Changes to Python's build process and to the C API include:"
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:504
"Integers are now stored internally either in base ``2**15`` or in base "
"``2**30``, the base being determined at build time.  Previously, they were "
"always stored in base ``2**15``.  Using base ``2**30`` gives significant "
"performance improvements on 64-bit machines, but benchmark results on 32-bit "
"machines have been mixed.  Therefore, the default is to use base ``2**30`` "
"on 64-bit machines and base ``2**15`` on 32-bit machines; on Unix, there's a "
"new configure option ``--enable-big-digits`` that can be used to override "
"this default."
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:513
"Apart from the performance improvements this change should be invisible to "
"end users, with one exception: for testing and debugging purposes there's a "
"new :data:`sys.int_info` that provides information about the internal "
"format, giving the number of bits per digit and the size in bytes of the C "
"type used to store each digit::"
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:519
">>> import sys\n"
">>> sys.int_info\n"
"sys.int_info(bits_per_digit=30, sizeof_digit=4)"
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:523
msgid "(Contributed by Mark Dickinson; :issue:`4258`.)"
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:525
"The :c:func:`PyLong_AsUnsignedLongLong()` function now handles a negative "
"*pylong* by raising :exc:`OverflowError` instead of :exc:`TypeError`."
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:528
msgid "(Contributed by Mark Dickinson and Lisandro Dalcrin; :issue:`5175`.)"
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:530
"Deprecated :c:func:`!PyNumber_Int`.  Use :c:func:`PyNumber_Long` instead."
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:532
msgid "(Contributed by Mark Dickinson; :issue:`4910`.)"
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:534
"Added a new :c:func:`PyOS_string_to_double` function to replace the "
"deprecated functions :c:func:`!PyOS_ascii_strtod` and :c:func:`!"
"PyOS_ascii_atof`."
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:537
msgid "(Contributed by Mark Dickinson; :issue:`5914`.)"
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:539
"Added :c:type:`PyCapsule` as a replacement for the :c:type:`!PyCObject` API. "
"The principal difference is that the new type has a well defined interface "
"for passing typing safety information and a less complicated signature for "
"calling a destructor.  The old type had a problematic API and is now "
"deprecated."
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:545
msgid "(Contributed by Larry Hastings; :issue:`5630`.)"
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:548
msgid "Porting to Python 3.1"
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:550
"This section lists previously described changes and other bugfixes that may "
"require changes to your code:"
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:553
"The new floating-point string representations can break existing doctests. "
"For example::"
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:556
"def e():\n"
"    '''Compute the base of natural logarithms.\n"
"    >>> e()\n"
"    '''\n"
"    return sum(1/math.factorial(x) for x in reversed(range(30)))\n"
"doctest.testmod()\n"
"**********************************************************************\n"
"Failed example:\n"
"    e()\n"
"Expected:\n"
"**********************************************************************"
#: whatsnew/3.1.rst:576
"The automatic name remapping in the pickle module for protocol 2 or lower "
"can make Python 3.1 pickles unreadable in Python 3.0.  One solution is to "
"use protocol 3.  Another solution is to set the *fix_imports* option to "
"``False``. See the discussion above for more details."
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