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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<meta name="author" content="Matt Makai">
<meta name="description" content="Learn about JavaScript and MVC frameworks for web applications on Full Stack Python.">
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<title>JavaScript - Full Stack Python</title>
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<p class="banner"><a href="https://www.gumroad.com/l/python-deployments" style="color: #fff">Learning web development? Check out The Full Stack Python Guide to Deployments book</a>!</p>
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<h1>JavaScript</h1>
<p>JavaScript is a small scripting programming language embedded in web browsers
to enable dynamic content and interaction. </p>
<h2>Why is JavaScript necessary?</h2>
<p>JavaScript executes in the client and enables dynamic content and interaction
that is not possible with HTML and CSS alone. Every modern Python web
application uses JavaScript on the front end. </p>
<h2>Front end frameworks</h2>
<p>Front end JavaScript frameworks move the rendering for most of a web
application to the client side. Often these applications are informally
referred to as "one page apps" because the webpage is not reloaded upon every
click to a new URL. Instead, partial HTML pages are loaded into the
document object model or data is retrieved through an API call then displayed
on the existing page.</p>
<p>Examples of these front end frameworks include:</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><a href="https://angularjs.org/">Angular.js</a></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="http://backbonejs.org/">Backbone.js</a></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="http://emberjs.com/">Ember.js</a></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p>Front end frameworks are rapidly evolving. Over the next several years
consensus about good practices for using the frameworks will emerge.</p>
<h2>How did JavaScript originate?</h2>
<p>JavaScript is an implementation of
<a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/JavaScript_Overview">the ECMAScript specification</a>
which is defined by the
<a href="http://www.ecma-international.org/default.htm">Ecma International Standards Body</a>.</p>
<h2>JavaScript resources</h2>
<ul>
<li>
<p><a href="http://ashleynolan.co.uk/blog/frontend-tooling-survey-2015-results">Frontend tooling in 2015</a>
shows the results of a survey for what frontend developers are using for
CSS pre- and post-processing and other build steps.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="http://www.html5rocks.com/en/tutorials/internals/howbrowserswork/">How Browsers Work</a>
is a great overview of both JavaScript and CSS as well as how pages are
rendered in a browser.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/A_re-introduction_to_JavaScript">A re-introduction to JavaScript</a>
by Mozilla walks through the basic syntax and operators.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="http://www.smashingmagazine.com/2011/10/28/useful-coding-workflow-tools-for-web-designers-developers/">Coding tools and JavaScript libraries</a>
is a huge list by Smashing Magazine with explanations for each tool and
library for working with JavaScript.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="http://superherojs.com/">Superhero.js</a> is an incredibly well designed list
of resources for how to test, organize, understand and generally work with
JavaScript.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="http://www.unheap.com/">Unheap</a> is an amazing collection of reusable JQuery
plugins for everything from navigation to displaying media.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="http://www.breck-mckye.com/blog/2014/12/the-state-of-javascript-in-2015/">The State of JavaScript in 2015</a>
is an opinion piece about favoring small, single-purpose JavaScript libraries
over larger frameworks due to churn in the ecosystem.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="http://www.infoq.com/articles/modern-javascript-toolbox">The Modern JavaScript Developer’s Toolbox </a>
provides a high-level overview of tools frequently used on the client and
server side for developers using JavaScript in their web applications.</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h2>JavaScript learning checklist</h2>
<ol>
<li>
<p>Create a simple HTML file with basic elements in it. Use the
<code>python -m SimpleHTTPServer</code> command to serve it up. Create a
<code><script type="text/javascript"></script></code>
element at the end of the <code><body></code> section in the HTML page. Play
with JavaScript within that element to learn the basic syntax.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Download <a href="http://jquery.com/">JQuery</a> and add it to the page above your
JavaScript element. Start working with JQuery and learning how it makes
basic JavaScript easier.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Work with JavaScript on the page. Incorporate examples from open source
projects listed below as well as JQuery plugins. Check out
<a href="http://www.unheap.com/">Unheap</a> to find a large collection of categorized
JQuery plugins.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Check out the JavaScript resources below to learn more about advanced
concepts and open source libraries.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Integrate JavaScript into your web application and check the
<a href="/static-content.html">static content</a> section for how to host the
JavaScript files.</p>
</li>
</ol>
<h3>Do you need to style your app or deploy it?</h3>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4">
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<p class="under-btn">My app runs but looks awful. How do I style the user interface?</p> </div>
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<p class="under-btn">I've built a Python web app, now how do I deploy it?</p> </div>
</div>
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<p class="under-btn">How should I host and service static content files?</p> </div>
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<a href="/introduction.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>1. Introduction</a><a href="/learning-programming.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Learning Programming</a><a href="/why-use-python.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Why Use Python?</a><a href="/python-2-or-3.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Python 2 or 3?</a><a href="/enterprise-python.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Enterprise Python</a><a href="/best-python-resources.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Best Python Resources</a><a href="/best-python-videos.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Best Python Videos</a><a href="/development-environments.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>2. Development Environments</a><a href="/vim.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Vim</a><a href="/emacs.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Emacs</a><a href="/python-programming-language.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>3. Core Language</a><a href="/generators.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Generators</a><a href="/comprehensions.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Comprehensions</a><a href="/web-development.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>4. Web Development</a><a href="/web-frameworks.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Web Frameworks</a><a href="/django.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Django</a><a href="/flask.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Flask</a><a href="/bottle.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Bottle</a><a href="/pyramid.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Pyramid</a><a href="/morepath.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Morepath</a><a href="/other-web-frameworks.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Other Web Frameworks</a><a href="/web-design.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Web Design</a><a href="/cascading-style-sheets.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)</a><a href="/javascript.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item active" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>JavaScript</a><a href="/websockets.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>WebSockets</a><a href="/template-engines.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Template Engines</a><a href="/web-application-security.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Web Application Security</a><a href="/static-site-generator.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Static Site Generators</a><a href="/jinja2.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Jinja2</a><a href="/data.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>5. Data</a><a href="/databases.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Relational Databases</a><a href="/no-sql-datastore.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>NoSQL Data Stores</a><a href="/object-relational-mappers-orms.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Object-relational Mappers</a><a href="/postgresql.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>PostgreSQL</a><a href="/mysql.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>MySQL</a><a href="/sqlite.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>SQLite</a><a href="/application-programming-interfaces.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>6. Web APIs</a><a href="/api-integration.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>API Integration</a><a href="/api-creation.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>API Creation</a><a href="/deployment.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>7. 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Meta</a><a href="/change-log.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Change Log</a><a href="/future-directions.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Future Directions</a><a href="/about-author.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>About the Author</a> <a href="/table-of-contents.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",san-serif;background-color:#22B24C; color: #fff;'>...or <span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted;">view the full table of contents</span>.</a>
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<a href="/data.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>5. Data</a><a href="/application-programming-interfaces.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>6. Web APIs</a><a href="/deployment.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>7. Deployment</a><a href="/testing.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>8. Testing</a><a href="/what-full-stack-means.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>9. Meta</a> <a href="/table-of-contents.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",san-serif;background-color:#22B24C; color: #fff;'>...or <span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted;">view the full table of contents</span>.</a>
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