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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>1.11. 正则处理字符串</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../docbook.css" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets Vsnapshot" /><meta name="keywords" content="php,pear,pecl,phar, python, , " /><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="Netkiller Python 手札" /><link rel="up" href="index.html" title="第 1 章 Python 入门" /><link rel="prev" href="class.html" title="1.10. Class" /><link rel="next" href="ch01s12.html" title="1.12. 循环" /></head><body><a xmlns="" href="//www.netkiller.cn/">Home</a> | <a xmlns="" href="//netkiller.github.io/">简体中文</a> | <a xmlns="" href="http://netkiller.sourceforge.net/">繁体中文</a> | <a xmlns="" href="/journal/index.html">杂文</a>
| <a xmlns="" href="https://github.com/netkiller">Github</a> | <a xmlns="" href="https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/netkiller">知乎专栏</a> | <a xmlns="" href="https://www.facebook.com/bg7nyt">Facebook</a> | <a xmlns="" href="http://cn.linkedin.com/in/netkiller/">Linkedin</a> | <a xmlns="" href="https://www.youtube.com/user/bg7nyt/videos">Youtube</a> | <a xmlns="" href="//www.netkiller.cn/home/donations.html">打赏(Donations)</a> | <a xmlns="" href="//www.netkiller.cn/home/about.html">About</a><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">1.11. 正则处理字符串</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="class.html">上一页</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">第 1 章 Python 入门</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="ch01s12.html">下一页</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><table xmlns=""><tr><td><iframe src="//ghbtns.com/github-btn.html?user=netkiller&repo=netkiller.github.io&type=watch&count=true&size=large" height="30" width="170" frameborder="0" scrolling="0" style="width:170px; height: 30px;" allowTransparency="true"></iframe></td><td><iframe src="//ghbtns.com/github-btn.html?user=netkiller&repo=netkiller.github.io&type=fork&count=true&size=large" height="30" width="170" frameborder="0" scrolling="0" style="width:170px; height: 30px;" allowTransparency="true"></iframe></td><td><iframe src="//ghbtns.com/github-btn.html?user=netkiller&type=follow&count=true&size=large" height="30" width="240" frameborder="0" scrolling="0" style="width:240px; height: 30px;" allowTransparency="true"></iframe></td><td></td><td><a href="https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/netkiller"><img src="/images/logo/zhihu-card-default.svg" height="25" /></a></td><td valign="middle"><a href="https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/netkiller">知乎专栏</a></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr></table><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="python.regular"></a>1.11. 正则处理字符串</h2></div></div></div>
<div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="id905"></a>1.11.1. 正则替换</h3></div></div></div>
<pre class="screen">
import re
string = "TMP AAAAAA\r\nMSG BBBB"
print(re.sub(r'(TMP|MSG)\s', "", string))
</pre>
</div>
<div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="id906"></a>1.11.2. match</h3></div></div></div>
<pre class="programlisting">
#!/usr/bin/python
import re
string = "/aaa/bbb/ccc"
match = re.match(r"/aaa/bbb/(.*)", string)
print(match)
print(match.span())
print(match.string)
print(match.group())
print(match.group(1))
print(match.groups())
print(match.groupdict())
</pre>
<p>输出</p>
<pre class="screen">
<re.Match object; span=(0, 12), match='/aaa/bbb/ccc'>
(0, 12)
/aaa/bbb/ccc
/aaa/bbb/ccc
ccc
('ccc',)
{}
</pre>
</div>
<div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="id907"></a>1.11.3. 正则查找</h3></div></div></div>
<pre class="programlisting">
#!/usr/bin/python
import re
regular = "打开|关闭|结束|暂停"
question = "打开电灯，然后关闭"
pattern = re.compile(regular)
result = pattern.findall(question)
print(result)
</pre>
<pre class="programlisting">
#!/usr/bin/python
import re
regular = "(打开|播放)圣经第(.+)卷第(.*)章"
question = "打开圣经第三卷第二章"
pattern = re.compile(regular)
result = pattern.findall(question)
print(result)
</pre>
</div>
<div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="id908"></a>1.11.4. 正则匹配后返回字典</h3></div></div></div>
<pre class="programlisting">
#!/usr/bin/python
import re
m = re.match(r"(?P<firstname>\w+) (?P<lastname>\w+)", "Neo Chen")
print(m.group("firstname"), m.group("lastname"))
</pre>
<p></p>
<pre class="programlisting">
>>> match = re.search(r'(foo)?(bar)?', 'foo')
>>> match and match.groups()[1]
None
>>> match = re.search(r'(foo)?(bar)?', 'foobar')
>>> match and match.groups()[1]
'bar'
match = re.search(r'(?P<foo>foo)?(?P<bar>bar)?', 'foo')
match and match.groupdict().get('bar')
match = re.search(r'(?P<foo>foo)?(?P<bar>bar)?', 'foobar')
match and match.groupdict().get('bar')
</pre>
</div>
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