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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>1.6. Python 模块</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../docbook.css" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets Vsnapshot" /><meta name="keywords" content="php,pear,pecl,phar, python, , " /><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="Netkiller Python 手札" /><link rel="up" href="index.html" title="第 1 章 Python 入门" /><link rel="prev" href="pypi.html" title="1.5. Python Package Index (PyPI)" /><link rel="next" href="type.html" title="1.7. 数据类型" /></head><body><a xmlns="" href="//www.netkiller.cn/">Home</a> | <a xmlns="" href="//netkiller.github.io/">简体中文</a> | <a xmlns="" href="http://netkiller.sourceforge.net/">繁体中文</a> | <a xmlns="" href="/journal/index.html">杂文</a>
| <a xmlns="" href="https://github.com/netkiller">Github</a> | <a xmlns="" href="https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/netkiller">知乎专栏</a> | <a xmlns="" href="https://www.facebook.com/bg7nyt">Facebook</a> | <a xmlns="" href="http://cn.linkedin.com/in/netkiller/">Linkedin</a> | <a xmlns="" href="https://www.youtube.com/user/bg7nyt/videos">Youtube</a> | <a xmlns="" href="//www.netkiller.cn/home/donations.html">打赏(Donations)</a> | <a xmlns="" href="//www.netkiller.cn/home/about.html">About</a><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">1.6. Python 模块</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="pypi.html">上一页</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">第 1 章 Python 入门</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="type.html">下一页</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><table xmlns=""><tr><td><iframe src="//ghbtns.com/github-btn.html?user=netkiller&repo=netkiller.github.io&type=watch&count=true&size=large" height="30" width="170" frameborder="0" scrolling="0" style="width:170px; height: 30px;" allowTransparency="true"></iframe></td><td><iframe src="//ghbtns.com/github-btn.html?user=netkiller&repo=netkiller.github.io&type=fork&count=true&size=large" height="30" width="170" frameborder="0" scrolling="0" style="width:170px; height: 30px;" allowTransparency="true"></iframe></td><td><iframe src="//ghbtns.com/github-btn.html?user=netkiller&type=follow&count=true&size=large" height="30" width="240" frameborder="0" scrolling="0" style="width:240px; height: 30px;" allowTransparency="true"></iframe></td><td></td><td><a href="https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/netkiller"><img src="/images/logo/zhihu-card-default.svg" height="25" /></a></td><td valign="middle"><a href="https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/netkiller">知乎专栏</a></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr></table><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="python.module"></a>1.6. Python 模块</h2></div></div></div>
<div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="id826"></a>1.6.1. 同级目录</h3></div></div></div>
<p>同级目录下有两个文件，分别是 a.py 和 test.py。我们将在 test.py 中导入 a.py</p>
<pre class="screen">
a.py
test.py
</pre>
<p>a.py 文件</p>
<pre class="screen">
neo@MacBook-Pro-Neo ~/workspace/devops % cat a.py
def say():
print("hello")%
</pre>
<p>test.py 文件</p>
<pre class="screen">
neo@MacBook-Pro-Neo ~/workspace/devops % cat test.py
import a
a.say()
</pre>
<p>运行结果</p>
<pre class="screen">
neo@MacBook-Pro-Neo ~/workspace/devops % python3 test.py
hello
</pre>
</div>
<div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="id827"></a>1.6.2. 一级目录</h3></div></div></div>
<p></p>
<pre class="screen">
dir/a.py
dir/__init__.py
test.py
</pre>
<p></p>
<pre class="screen">
neo@MacBook-Pro-Neo ~/workspace/devops % cat dir/a.py
def say():
print("hello")
neo@MacBook-Pro-Neo ~/workspace/devops % cat test.py
from dir import a
a.say()
</pre>
<p></p>
<pre class="screen">
neo@MacBook-Pro-Neo ~/workspace/devops % python3 test.py
hello
</pre>
</div>
<div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="id828"></a>1.6.3. 二级子目录</h3></div></div></div>
<pre class="screen">
test.py
dir
|--subdir
|-- b.py
</pre>
<pre class="screen">
neo@MacBook-Pro-Neo ~/workspace/devops % cat dir/subdir/b.py
def sayhello():
print("helloworld!!!")
neo@MacBook-Pro-Neo ~/workspace/devops % cat test.py
from dir.subdir import b
b.sayhello()%
</pre>
<p></p>
<pre class="screen">
neo@MacBook-Pro-Neo ~/workspace/devops % python3 test.py
helloworld!!!
</pre>
</div>
<div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="id829"></a>1.6.4. 子目录调用上级目录</h3></div></div></div>
<pre class="screen">
neo@MacBook-Pro-Neo ~/workspace/devops % find dir
dir
dir/a.py
dir/subdir
dir/subdir/c.py
dir/subdir/b.py
</pre>
<pre class="screen">
neo@MacBook-Pro-Neo ~/workspace/devops % cat dir/subdir/c.py
import b
b.sayhello()
import sys,os
path = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
# print(path)
sys.path.insert(0, path)
import a
a.say()
sys.path.append(os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))))
from dir import a
a.say()
</pre>
<p></p>
<pre class="screen">
neo@MacBook-Pro-Neo ~/workspace/devops % python3 dir/subdir/c.py
helloworld!!!
hello
hello
</pre>
</div>
<div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="id830"></a>1.6.5. 导入类</h3></div></div></div>
<pre class="screen">
neo@MacBook-Pro-Neo ~/workspace/devops % cat netkiller/dir/class1.py
class TestClass():
def __init__(self, name="None"):
self.name = name
def say(self):
print(self.name)
</pre>
<p></p>
<pre class="screen">
from netkiller.dir.class1 import *
tc = TestClass('neo')
tc.say()
</pre>
</div>
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