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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>1.2. Python 安装</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../docbook.css" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets Vsnapshot" /><meta name="keywords" content="php,pear,pecl,phar, python, , " /><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="Netkiller Python 手札" /><link rel="up" href="index.html" title="第 1 章 Python 入门" /><link rel="prev" href="index.html" title="第 1 章 Python 入门" /><link rel="next" href="venv.html" title="1.3. venv - Python 虚拟环境" /></head><body><a xmlns="" href="//www.netkiller.cn/">Home</a> | <a xmlns="" href="//netkiller.github.io/">简体中文</a> | <a xmlns="" href="http://netkiller.sourceforge.net/">繁体中文</a> | <a xmlns="" href="/journal/index.html">杂文</a>
| <a xmlns="" href="https://github.com/netkiller">Github</a> | <a xmlns="" href="https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/netkiller">知乎专栏</a> | <a xmlns="" href="https://www.facebook.com/bg7nyt">Facebook</a> | <a xmlns="" href="http://cn.linkedin.com/in/netkiller/">Linkedin</a> | <a xmlns="" href="https://www.youtube.com/user/bg7nyt/videos">Youtube</a> | <a xmlns="" href="//www.netkiller.cn/home/donations.html">打赏(Donations)</a> | <a xmlns="" href="//www.netkiller.cn/home/about.html">About</a><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">1.2. Python 安装</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="index.html">上一页</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">第 1 章 Python 入门</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="venv.html">下一页</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><table xmlns=""><tr><td><iframe src="//ghbtns.com/github-btn.html?user=netkiller&repo=netkiller.github.io&type=watch&count=true&size=large" height="30" width="170" frameborder="0" scrolling="0" style="width:170px; height: 30px;" allowTransparency="true"></iframe></td><td><iframe src="//ghbtns.com/github-btn.html?user=netkiller&repo=netkiller.github.io&type=fork&count=true&size=large" height="30" width="170" frameborder="0" scrolling="0" style="width:170px; height: 30px;" allowTransparency="true"></iframe></td><td><iframe src="//ghbtns.com/github-btn.html?user=netkiller&type=follow&count=true&size=large" height="30" width="240" frameborder="0" scrolling="0" style="width:240px; height: 30px;" allowTransparency="true"></iframe></td><td></td><td><a href="https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/netkiller"><img src="/images/logo/zhihu-card-default.svg" height="25" /></a></td><td valign="middle"><a href="https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/netkiller">知乎专栏</a></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr></table><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="python.install"></a>1.2. Python 安装</h2></div></div></div>
<div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="id779"></a>1.2.1. Rocky Linux / AlmaLinux 安装 Python</h3></div></div></div>
<p>系统默认 python3.9 安装 python3.13</p>
<pre class="screen">
[root@development ~]# dnf search python | grep "^python3.13"
Last metadata expiration check: 0:15:05 ago on Thu 24 Jul 2025 08:43:36 AM CST.
python3.13.x86_64 : Version 3.13 of the Python interpreter
python3.13-debug.x86_64 : Debug version of the Python runtime
python3.13-devel.x86_64 : Libraries and header files needed for Python development
python3.13-freethreading.x86_64 : Free Threading (PEP 703) version of the Python runtime
python3.13-freethreading-debug.x86_64 : Free Threading (PEP 703) version of the Python runtime (debug build)
python3.13-idle.x86_64 : A basic graphical development environment for Python
python3.13-libs.x86_64 : Python runtime libraries
python3.13-packaging.noarch : Core utilities for Python packages
python3.13-pip.noarch : A tool for installing and managing Python packages
python3.13-rpm.x86_64 : Python 3.13 bindings for apps which will manipulate RPM packages
python3.13-setuptools.noarch : Easily build and distribute Python packages
python3.13-test.x86_64 : The self-test suite for the main python3 package
python3.13-tkinter.x86_64 : A GUI toolkit for Python
python3.13-flit-core.noarch : PEP 517 build backend for packages using Flit
python3.13-pip-wheel.noarch : The pip wheel
python3.13-setuptools-wheel.noarch : The setuptools wheel
</pre>
<p></p>
<pre class="screen">
[root@development ~]# dnf install -y python3.13 python3.13-pip
</pre>
<p>切换默认版本</p>
<pre class="screen">
[root@development ~]# ls -l /usr/bin/python{,3}
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 2025-07-02 08:44 /usr/bin/python -> ./python3
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 2025-07-02 08:44 /usr/bin/python3 -> python3.9
</pre>
<p>手工修改，创建符号链接，因为 python 指向 python3，所以我门只处理 python3 即可</p>
<pre class="screen">
# 先删除现有链接
sudo rm -f /usr/bin/python3
# 创建指向 Python 3.13 的新链接
sudo ln -s /usr/bin/python3.13 /usr/bin/python3
# 验证版本
python3 --version
</pre>
<p>alternatives 方案</p>
<pre class="screen">
# 查看当前 Python 方案
sudo alternatives --config python3
# 如果没有 Python 3.13 的选项，手动添加
sudo alternatives --install /usr/bin/python3 python3 /usr/bin/python3.13 2
sudo alternatives --install /usr/bin/python3 python3 /usr/bin/python3.9 1
# 再次配置默认版本
sudo alternatives --config python3
# 然后输入对应 Python 3.13 的编号并回车
</pre>
<p>推荐安装</p>
<pre class="screen">
[root@development ~]# dnf install python3.13-setuptools python3.13-freethreading
</pre>
</div>
<div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="python.install.docker"></a>1.2.2. Docker 安装</h3></div></div></div>
<pre class="screen">
$ docker run --name python --rm -it python
Python 3.10.1 (main, Dec 21 2021, 09:01:08) [GCC 10.2.1 20210110] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>>
</pre>
<p>Dockerfile 制作自己的镜像</p>
<pre class="screen">
FROM python:latest
MAINTAINER Netkiller <netkiller@msn.com>
RUN pip install pymysql sqlalchemy openpyxl pandas -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
RUN mkdir /data
ADD export.py /srv
VOLUME ["/tmp"]
WORKDIR /data
#EXPOSE 80 443
ENTRYPOINT python3 /srv/export.py
</pre>
</div>
<div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="python3.dnf"></a>1.2.3. dnf 安装 python3.11</h3></div></div></div>
<p>安装 Python 3.11 适用鱼 Rocky Linux 9.2 和 AlmaLinux 9.2</p>
<pre class="screen">
dnf install -y python3.11 python3.11-pip
</pre>
<p>系统默认是 python3.9，将其切换到 python3.11</p>
<pre class="screen">
update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python python /usr/bin/python3.11 1
update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python3 python3 /usr/bin/python3.11 2
</pre>
<p>切换 pip 到 3.11</p>
<pre class="screen">
[root@iZwz9cug5b7jbx1dc4nwniZ ~]# mv /usr/bin/pip{,.backup}
[root@iZwz9cug5b7jbx1dc4nwniZ ~]# mv /usr/bin/pip3{,.backup}
[root@iZwz9cug5b7jbx1dc4nwniZ ~]# alternatives --install /usr/bin/pip pip /usr/bin/pip3.11 1
[root@iZwz9cug5b7jbx1dc4nwniZ ~]# alternatives --install /usr/bin/pip3 pip3 /usr/bin/pip3.11 2
[root@iZwz9cug5b7jbx1dc4nwniZ ~]# pip -V
pip 22.3.1 from /usr/lib/python3.11/site-packages/pip (python 3.11)
</pre>
<p>检查 python 是否工作正常</p>
<pre class="screen">
[root@iZwz9cug5b7jbx1dc4nwniZ srv]# alternatives --list
libnssckbi.so.x86_64 auto /usr/lib64/pkcs11/p11-kit-trust.so
soelim auto /usr/bin/soelim.groff
cifs-idmap-plugin auto /usr/lib64/cifs-utils/cifs_idmap_sss.so
iptables auto /usr/sbin/iptables-nft
ebtables auto /usr/sbin/ebtables-nft
arptables auto /usr/sbin/arptables-nft
ld auto /usr/bin/ld.bfd
man auto /usr/bin/man.man-db
nc auto /usr/bin/ncat
man.7.gz auto /usr/share/man/man7/man.man-pages.7.gz
libwbclient.so.0.15-64 auto /usr/lib64/samba/wbclient/libwbclient.so.0.15
python auto /usr/bin/python3.11
[root@iZwz9cug5b7jbx1dc4nwniZ srv]# alternatives --display python
python - status is auto.
link currently points to /usr/bin/python3.11
/usr/bin/python3.11 - priority 1
Current `best' version is /usr/bin/python3.11.
[root@iZwz9cug5b7jbx1dc4nwniZ srv]# python
Python 3.11.2 (main, May 24 2023, 00:00:00) [GCC 11.3.1 20221121 (Red Hat 11.3.1-4)] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>>
</pre>
</div>
<div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="id780"></a>1.2.4. 编译安装 Python3.x</h3></div></div></div>
<pre class="screen">
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python-3.1.2
make && make install
</pre>
</div>
<div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="id781"></a>1.2.5. Ubunut 13.04 环境安装python3</h3></div></div></div>
<pre class="screen">
$ sudo apt-get install python3
</pre>
<p>python 3.3</p>
<pre class="screen">
$ sudo apt-get install python3.3
</pre>
</div>
<div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="pypy"></a>1.2.6. pypy - fast alternative implementation of Python - PyPy
interpreter
</h3></div></div></div>
<p>http://pypy.org/</p>
<div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="id782"></a>1.2.6.1. Ubuntu 环境安装</h4></div></div></div>
<pre class="screen">
$ apt-cache search pypy | grep pypy
pypy - fast alternative implementation of Python - PyPy interpreter
pypy-dev - header files for PyPy (an alternative Python interpreter)
pypy-doc - developer Documentation for PyPy (an alternative Python interpreter)
pypy-lib - standard library for PyPy (an alternative Python interpreter)
python-pypy.translator.sandbox - sandboxed PyPy interpreter
</pre>
<pre class="screen">
$ sudo apt-get install pypy
</pre>
</div>
<div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="id783"></a>1.2.6.2. CentOS 环境安装</h4></div></div></div>
<pre class="screen">
# yum install pypy
</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="eric"></a>1.2.7. Eric Python IDE</h3></div></div></div>
<pre class="screen">
apt-get install eric
</pre>
</div>
<div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="exe"></a>1.2.8. python to exe</h3></div></div></div>
<div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="pyinstaller"></a>1.2.8.1. pyinstaller</h4></div></div></div>
<p>http://www.pyinstaller.org/</p>
<div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h5 class="title"><a id="id784"></a>Linux</h5></div></div></div>
<p>安装</p>
<pre class="screen">
pip install pyinstaller
</pre>
<p>制作EXE文件</p>
<pre class="screen">
$ pyinstaller test.py
</pre>
<p>dist目录下会生成可执行文件</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="py2exe"></a>1.2.8.2. py2exe</h4></div></div></div>
<p>http://www.py2exe.org/</p>
<p>此软件 2008-11-16 后不再更新</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="python2"></a>1.2.9. Python2.x</h3></div></div></div>
<div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="id785"></a>1.2.9.1. 编译安装</h4></div></div></div>
<p>Python2.x</p>
<pre class="screen">
wget http://www.python.org/ftp/python/2.x.x/Python-2.x.x.tgz
tar zxvf Python-2.x.x.tgz
cd Python-2.x.x
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python2.x
make
make install
ln -s /usr/local/python/bin/python2.5 /usr/bin/
ln -s /usr/local/python/bin/* /usr/local/bin/
</pre>
</div>
<div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="id786"></a>1.2.9.2. Ubuntu 安装</h4></div></div></div>
<pre class="screen">
sudo apt-get install python
sudo apt-get install python-setuptools
</pre>
</div>
</div>
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