A beginner-friendly yet comprehensive crash course on Python programming in 2025!
This repository covers fundamental to advanced concepts with practical examples, exercises, and real-world projects to help you build strong programming skills.

To get started, download and install the latest version of Python from the official website:

👉 Download Python

Make sure to check the option "Add Python to PATH" during installation.

We highly recommend using VS Code as your development environment for Python:

1. Download VS Code: https://code.visualstudio.com/
2. Install the Python extension from Microsoft via the Extensions tab.
3. Use the integrated terminal to run Python scripts easily.
4. Customize your workspace with themes, linters, and formatters for a better coding experience.

For additional learning, check out the highly recommended book:

📘 Python Crash Course by Eric Matthes

This book offers a hands-on, project-based approach to mastering Python programming.

Use the link below to access and download the Python book free of charge via Google Drive Python book free

📈 This chart shows the Top Programming Languages on GitHub (2014–2024), ranked by the number of distinct users contributing to repositories using each language.

• Python has risen to become the #1 most popular language on GitHub as of 2024.
• JavaScript remains strong, now ranked #2.
• TypeScript is rapidly growing and holds the #3 spot.
• The rise of Python is largely driven by its use in AI/ML, data science, automation, and web development.
• Languages like Objective-C and Ruby have declined in popularity.

This trend highlights the importance of Python in the current tech landscape and justifies why it's a great language to learn — especially for beginners looking to future-proof their careers.

A computer is an electronic machine that processes data and performs tasks according to instructions (programs).

• Input → Data you give it
• Processing → CPU & memory work on the data
• Output → Results you see, hear, or use
• Storage → Keeps data for future use

• 💻 Laptop → Used for study or work
• 📱 Smartphone → A small but powerful computer
• 🖥️ Supercomputer → Used in science, weather forecasting, AI, etc.

Programming is the process of creating a set of instructions that a computer can follow to perform specific tasks.
These instructions are written in a programming language such as Python, Java, or C++.

Programming allows humans to communicate with computers and build applications, websites, games, and even artificial intelligence systems.

• Programming = Giving instructions to a computer
• Done using programming languages
• Helps automate tasks, solve problems, and create software
• Used in every field: web, mobile, AI, data science, robotics, business software, and more

1. Write Code → The programmer writes instructions in a chosen language (e.g., Python).
2. Compile/Interpret → The code is translated into machine language that the computer understands.
3. Execute → The computer carries out the instructions step by step.
4. Output → The result is shown to the user (text, sound, images, etc.).

Programming languages sit on a spectrum from human-friendly (high-level) to machine-friendly (low-level). The choice affects readability, portability, performance, and control over hardware.

Definition: Languages that are close to natural human language and abstract away most hardware details.

Characteristics:

• Readable and concise syntax
• Automatic memory management (often)
• Portable across platforms
• Rich standard libraries and frameworks
• Slower (usually) than low-level due to abstraction

Common examples: Python, Java, JavaScript, Ruby, C#.

Simple example (Python):

# hello.py
print("Hello, world!")

Typical use cases: web development, data science, automation, desktop/mobile apps, rapid prototyping.

Definition: Languages that provide little abstraction from a computer’s instruction set; they map closely to machine operations.

Characteristics:

• Direct hardware access and fine-grained control
• Manual memory management (often)
• Fast and efficient
• Harder to read and write

Types & examples:

• Machine code: binary instructions (0s and 1s) executed by the CPU
• Assembly language: human-readable mnemonics for machine instructions (e.g., MOV, ADD)

Simple example (x86-like assembly pseudo):

; move value 5 into register eax
MOV EAX, 5
; call OS to print or perform syscall (platform dependent)

Typical use cases: operating systems, embedded systems, device drivers, performance-critical components.

• Use high-level when you need speed of development, portability, and a large ecosystem (e.g., web apps, data analysis).
• Use low-level when you need maximum performance, minimal overhead, or direct hardware access (e.g., firmware, kernels).