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mruby-compiler: make mrc_int as wide as the VM's mrb_int - #7201

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takumin:compiler/mrc-int-width
Aug 16, 2026
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mruby-compiler: make mrc_int as wide as the VM's mrb_int#7201
matz merged 2 commits into
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takumin:compiler/mrc-int-width

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@takumin

@takumin takumin commented Aug 16, 2026

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On an MRB_INT32 build an integer literal from 2**31 to 2**63 - 1 is refused, and the source path says nothing about it:

$ build/host-m32/bin/mruby -e 'p 1<<30'
1073741824
$ build/host-m32/bin/mruby -e 'p 1<<31'
$ echo $?
1
$ build/host-m32/bin/mruby -e 'p 2147483648'
$ echo $?
1
$ build/host-m32/bin/mruby -e 'p 9223372036854775808'
9223372036854775808

2**63 and above answers because it is a bignum literal. mruby-bigint does not help: what fails is the compiler, before anything is run.

mrbc accepts the same program, and the bytecode names what happened:

$ echo 'p 2147483648' > t.rb
$ build/host-m32/bin/mrbc -o t.mrb t.rb && build/host-m32/bin/mruby -b t.mrb
trace (most recent call last):
mrbgems/mruby-toplevel-ext/mrblib/toplevel.rb:1: irep load error (ScriptError)

Why

mrc_common.h maps MRB_NO_FLOAT and MRB_USE_FLOAT32 onto their MRC_ counterparts, but nothing maps the integer width, so MRC_INT32 is never defined and mrc_int is 64 bits in every build:

#if !defined(MRC_INT32)
#define MRC_INT64 1
#endif

So the compiler folds constants at 64 bits, and new_lit_int() writes an IREP_TT_INT64 pool entry for any literal too wide for int32_t, while read_irep_record_1() in src/load.c refuses that pool type unless the VM carries MRB_INT64:

      case IREP_TT_INT64:
#ifdef MRB_INT64
        ...
#else
        return FALSE;
#endif

A 32-bit VM with a 64-bit compiler inside it.

The width has to reach the compiler by two routes

The first is the mapping itself, and it serves a build that names MRB_INT32 on the command line.

It changes nothing for a build that is 32-bit by architecture. The mrbc that compiles all of a build's Ruby code, mrblib and every gem's mrblib and tests, is a separate internal build (create_mrbc_build() in lib/mruby/build.rb) carrying -DMRB_NO_GEMS, and mruby-compiler's mrbgem.rake withholds MRC_TARGET_MRUBY from such a build:

  elsif !cc.defines.include?('MRB_NO_GEMS')
    cc.defines << 'MRC_TARGET_MRUBY'
  end

which is what decides whether mrc_common.h includes mruby.h. The two lines that compile codegen.c in one 32-bit build differ in exactly that:

i686-linux-gnu-gcc ... -m32 -DMRB_NO_GEMS -DPRISM_XALLOCATOR ...           # the mrbc that compiles the build
i686-linux-gnu-gcc ... -m32 -DPRISM_XALLOCATOR ... -DMRC_TARGET_MRUBY ...  # the compiler inside the VM

The first one never sees a header of mruby's, so an MRB_INT32 that mrbconf.h derived from the pointer width is invisible to it. mrbconf.h is self-contained and it is what settles the width, so it is included in that branch, and both routes end at the same answer.

What a literal too wide for the target becomes

A bignum literal, which is what 2**63 and above already was. The VM loads it and either promotes it with mruby-bigint or, without the gem, raises where a variable shift already raises:

$ build/host-m32-min/bin/mruby -e 'p 1<<31'          # a build without mruby-bigint
trace (most recent call last):
	[1] -e:1
-e:1:in <<: integer overflow in bit shift (RangeError)
$ build/host-m32-min/bin/mruby -e 'p 2147483648'
trace (most recent call last):
-e:1: integer overflow (RangeError)

Both were silent exit 1 before, the same way the transcript at the top is.

gen_pm_integer() had a range check on the length == 2 case and none on the small one, where Prism keeps a literal that fits uint32_t. That case now asks the same question, which under MRC_INT32 is a real one: 2147483648 reached gen_int() as -2147483648 with the mapping in place and the check missing.

mruby-bigint's own tests are among the files this made unloadable

mrbgems/mruby-bigint/test/bigint.rb holds such literals, so on MRB_INT32 none of its 20 assertions ran. bin/mrbtest -v | grep -c '^Bigint' answers 0 before and 19 after, 19 being how many of the 20 are named for the class, and the totals below carry all 20.

Tests

test/t/literals.rb gains Literals Numerical wider than mrb_int, next to the ISO Literals Numerical. It writes each literal against a shift of the same value, because a shift that overflows mrb_int is left to run time and so arrives by a path the literal does not share. Without mruby-bigint the value cannot exist at all, and which of the two cannot be built depends on the width: the literal where mrb_int is narrow, the shift where it is wide, since 1 << 63 overflows a 64-bit mrb_int as well. The guard holds one of each and the assertion skips.

Reverting the range check alone turns it red on host-m32, Fail: Literals Numerical wider than mrb_int. Reverting the mapping does not: the file becomes unloadable and drops whole, which mrbtest does not report. That is a separate defect of mrb_load_irep_cxt() and is not touched here.

Verification

rake -m test, every build green, 0 KO, 0 crash, no new warnings. The configurations that are not in the tree are given below; build_config/host-m32.rb needs a multilib gcc this machine has no -m32 runtime for, so an i686-linux-gnu-gcc cross toolchain stands in for it.

build before after
host-m32, -m32, full-core with mruby-bigint 2292 tests, 4 skip 2313 tests, 4 skip
host-m32-min, -m32, stdlib gembox, no mruby-bigint 1425 tests, 42 skip 1426 tests, 43 skip
host-i32, -DMRB_INT32 -DMRB_NO_BOXING, full-core 2292 tests, 12 skip 2313 tests, 12 skip
host-nobigint, 64-bit, stdlib gembox, no mruby-bigint 1425 tests, 42 skip 1426 tests, 43 skip
ci/gcc-clang full-debug 2312 tests, 3 skip 2313 tests, 3 skip
ci/gcc-clang bintest 2312 tests, 11 skip, plus 117 bintests 2313 tests, 11 skip, plus 117 bintests
ci/gcc-clang cxx_abi 2312 tests, 11 skip 2313 tests, 11 skip
ci/gcc-clang byte-string 2243 tests, 48 skip 2244 tests, 48 skip
ci/gcc-clang ascii-case 2309 tests, 13 skip 2310 tests, 13 skip

The builds that carry mruby-bigint at 64 bits move by the one assertion this PR adds. The two that have no mruby-bigint, host-m32-min and host-nobigint, move by the same one, which there is the skip. The two 32-bit builds carrying mruby-bigint move by 21: that assertion, and the 20 of bigint.rb that could not be loaded before.

Both commits are green on their own. The range check comes first and is inert until the mapping lands, since uint32_t is never wider than a 64-bit mrc_int.

The build configurations that are not in the tree
# host-m32
MRuby::Build.new('host-m32') do |conf|
  toolchain :gcc
  conf.cc.command = 'i686-linux-gnu-gcc'
  conf.cxx.command = 'i686-linux-gnu-g++'
  conf.linker.command = 'i686-linux-gnu-gcc'
  conf.archiver.command = 'i686-linux-gnu-gcc-ar'

  conf.gembox 'full-core'

  conf.cc.flags << '-m32'
  conf.linker.flags << '-m32'

  conf.enable_debug
  conf.enable_test
end

host-m32-min is the same toolchain with conf.gembox 'stdlib' plus mruby-bin-mruby and mruby-bin-mrbc, and no enable_debug, which is the shortest way to a build without mruby-bigint. host-i32 is the host gcc with conf.gembox 'full-core' and MRB_INT32 and MRB_NO_BOXING in conf.cc.defines. host-nobigint is host-m32-min on the host gcc without -m32, which is a 64-bit mrb_int with no mruby-bigint behind it; build_config/host-nofloat.rb is the shape of that build which is in the tree.

Environment

Versions
OS Ubuntu 24.04.4 LTS, Linux 7.0.0-28-generic x86_64
CPU AMD Ryzen 9 5950X, 16 cores
C compiler gcc 13.3.0 and i686-linux-gnu-gcc 13.3.0 (Ubuntu 13.3.0-6ubuntu2~24.04.1)
Linker GNU ld 2.47.20260726, GNU ld 2.42 for i686, and g++ for cxx_abi
CRuby 4.0.6 (2026-07-14) +PRISM, running rake
Compile lines for codegen.c

-MMD -c, -I and -o dropped. Each build compiles the file twice, once for the internal mrbc and once for the VM's own compiler, and the pair is what this PR is about.

# host-m32
i686-linux-gnu-gcc -std=gnu99 -g -O3 -Wall -Wundef -Werror-implicit-function-declaration -Wwrite-strings -m32 -g3 -O0 -DMRB_NO_GEMS -DPRISM_XALLOCATOR -DPRISM_DEPTH_MAXIMUM=256 -DMRC_DEBUG -DMRC_DUMP_PRETTY -DMRBGEM_MRUBY_COMPILER_VERSION=0.0.0 -DMRB_DEBUG codegen.c
i686-linux-gnu-gcc -std=gnu99 -g -O3 -Wall -Wundef -Werror-implicit-function-declaration -Wwrite-strings -m32 -g3 -O0 -DPRISM_XALLOCATOR -DPRISM_DEPTH_MAXIMUM=256 -DMRC_TARGET_MRUBY -DMRC_DEBUG -DMRC_DUMP_PRETTY -DMRBGEM_MRUBY_COMPILER_VERSION=0.0.0 -DMRB_DEBUG -DMRB_USE_BIGINT -DMRB_USE_COMPLEX -DHAVE_MRUBY_ENCODING_GEM -DMRB_UTF8_STRING -DHAVE_MRUBY_IO_GEM -DMRB_USE_RATIONAL -DHAVE_MRUBY_REGEXP_GEM -DMRB_USE_SET -DMRB_USE_TASK_SCHEDULER codegen.c

# host-m32-min
i686-linux-gnu-gcc -std=gnu99 -g -O3 -Wall -Wundef -Werror-implicit-function-declaration -Wwrite-strings -m32 -DMRB_NO_GEMS -DPRISM_XALLOCATOR -DPRISM_DEPTH_MAXIMUM=256 -DPRISM_BUILD_MINIMAL -DMRBGEM_MRUBY_COMPILER_VERSION=0.0.0 codegen.c
i686-linux-gnu-gcc -std=gnu99 -g -O3 -Wall -Wundef -Werror-implicit-function-declaration -Wwrite-strings -m32 -DPRISM_XALLOCATOR -DPRISM_DEPTH_MAXIMUM=256 -DMRC_TARGET_MRUBY -DPRISM_BUILD_MINIMAL -DMRBGEM_MRUBY_COMPILER_VERSION=0.0.0 -DHAVE_MRUBY_REGEXP_GEM -DMRB_USE_SET codegen.c

# host-i32
gcc -std=gnu99 -g -O3 -Wall -Wundef -Werror-implicit-function-declaration -Wwrite-strings -DMRB_INT32 -DMRB_NO_BOXING -DMRB_NO_GEMS -DPRISM_XALLOCATOR -DPRISM_DEPTH_MAXIMUM=256 -DPRISM_BUILD_MINIMAL -DMRBGEM_MRUBY_COMPILER_VERSION=0.0.0 codegen.c
gcc -std=gnu99 -g -O3 -Wall -Wundef -Werror-implicit-function-declaration -Wwrite-strings -DMRB_INT32 -DMRB_NO_BOXING -DPRISM_XALLOCATOR -DPRISM_DEPTH_MAXIMUM=256 -DMRC_TARGET_MRUBY -DPRISM_BUILD_MINIMAL -DMRBGEM_MRUBY_COMPILER_VERSION=0.0.0 -DMRB_USE_BIGINT -DMRB_USE_COMPLEX -DHAVE_MRUBY_ENCODING_GEM -DMRB_UTF8_STRING -DHAVE_MRUBY_IO_GEM -DMRB_USE_RATIONAL -DHAVE_MRUBY_REGEXP_GEM -DMRB_USE_SET -DMRB_USE_TASK_SCHEDULER codegen.c

# host-nobigint
gcc -std=gnu99 -g -O3 -Wall -Wundef -Werror-implicit-function-declaration -Wwrite-strings -DMRB_NO_GEMS -DPRISM_XALLOCATOR -DPRISM_DEPTH_MAXIMUM=256 -DPRISM_BUILD_MINIMAL -DMRBGEM_MRUBY_COMPILER_VERSION=0.0.0 codegen.c
gcc -std=gnu99 -g -O3 -Wall -Wundef -Werror-implicit-function-declaration -Wwrite-strings -DPRISM_XALLOCATOR -DPRISM_DEPTH_MAXIMUM=256 -DMRC_TARGET_MRUBY -DPRISM_BUILD_MINIMAL -DMRBGEM_MRUBY_COMPILER_VERSION=0.0.0 -DHAVE_MRUBY_REGEXP_GEM -DMRB_USE_SET codegen.c

# ci/gcc-clang full-debug, -O0 because enable_debug appends -g3 -O0
gcc -std=gnu99 -g -O3 -Wall -Wundef -Werror-implicit-function-declaration -Wwrite-strings -g3 -O0 -DMRB_GC_STRESS -DMRB_USE_DEBUG_HOOK -DMRB_NO_GEMS -DPRISM_XALLOCATOR -DPRISM_DEPTH_MAXIMUM=256 -DMRC_DEBUG -DMRC_DUMP_PRETTY -DMRBGEM_MRUBY_COMPILER_VERSION=0.0.0 -DMRB_DEBUG codegen.c
gcc -std=gnu99 -g -O3 -Wall -Wundef -Werror-implicit-function-declaration -Wwrite-strings -g3 -O0 -DMRB_GC_STRESS -DMRB_USE_DEBUG_HOOK -DPRISM_XALLOCATOR -DPRISM_DEPTH_MAXIMUM=256 -DMRC_TARGET_MRUBY -DMRC_DEBUG -DMRC_DUMP_PRETTY -DMRBGEM_MRUBY_COMPILER_VERSION=0.0.0 -DMRB_DEBUG -DMRB_USE_BIGINT -DMRB_USE_COMPLEX -DHAVE_MRUBY_ENCODING_GEM -DMRB_UTF8_STRING -DHAVE_MRUBY_IO_GEM -DMRB_USE_RATIONAL -DHAVE_MRUBY_REGEXP_GEM -DMRB_USE_SET -DMRB_USE_TASK_SCHEDULER codegen.c

# ci/gcc-clang bintest
gcc -std=gnu99 -g -O3 -Wall -Wundef -Werror-implicit-function-declaration -Wwrite-strings -DMRB_GC_FIXED_ARENA -DMRB_NO_GEMS -DPRISM_XALLOCATOR -DPRISM_DEPTH_MAXIMUM=256 -DPRISM_BUILD_MINIMAL -DMRBGEM_MRUBY_COMPILER_VERSION=0.0.0 codegen.c
gcc -std=gnu99 -g -O3 -Wall -Wundef -Werror-implicit-function-declaration -Wwrite-strings -DMRB_GC_FIXED_ARENA -DPRISM_XALLOCATOR -DPRISM_DEPTH_MAXIMUM=256 -DMRC_TARGET_MRUBY -DPRISM_BUILD_MINIMAL -DMRBGEM_MRUBY_COMPILER_VERSION=0.0.0 -DMRB_USE_BIGINT -DMRB_USE_COMPLEX -DHAVE_MRUBY_ENCODING_GEM -DMRB_UTF8_STRING -DHAVE_MRUBY_IO_GEM -DMRB_USE_RATIONAL -DHAVE_MRUBY_REGEXP_GEM -DMRB_USE_SET -DMRB_USE_TASK_SCHEDULER -DMRB_USE_DEBUG_HOOK codegen.c

# ci/gcc-clang cxx_abi, gcc -x c++ rather than g++, which only links
gcc -g -O3 -Wall -Wundef -Wwrite-strings -x c++ -std=gnu++03 -DMRB_GC_FIXED_ARENA -DMRB_NO_GEMS -DPRISM_XALLOCATOR -DPRISM_DEPTH_MAXIMUM=256 -DPRISM_BUILD_MINIMAL -D__STDC_LIMIT_MACROS -D__STDC_CONSTANT_MACROS -DMRBGEM_MRUBY_COMPILER_VERSION=0.0.0 -DMRB_USE_CXX_EXCEPTION -DMRB_USE_CXX_ABI codegen.c
gcc -g -O3 -Wall -Wundef -Wwrite-strings -x c++ -std=gnu++03 -DMRB_GC_FIXED_ARENA -DPRISM_XALLOCATOR -DPRISM_DEPTH_MAXIMUM=256 -DMRC_TARGET_MRUBY -DPRISM_BUILD_MINIMAL -D__STDC_LIMIT_MACROS -D__STDC_CONSTANT_MACROS -DMRBGEM_MRUBY_COMPILER_VERSION=0.0.0 -DMRB_USE_CXX_EXCEPTION -DMRB_USE_CXX_ABI -DMRB_USE_BIGINT -DMRB_USE_COMPLEX -DHAVE_MRUBY_ENCODING_GEM -DMRB_UTF8_STRING -DHAVE_MRUBY_IO_GEM -DMRB_USE_RATIONAL -DHAVE_MRUBY_REGEXP_GEM -DMRB_USE_SET -DMRB_USE_TASK_SCHEDULER codegen.c

# ci/gcc-clang byte-string
gcc -std=gnu99 -g -O3 -Wall -Wundef -Werror-implicit-function-declaration -Wwrite-strings -DMRB_NO_GEMS -DPRISM_XALLOCATOR -DPRISM_DEPTH_MAXIMUM=256 -DPRISM_BUILD_MINIMAL -DMRBGEM_MRUBY_COMPILER_VERSION=0.0.0 codegen.c
gcc -std=gnu99 -g -O3 -Wall -Wundef -Werror-implicit-function-declaration -Wwrite-strings -DPRISM_XALLOCATOR -DPRISM_DEPTH_MAXIMUM=256 -DMRC_TARGET_MRUBY -DPRISM_BUILD_MINIMAL -DMRBGEM_MRUBY_COMPILER_VERSION=0.0.0 -DMRB_USE_BIGINT -DMRB_USE_COMPLEX -DHAVE_MRUBY_IO_GEM -DMRB_USE_RATIONAL -DHAVE_MRUBY_REGEXP_GEM -DMRB_USE_SET -DMRB_USE_TASK_SCHEDULER codegen.c

# ci/gcc-clang ascii-case
gcc -std=gnu99 -g -O3 -Wall -Wundef -Werror-implicit-function-declaration -Wwrite-strings -DMRB_USE_ASCII_CASE -DMRB_NO_GEMS -DPRISM_XALLOCATOR -DPRISM_DEPTH_MAXIMUM=256 -DPRISM_BUILD_MINIMAL -DMRBGEM_MRUBY_COMPILER_VERSION=0.0.0 codegen.c
gcc -std=gnu99 -g -O3 -Wall -Wundef -Werror-implicit-function-declaration -Wwrite-strings -DMRB_USE_ASCII_CASE -DPRISM_XALLOCATOR -DPRISM_DEPTH_MAXIMUM=256 -DMRC_TARGET_MRUBY -DPRISM_BUILD_MINIMAL -DMRBGEM_MRUBY_COMPILER_VERSION=0.0.0 -DMRB_USE_BIGINT -DMRB_USE_COMPLEX -DHAVE_MRUBY_ENCODING_GEM -DMRB_UTF8_STRING -DHAVE_MRUBY_IO_GEM -DMRB_USE_RATIONAL -DHAVE_MRUBY_REGEXP_GEM -DMRB_USE_SET -DMRB_USE_TASK_SCHEDULER codegen.c

Summary by CodeRabbit

  • Bug Fixes

    • Improved handling of integer literals across 32-bit and 64-bit configurations.
    • Large and boundary-value literals now correctly fall back to big integer representation instead of being truncated or misinterpreted.
  • Tests

    • Added coverage for oversized decimal and hexadecimal literals, including positive and negative values.

…ger`

Prism keeps an integer literal that fits `uint32_t` in `pm_integer_t::value`
and leaves `length` at zero. `gen_pm_integer()` took that value straight to
`gen_int()`, while the `length == 2` case beside it first checks the value
against `MRC_INT_MAX` / `MRC_INT_MIN` and falls back to a bignum literal when
it does not fit.

`uint32_t` is never wider than `mrc_int` today, so the missing check costs
nothing, but the two cases answer the same question and only one of them asks
it. Fold them into a single range check so the small case is also allowed to
reach the bignum literal path.
@coderabbitai

coderabbitai Bot commented Aug 16, 2026

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📝 Walkthrough

Walkthrough

The compiler now derives its integer width from the VM target configuration. Integer literal generation checks range boundaries and routes out-of-range values to bignum generation. Tests cover large decimal and hexadecimal literals.

Changes

Integer Width and Literal Code Generation

Layer / File(s) Summary
Target integer configuration
mrbgems/mruby-compiler/include/mrc_common.h
Standalone builds include the target configuration headers. MRC_INT32 is derived from MRB_INT32, so compiler integer types match the VM target.
Literal range handling
mrbgems/mruby-compiler/src/codegen.c, test/t/literals.rb
gen_pm_integer validates positive and negative literal bounds before casting. Out-of-range values use bignum generation. Tests cover large decimal and hexadecimal literals.

Estimated code review effort: 3 (Moderate) | ~20 minutes

Merge Risk: 🔵 Low · up to c6981

The compiler fix correctly addresses integer literals wider than the VM integer type, but the new regression test may mishandle 64-bit builds without bigint support because some runtime shifts can raise and constant expressions may be folded; this is a bounded test-correctness risk requiring owner follow-up, with no production-path blocker shown.

Possibly related PRs

  • mruby/mruby#7172: Both changes align compiler integer or target defines with the VM configuration.

Suggested reviewers: matz

🚥 Pre-merge checks | ✅ 5
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Docstring Coverage ✅ Passed No functions found in the changed files to evaluate docstring coverage. Skipping docstring coverage check.
Linked Issues check ✅ Passed Check skipped because no linked issues were found for this pull request.
Out of Scope Changes check ✅ Passed Check skipped because no linked issues were found for this pull request.
Description Check ✅ Passed Check skipped - CodeRabbit’s high-level summary is enabled.
Title check ✅ Passed The title clearly and concisely describes the primary change: aligning compiler integer width with the VM integer width.
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Actionable comments posted: 1

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Inline comments:
In `@test/t/literals.rb`:
- Around line 48-52: Update the literal shift tests around n so shift counts are
computed at runtime rather than as directly constant-foldable expressions, and
extend the existing skip/rescue guard to cover RangeError from shifts exceeding
the build’s mrb_int representation. Preserve the assertions for supported
MRB_INT64 and bigint configurations.
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  • mrbgems/mruby-compiler/include/mrc_common.h
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Comment thread test/t/literals.rb
`mrc_common.h` maps `MRB_NO_FLOAT` and `MRB_USE_FLOAT32` onto their `MRC_`
counterparts, but nothing maps the integer width, so `mrc_int` is 64 bits in
every build. On an `MRB_INT32` build the compiler folds constants at 64 bits
and `new_lit_int()` writes an `IREP_TT_INT64` pool entry for any literal too
wide for `int32_t`, while `read_irep_record_1()` in `src/load.c` refuses that
pool type unless the VM carries `MRB_INT64`. Every literal from `2**31` to
`2**63 - 1` is unloadable; `2**63` and above is fine, because that becomes a
bignum literal instead.

```console
$ build/host-m32/bin/mruby -e 'p 1<<30'
1073741824
$ build/host-m32/bin/mruby -e 'p 1<<31'
$ echo $?
1
```

The width has to reach the compiler by two routes.

`mrc_common.h` gains the missing `MRB_INT32` mapping, which serves a build
that names the option itself. That alone changes nothing for a build that is
32-bit by architecture: the `mrbc` that compiles all of a build's Ruby code is
a separate internal build (`create_mrbc_build()` in `lib/mruby/build.rb`)
carrying `-DMRB_NO_GEMS`, and `mruby-compiler`'s `mrbgem.rake` withholds
`MRC_TARGET_MRUBY` from such a build, so `mrc_common.h` never includes
`mruby.h` and the `MRB_INT32` that `mrbconf.h` derives from the pointer width
is invisible there. Include `mrbconf.h` in that branch, which is
self-contained and is what settles the width.

A literal too wide for the target now becomes a bignum literal, which the VM
loads and either promotes with mruby-bigint or rejects at run time with a
`RangeError`, the same answer a variable shift already gives.

`mrbgems/mruby-bigint/test/bigint.rb` is one of the files this made
unloadable, so on `MRB_INT32` its 20 assertions never ran.
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