matplotlib · MaddieM4 · Mar 4, 2026 · Mar 9, 2026 · anntzer · Mar 4, 2026
diff --git a/lib/matplotlib/backends/backend_agg.py b/lib/matplotlib/backends/backend_agg.py
@@ -271,6 +271,9 @@
         return w, h, d
 
     def draw_tex(self, gc, x, y, s, prop, angle, *, mtext=None):
+        # Injection point
+        return self.draw_tex_mm4(gc, x, y, s, prop, angle)
+
         # docstring inherited
         # todo, handle props, angle, origins
 
@@ -299,6 +302,23 @@
              for text in page.text),
             ((box.x, box.y, box.width, box.height) for box in page.boxes))
 
+    def draw_tex_mm4(self, gc, x, y, s, prop, angle, *, mtext=None):
+        # docstring inherited
+        # todo, handle props, angle, origins
+        size = prop.get_size_in_points()
+
+        texmanager = self.get_texmanager()
+
+        Z = texmanager.get_rgba_mm4(s, size, self.dpi)
+        Z = np.array(Z * 255.0, np.uint8)
+
+        w, h, d = self.get_text_width_height_descent(s, prop, ismath="TeX")
+        xd = d * sin(radians(angle))
+        yd = d * cos(radians(angle))
+        x = round(x + xd)
+        y = round(y + yd)
+        self._renderer.draw_text_image_mm4(Z, x, y, angle, gc)
+
     def get_canvas_width_height(self):
         # docstring inherited
         return self.width, self.height

diff --git a/lib/matplotlib/texmanager.py b/lib/matplotlib/texmanager.py
@@ -344,6 +344,16 @@ def get_grey(cls, tex, fontsize=None, dpi=None):
             cls._grey_arrayd[key] = alpha = rgba[:, :, -1]
         return alpha
 
+    @classmethod
+    def get_rgba_mm4(cls, tex, fontsize=None, dpi=None):
+        """Return the full PNG image in RGBA format."""
+        fontsize = mpl._val_or_rc(fontsize, 'font.size')
+        dpi = mpl._val_or_rc(dpi, 'savefig.dpi')
+        key = cls._get_tex_source(tex, fontsize), dpi
+        pngfile = cls.make_png(tex, fontsize, dpi)
+        rgba = mpl.image.imread(pngfile)
+        return rgba
+
     @classmethod
     def get_rgba(cls, tex, fontsize=None, dpi=None, rgb=(0, 0, 0)):
         r"""

diff --git a/lib/matplotlib/texmanager.pyi b/lib/matplotlib/texmanager.pyi
@@ -25,6 +25,10 @@ class TexManager:
         cls, tex: str, fontsize: float | None = ..., dpi: float | None = ...
     ) -> np.ndarray: ...
     @classmethod
+    def get_rgba_mm4(
+        cls, tex: str, fontsize: float | None = ..., dpi: float | None = ...
+    ) -> np.ndarray: ...
+    @classmethod
     def get_rgba(
         cls,
         tex: str,

diff --git a/src/_backend_agg.h b/src/_backend_agg.h
@@ -152,6 +152,9 @@ class RendererAgg
     template <class ImageArray>
     void draw_text_image(GCAgg &gc, ImageArray &image, int x, int y, double angle);
 
+    template <class ImageArray>
+    void draw_text_image_mm4(GCAgg &gc, ImageArray &image, int x, int y, double angle);
+
     template <class ImageArray>
     void draw_image(GCAgg &gc,
                     double x,
@@ -784,6 +787,80 @@ inline void RendererAgg::draw_text_image(GCAgg &gc, ImageArray &image, int x, in
     }
 }
 
+template <class ImageArray>
+inline void RendererAgg::draw_text_image_mm4(GCAgg &gc, ImageArray &image, int x, int y, double angle)
+{
+    theRasterizer.reset_clipping();
+    rendererBase.reset_clipping(true);
+
+    if (angle != 0.0) {
+        auto image_height = static_cast<double>(image.shape(0)),
+             image_width = static_cast<double>(image.shape(1));
+
+        agg::rendering_buffer srcbuf(
+                image.mutable_data(0, 0, 0),
+                (unsigned)image_width,
+                (unsigned)image_height,
+                (unsigned)image_width * sizeof(agg::rgba8));
+        agg::pixfmt_rgba32 pixf_img(srcbuf);
+
+        set_clipbox(gc.cliprect, theRasterizer);
+
+        agg::trans_affine mtx;
+        mtx *= agg::trans_affine_translation(0, -image_height);
+        mtx *= agg::trans_affine_rotation(-angle * (agg::pi / 180.0));
+        mtx *= agg::trans_affine_translation(x, y);
+
+        agg::path_storage rect;
+        rect.move_to(0, 0);
+        rect.line_to(image_width, 0);
+        rect.line_to(image_width, image_height);
+        rect.line_to(0, image_height);
+        rect.line_to(0, 0);
+        agg::conv_transform<agg::path_storage> rect2(rect, mtx);
+
+        agg::trans_affine inv_mtx(mtx);
+        inv_mtx.invert();
+
+        typedef agg::span_interpolator_linear<> interp_t;
+        interp_t interpolator(inv_mtx);
+        agg::span_image_filter_rgba_bilinear_clip<agg::pixfmt_rgba32, interp_t> sg(
+          pixf_img, agg::rgba::no_color(), interpolator
+        );
+
+        theRasterizer.add_path(rect2);
+        agg::scanline_u8 sl;
+        agg::span_allocator<agg::rgba8> sa;
+        agg::render_scanlines_aa(theRasterizer, sl, rendererBase, sa, sg);
+    } else {
+        agg::rect_i fig, text;
+        fig.init(0, 0, width, height);
+        text.init(x, y - image.shape(0), x + image.shape(1), y);
+        text.clip(fig);
+
+        if (gc.cliprect.x1 != 0.0 || gc.cliprect.y1 != 0.0 || gc.cliprect.x2 != 0.0 || gc.cliprect.y2 != 0.0) {
+            agg::rect_i clip;
+
+            clip.init(mpl_round_to_int(gc.cliprect.x1),
+                      mpl_round_to_int(height - gc.cliprect.y2),
+                      mpl_round_to_int(gc.cliprect.x2),
+                      mpl_round_to_int(height - gc.cliprect.y1));
+            text.clip(clip);
+        }
+
+        if (text.x2 > text.x1) {
+            int deltax = text.x2 - text.x1;
+            int deltax2 = text.x1 - x;
+            int deltay = y - image.shape(0);
+            for (int yi = text.y1; yi < text.y2; ++yi) {
+                unsigned char *data = &image(yi - deltay, deltax2, 0);
+                agg::rgba8 *src_span = static_cast<agg::rgba8*>(static_cast<void*>(data));
+                pixFmt.blend_color_hspan(text.x1, yi, deltax, src_span, 0, agg::cover_full);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 class span_conv_alpha
 {
   public:

diff --git a/src/_backend_agg_wrapper.cpp b/src/_backend_agg_wrapper.cpp
@@ -95,6 +95,48 @@ PyRendererAgg_draw_text_image(RendererAgg *self,
     self->draw_text_image(gc, image, x, y, angle);
 }
 
+static void
+PyRendererAgg_draw_text_image_mm4(RendererAgg *self,
+                              py::array_t<agg::int8u, py::array::c_style | py::array::forcecast> image_obj,
+                              std::variant<double, int> vx,
+                              std::variant<double, int> vy,
+                              double angle,
+                              GCAgg &gc)
+{
+    int x, y;
+
+    if (auto value = std::get_if<double>(&vx)) {
+        auto api = py::module_::import("matplotlib._api");
+        auto warn = api.attr("warn_deprecated");
+        warn("since"_a="3.10", "name"_a="x", "obj_type"_a="parameter as float",
+             "alternative"_a="int(x)");
+        x = static_cast<int>(*value);
+    } else if (auto value = std::get_if<int>(&vx)) {
+        x = *value;
+    } else {
+        throw std::runtime_error("Should not happen");
+    }
+
+    if (auto value = std::get_if<double>(&vy)) {
+        auto api = py::module_::import("matplotlib._api");
+        auto warn = api.attr("warn_deprecated");
+        warn("since"_a="3.10", "name"_a="y", "obj_type"_a="parameter as float",
+             "alternative"_a="int(y)");
+        y = static_cast<int>(*value);
+    } else if (auto value = std::get_if<int>(&vy)) {
+        y = *value;
+    } else {
+        throw std::runtime_error("Should not happen");
+    }
+
+    // TODO: This really shouldn't be mutable, but Agg's renderer buffers aren't const.
+    // NOTE: The only difference from the original is the number of dimensions.
+    //       In my example, the shape was (10, 164, 4). The last is the color channels.
+    auto image = image_obj.mutable_unchecked<3>();
+
+    self->draw_text_image_mm4(gc, image, x, y, angle);
+}
+
 static void
 PyRendererAgg_draw_markers(RendererAgg *self,
                            GCAgg &gc,
@@ -227,6 +269,8 @@ PYBIND11_MODULE(_backend_agg, m, py::mod_gil_not_used())
              "face"_a = nullptr)
         .def("draw_text_image", &PyRendererAgg_draw_text_image,
              "image"_a, "x"_a, "y"_a, "angle"_a, "gc"_a)
+        .def("draw_text_image_mm4", &PyRendererAgg_draw_text_image_mm4,
+             "image"_a, "x"_a, "y"_a, "angle"_a, "gc"_a)
         .def("draw_image", &PyRendererAgg_draw_image,
              "gc"_a, "x"_a, "y"_a, "image"_a)
         .def("draw_path_collection", &PyRendererAgg_draw_path_collection,