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<h1 class="title">Processing Data from Satellite Remote Sensing</h1>

<section id="objectives" class="slide level2">

<h2>Objectives</h2>

<li>Brief introduction to remote sensing</li>

<li>Obtaining NASA remote sensing data</li>

<li>MODIS</li>

<li>MODIS data processing</li>

<section id="active-earth-observing-satellites-eos-as-of-8312015" class="slide level2">

<h2>Active Earth Observing Satellites (EOS) (as of 8/31/2015)</h2>

<li>Total number of operating satellites: 1,305</li>

<li>Total Earth Observing Satellites (EOS): 333

<li>United States: 34%</li>

<li>China: 21%<br />

<li>Japan 6.3%</li>

<p>From the <a href="http://www.ucsusa.org/nuclear-weapons/space-weapons/satellite-database.html#.VjzlnoS98VQ">Union of Concerned Scientists Satellite Database</a> and <a href="http://www.pixalytics.com/blog/">Pixalytics Blog</a></p>

<section id="debris-satellites-in-low-earth-orbit" class="slide level2">

<h2>Debris &amp; Satellites in low Earth orbit</h2>

<p><img src="PS_10_assets/satellites.jpg" alt="alt text" width="75%"></p>

<p>Image courtesy of <a href="http://www.esa.int/spaceinimages/Images/2008/03/Debris_objects_-_mostly_debris_-_in_low_Earth_orbit_LEO_-_view_over_the_equator">European Space Agency</a></p>

<section id="nasas-earth-observing-system" class="slide level2">

<h2>NASA’s Earth Observing System</h2>

<p><img src="PS_10_assets/eos.jpg" alt="alt text" width="75%"></p>

<section id="passive-remote-sensing" class="slide level2">

<h2>Passive Remote Sensing</h2>

<section id="electromagnetic-radiation" class="slide level2">

<h2>Electromagnetic Radiation</h2>

<p><img src="PS_10_assets/spectrum.png" alt="alt text" width="100%"></p>

<section id="earthdata" class="slide level2">

<h2>EarthData</h2>

<p><a href="https://earthdata.nasa.gov">EarthData.nasa.gov</a></p>

<p>Datasets, news, articles, information</p>

<p><img src="PS_10_assets/Earthdata1.png" alt="alt text" width="75%"></p>

<section id="earthdata-1" class="slide level2">

<h2>EarthData</h2>

<p><a href="https://earthdata.nasa.gov">EarthData.nasa.gov</a></p>

<p>Datasets, news, articles, information</p>

<p><img src="PS_10_assets/Earthdata2.png" alt="alt text" width="75%"></p>

<section><section id="modis" class="title-slide slide level1"><h1>MODIS</h1></section><section id="moderate-resolution-imaging-spectroradiometer-modis" class="slide level2">

<h2>Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)</h2>

<p><img src="PS_10_assets/TerraLaunch.png" alt="alt text" width="75%"></p>

<p>2 Satellites <em>Terra</em> launched in 1999, <em>Aqua</em> in 2002.</p>

</section><section id="technical-details-swath" class="slide level2">

<h2>Technical Details: swath</h2>

<p><img src="PS_10_assets/terra.png" alt="alt text" width="75%"></p>

<p>Viewing swath width of 2,330 km</p>

<p>Technical Details: spatial coverage</p>

</section><section class="slide level2">

<p><img src="PS_10_assets/first_complete_day_from_modis.jpg" alt="alt text" width="75%"></p>

<p>Covers Earth every one to two days</p>

<p>Technical Details: spectral coverage</p>

</section><section class="slide level2">

<p><img src="PS_10_assets/spectrum2.png" alt="alt text" width="75%"></p>

<p>36 spectral bands between 0.405 and 14.385 µm</p>

<p>Technical Details: spatial resolution</p>

</section><section class="slide level2">

<p><img src="PS_10_assets/resolution.jpg" alt="alt text" width="50%"></p>

<p>3 spatial resolutions – 250m, 500m, and 1,000m</p>

</section><section id="modis-data-processing" class="slide level2">

<h2>MODIS Data Processing</h2>

<li>Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System in White Sands, New Mexico</li>

<li>EOS Data and Operations System @ Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, MD</li>

<li>MODIS Adaptive Processing System (MODAPS)</li>

<li>3 DAACs for distribution</li>

</section><section id="modis-products-a-subset" class="slide level2">

<h2>MODIS products (a subset…)</h2>

</section><section id="atmosphere" class="slide level2">

<h2>Atmosphere</h2>

<li>Aerosol &amp; Clouds</li>

<li>Total Precipitable Water</li>

</section><section id="cryosphere-products" class="slide level2">

<h2>Cryosphere Products</h2>

<li>Snow Cover</li>

<li>Sea Ice and Ice Surface Temperature</li>

</section><section id="ocean-products" class="slide level2">

<h2>Ocean Products</h2>

<li>Sea Surface Temperature</li>

<li>Sub-surface Chlorophyll-a Concentration</li>

<li>Particulate Carbon</li>

<li>Photosynthetically Available Radiation</li>

</section><section id="land-products" class="slide level2">

<h2>Land Products</h2>

<li>Surface Reflectance</li>

<li>Land Surface Temperature and Emissivity</li>

<li>Land Cover Products</li>

<li>Vegetation Index Products (NDVI and EVI)</li>

<li>Thermal Anomalies - Active Fires</li>

<li>Photosynthetically Active Radiation (FPAR) / Leaf Area Index (LAI)</li>

<li>Evapotranspiration</li>

<li>Primary Productivity</li>

<li>Vegetation Continuous Fields</li>

<li>Water Mask</li>

<li>Burned Area Product</li>

</section><section id="example-product-workflow" class="slide level2">

<h2>Example product workflow</h2>

<p><img src="PS_10_assets/VI_flow.png" alt="alt text" heigt="90%"></p>

<p>MODIS Products used to generate vegetation indices. From the <a href="http://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov/data/atbd/atbd_mod13.pdf">MOD13 Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document</a>.</p>

<section><section id="data" class="title-slide slide level1"><h1>Data</h1></section><section id="data-formats" class="slide level2">

<h2>Data formats</h2>

<p>Most NASA EOS data distributed as HDF files, which are very similar to netCDF.</p>

<p><img src="PS_10_assets/NetCDF4Library.jpg" alt="alt text" width="75%"></p>

</section><section id="netcdf-hdf" class="slide level2">

<h2>NetCDF / HDF</h2>

<p><img src="PS_10_assets/netcdf2.png" alt="alt text" width="75%"></p>

</section><section id="collection-level-naming-conventsions" class="slide level2">

<h2>Collection-Level Naming Conventsions</h2>

<p><code>MODIS/Terra Surface Reflectance 8-Day L3 Global 500m SIN Grid V005</code></p>

<li><code>MODIS/Terra</code> - Instrument/Sensor</li>

<li><code>Surface Reflectance</code> - Geophysical Parameter</li>

<li><code>8-Day</code> - Temporal Resolution</li>

<li><code>L3</code> - Processing Level</li>

<li><code>Global</code> - Global or Swath</li>

<li><code>500m</code> - Spatial Resolution</li>

<li><code>SIN Grid</code> - Gridded or Not</li>

<li><code>V005</code> - Collection Version</li>

</section><section id="modis-gridding-system" class="slide level2">

<h2>MODIS Gridding system</h2>

<p><img data-src="PS_10_assets/modgrid.gif" /></p>

</section><section id="filename-conventions" class="slide level2">

<h2>Filename Conventions</h2>

<p><code>MOD09A1.A2006001.h08v05.005.2006012234657.hdf</code></p>

<li><code>MOD09A1</code> - Product Short Name</li>

<li><code>.A2006001</code> - Julian Date of Acquisition (A-YYYYDDD)</li>

<li><code>.h08v05</code> - Tile Identifier (horizontalXXverticalYY)</li>

<li><code>.005</code> - Collection Version</li>

<li><code>.2006012234567</code> - Julian Date of Production (YYYYDDDHHMMSS)</li>

<li><code>.hdf</code> - Data Format (HDF-EOS)</li>

</section><section id="modis-temporal-resolution" class="slide level2">

<h2>MODIS Temporal Resolution</h2>

<li>Daily</li>

<li>8-Day</li>

<li>16-Day</li>

<li>Monthly</li>

<li>Quarterly</li>

<li>Yearly</li>

</section><section id="modis-spatial-resolution" class="slide level2">

<h2>MODIS Spatial Resolution</h2>

<li><strong>Bands 1–2</strong> 250-meter</li>

<li><strong>Bands 3–7</strong> 500-meter</li>

<li><strong>Bands 8–36</strong> 1000-meter</li>

</section><section id="modis-data" class="slide level2">

<h2>MODIS Data</h2>

<h3 id="distributed-active-archive-centers-daacs">Distributed Active Archive Centers (DAACs)</h3>

<li><strong>Level 1 data:</strong> geolocation, cloud mask, and atmosphere products <a href="http://ladsweb.nascom.nasa.gov/">ladsweb.nascom.nasa.gov</a></li>

<li><strong>Land products:</strong> <a href="https://lpdaac.usgs.gov/">lpdaac.usgs.gov</a></li>

<li><strong>Cryosphere (snow/ice) products:</strong> <a href="http://nsidc.org/daac/modis/index.html">nsidc.org/daac/modis</a></li>

<li><strong>Ocean color and sea surface temperature:</strong> <a href="http://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/">oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov</a></li>

</section><section id="accessing-data" class="slide level2">

<h2>Accessing data</h2>

<p>The Land Processes Distributed Active Archive Center has a nice “Data Discovery” Tool: <img data-src="PS_10_assets/lpdaac.png" /></p>

</section><section id="modis-products-table" class="slide level2">

<h2>MODIS Products Table</h2>

<p>Lists <a href="">all available MODIS land products</a></p>

<p><img data-src="PS_10_assets/lpdaac1.png" /></p>

</section><section id="annual-land-cover-type-description" class="slide level2">

<h2>Annual Land Cover Type Description</h2>

<p><img data-src="PS_10_assets/lpdaac2.png" /></p>

</section><section id="detailed-layer-information" class="slide level2">

<h2>Detailed layer information</h2>

<p><img data-src="PS_10_assets/lpdaac3.png" /></p>

</section><section id="data-access-links" class="slide level2">

<h2>Data access links</h2>

<p><img data-src="PS_10_assets/lpdaac4.png" /></p>

<p>Downloading: <code>http</code>/<code>ftp</code> access</p>

</section><section class="slide level2">

<p><img data-src="PS_10_assets/lpdaac5.png" /></p>

<p>or the <a href="https://lpdaac.usgs.gov/sites/default/files/public/datapool/DAAC2DiskUserGuide.pdf">LP DAAC2Disk Download Manager</a> which builds a download script.</p>

</section><section id="modis-reprojection-tool" class="slide level2">

<h2>MODIS Reprojection Tool</h2>

<p>Available at <a href="https://lpdaac.usgs.gov/tools/modis_reprojection_tool">lpdaac.usgs.gov/tools/modis_reprojection_tool</a>.</p>

<p><img data-src="PS_10_assets/MRT1.png" /></p>

</section><section id="modis-reprojection-tool-subset-reproject" class="slide level2">

<h2>MODIS Reprojection Tool: Subset &amp; Reproject</h2>

<p><img data-src="PS_10_assets/MRT.png" /></p>

<p><code>MCD12Q1.A2012001.h12v04.051.2014288200441.hdf</code></p>

<p>Application for Extracting and Exploring Analysis Ready Samples (AppEEARS)</p>

</section><section class="slide level2">

<p><img data-src="PS_10_assets/appeears.png" /></p>

<p><a href="https://lpdaacsvc.cr.usgs.gov/appeears/" class="uri">https://lpdaacsvc.cr.usgs.gov/appeears/</a></p>

<li>Provide access to regional subsets</li>

<li>Merge across tiles</li>

<li>Download full time series</li>

</section><section id="data-subset" class="slide level2">

<h2>Data Subset</h2>

<p><img data-src="PS_10_assets/appeears2.png" /></p>

<p>Submit and wait for results…</p>

</section><section id="presentation-credits" class="slide level2">

<h2>Presentation Credits</h2>

<li>Images: NASA</li>

<li>Some contents from Steve Ackerman <code>stevea@ssec.wisc.edu</code>, Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies, University of Wisconsin-Madison</li>

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