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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<title>Introduction to the Batch API (JSR 352)</title>
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<body class="book">
<div id="header">
<h1>Introduction to the Batch API (JSR 352)</h1>
<span id="author" class="author">David Delabassee</span><br>
<span id="email" class="email"><a href="https://twitter.com/delabassee">@delabassee</a></span><br>
<span id="revnumber">version 1.0,</span>
<span id="revdate">Aug 27, 2014</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div id="preamble">
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="imageblock">
<div class="content">
<img src="pic/cover.jpg" alt="cover">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="toc" class="toc">
<div id="toctitle">Table of Contents</div>
<ul class="sectlevel1">
<li><a href="#_introduction">Introduction</a></li>
<li>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#_software_requirements">Software Requirements</a></li>
<li><a href="#_lab_overview">Lab Overview</a></li>
<li><a href="#_where_to_get_help">Where to get help</a></li>
<li><a href="#_important_note">Important note</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_lab_jsr_352_introduction">1. Lab: JSR 352 introduction</a></li>
<li>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#_set_the_stage">1.1. Set the stage</a></li>
<li><a href="#_data_and_data_store">1.2. Data and Data Store</a></li>
<li><a href="#_payroll_job_the_reader_the_processor_the_writer">1.3. PayRoll Job : the Reader, the Processor, the Writer</a></li>
<li><a href="#_putting_all_the_pieces_together_jsl">1.4. Putting all the pieces together : JSL</a></li>
<li><a href="#_executing_the_job">1.5. Executing the Job</a></li>
<li><a href="#_testing_the_payroll_application">1.6. Testing the Payroll application</a></li>
<li><a href="#_summary">1.7. Summary</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_lab_batchlet_and_multi_steps_job">2. Lab: Batchlet and Multi-steps Job</a></li>
<li>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#_set_the_stage_2">2.1. Set the stage</a></li>
<li><a href="#_implement_the_batchlet_step">2.2. Implement the Batchlet step</a></li>
<li><a href="#_update_the_jsl">2.3. Update the JSL</a></li>
<li><a href="#_testing_the_payroll_application_2">2.4. Testing the Payroll application</a></li>
<li><a href="#_summary_2">2.5. Summary</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_lab_checkpoints_and_the_joboperator_interface">3. Lab: Checkpoints and the JobOperator interface</a></li>
<li>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#_set_the_stage_3">3.1. Set the stage</a></li>
<li><a href="#_start_a_job">3.2. Start a job</a></li>
<li><a href="#_break_the_job">3.3. Break the job!</a></li>
<li><a href="#_resume_a_failed_job">3.4. Resume a failed job</a></li>
<li><a href="#_summary_3">3.5. Summary</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_lab_listeners">4. Lab: Listeners</a></li>
<li>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#_set_the_stage_4">4.1. Set the stage</a></li>
<li><a href="#_defining_a_listener_at_the_job_level">4.2. Defining a listener at the Job level</a></li>
<li><a href="#_defining_listener_s_at_the_step_level">4.3. Defining listener(s) at the Step level</a></li>
<li><a href="#_defining_listener_s_within_a_step">4.4. Defining listener(s) within a Step</a></li>
<li><a href="#_summary_4">4.5. Summary</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_lab_job_partitioning">5. Lab: Job Partitioning</a></li>
<li>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#_set_the_stage_5">5.1. Set the stage</a></li>
<li><a href="#_define_the_partition_strategy">5.2. Define the partition strategy</a></li>
<li><a href="#_partition_aware_reader">5.3. Partition aware reader</a></li>
<li><a href="#_test_the_partitioned_execution">5.4. Test the partitioned execution</a></li>
<li><a href="#_summary_5">5.5. Summary</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_introduction">Introduction</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Batch processing is used in many industries for tasks ranging from payroll processing; statement generation; end-of-day jobs such as interest calculation, ETL (extract, load, and transform) in a data warehouse; and many more. Typically, batch processing is bulk-oriented, non-interactive, and long running and might be data or computation-intensive. Batch jobs can be run on schedule or initiated on demand. Also, since batch jobs are typically long-running jobs, check-pointing and restarting are common features found in batch jobs.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>JSR 352 (Batch Processing for Java Platform), part of the Java EE 7 platform, defines the programming model for batch applications and the runtime to run and manage batch jobs. This Hands-on Lab will take you through the key concepts of JSR352.</p>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_software_requirements">Software Requirements</h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The following software are needed for this Lab.</p>
</div>
<div class="openblock">
<div class="content">
<div class="admonitionblock tip">
<table>
<tr>
<td class="icon">
<i class="icon-tip" title="Tip"></i>
</td>
<td class="content">
JavaOne attendees, everything has been installed and pre-configured for you!
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p><strong>Java SE</strong>: JDK 7 or JDK 8 is required. The JDK can be downloaded from
<a href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/index.html">http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/index.html</a>.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>Java EE 7 Application Server</strong>: This Lab uses the latest release of GlassFish, i.e. GlassFish Server Open Source Edition 4.1 (GF 4.0 should also work). Any other Java EE 7 (Full Platform) Application Server should work as well. Since JSR 352 is part of the Full Platform, this lab will not run on a Java EE 7 Web Profile Application Server.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>IDE</strong>: This Lab uses NetBeans 8.0 but any IDE supporting Java EE 7 should work.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_lab_overview">Lab Overview</h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>This Lab is divided in 5 exercises :</p>
</div>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p><strong>Lab 1</strong> will introduce you the main concepts of JSR 352 such as Step, Job, JSL, etc. In this exercise, you will be guided to build from scratch a complete application that will run a simple batch job to perform some hypothetical payroll calculations.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>Lab 2</strong> will enhance the first exercise and introduce mutli-steps jobs combining Chunk step with a Batchlet step..</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>Lab 3</strong> will cover checkpoint and the JobOperator interface which can be used to resume failed job.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>Lab 4</strong> will build introduce you to listeners, a mechanism that can be used to intervene within the life-cycle of a batch job (e.g. to catch errors).</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>Lab 5</strong> will introduce the concept of Job Partitioning, a more advanced feature of JSR 352.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Unless you are already familiar with the Batch API, it is recommended to follow the suggested exercises order.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_where_to_get_help">Where to get help</h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Here are some advices if you are stuck during the Lab…</p>
</div>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p>Check that your imports are correct, e.g. a <code>java.util.list</code> is not really a <code>java.awt.list</code> !</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Make sure that the code you have copy/pasted is correct and complete.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>If your code doesn’t compile, NetBeans will show where the error is and will also provide some suggestions on how it could be fixed.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>It is sometime useful to re-read a section from the beginning.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>The solutions should be used as a final resort to to pinpoints hard to find issues.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>At any time, feel free to ask a JavaOne Proctor, they are here to help you!</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_important_note">Important note</h3>
<div class="admonitionblock warning">
<table>
<tr>
<td class="icon">
<i class="icon-warning" title="Warning"></i>
</td>
<td class="content">
The sample applications and the code may not always be following best practices (e.g. data validation, correct error handling, leverage the lastest Java SE features, etc.). This is intentional such as to stay focused on explaining JSR 352. It is highly recommended to make sure that the code copied from this lab is updated to meet the requirements of any production application!
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_lab_jsr_352_introduction">1. Lab: JSR 352 introduction</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>This exercise will introduce you the main concepts of JSR 352 : Step, Job, Job Specification Language, batch runtime, etc. You will build a complete application that will run a simple batch job performing some hypothetical salary calculations. The application has been intentionally kept quite simple in order to focus on the key concepts of JSR 352.</p>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_set_the_stage">1.1. Set the stage</h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>By nature Batch Job are long-lived and doesn’t require human intervention. Nevertheless in our exercise, we will use a Servlet to interact with the Batch API (e.g. start the Job, get the status of the Job, etc.).</p>
</div>
<div class="sect3">
<h4 id="_create_the_project">1.1.1. Create the project</h4>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>In the NetBeans Projects window, right click and select "New Project…".</p>
</div>
<div class="imageblock">
<div class="content">
<img src="pic/E1.1.jpg" alt="E1.1">
</div>
<div class="title">Figure 1. NetBeans Project Windows</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect3">
<h4 id="_create_the_web_application">1.1.2. Create the Web Application</h4>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>We will now create a Web Application so select "Web Application" in the "Java Web" category. Note that a Web Application in NetBeans parlance is just the project structure of a typical Web Application.</p>
</div>
<div class="openblock">
<div class="content">
<div class="admonitionblock tip">
<table>
<tr>
<td class="icon">
<i class="icon-tip" title="Tip"></i>
</td>
<td class="content">
You can use the filter option at the top of the "New Project" window to filter out options from NetBeans, e.g. type "web" to easily find the "Web Application" project type.
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="imageblock">
<div class="content">
<img src="pic/E1.2.jpg" alt="E1.2">
</div>
<div class="title">Figure 2. Create a Project & NetBeans Filter</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Click "Next" and give your project a relevant name (e.g. "Lab1"). You can leave the other suggested values (Location & Folder) as they are. Click "Finish" and you should now have an empty Web Application (project structure and a single JSP page).</p>
</div>
<div class="imageblock">
<div class="content">
<img src="pic/E1.3.jpg" alt="E1.3">
</div>
<div class="title">Figure 3. TO CHECK</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect3">
<h4 id="_create_the_package">1.1.3. Create the Package</h4>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>You should now create the package to host the application code. Right click in your project, select "New" and "Java Package" and name your package "org.glassfish.batch.lab1". All our codes will reside in this package.</p>
</div>
<div class="imageblock">
<div class="content">
<img src="pic/E1.4.jpg" alt="E1.4">
</div>
<div class="title">Figure 4. Create a New Package</div>
</div>
<div class="openblock">
<div class="content">
<div class="admonitionblock tip">
<table>
<tr>
<td class="icon">
<i class="icon-tip" title="Tip"></i>
</td>
<td class="content">
It is possible that your menu is slightly different. If you don’t find the "Java Package…" option, just select "Other…" at the bottom of the menu and use the filter.
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect3">
<h4 id="_create_the_servlet">1.1.4. Create the Servlet</h4>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>We will now create the Servlet itself. As usual, use NetBeans "New" menu and select "Servlet" from the "Web" category. Click "Next" and make sure to select, using the drop-down list, the package we have defined in the previous step (see Figure 6). You can click "Finish" as we are, for the rest, using the default values.</p>
</div>
<div class="imageblock">
<div class="content">
<img src="pic/E1.6.jpg" alt="E1.6">
</div>
<div class="title">Figure 5. Create the Servlet</div>
</div>
<div class="imageblock">
<div class="content">
<img src="pic/E1.7.jpg" alt="E1.7">
</div>
<div class="title">Figure 6. Select the right package for your Servlet</div>
</div>
<div class="openblock">
<div class="content">
<div class="admonitionblock tip">
<table>
<tr>
<td class="icon">
<i class="icon-tip" title="Tip"></i>
</td>
<td class="content">
You can now right click on your Servlet class and select "Run File". If everything goes well, your Servlet will be compiled and deployed to GlassFish. NetBeans will then invoke your web browser to connect to your Servlet.
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_data_and_data_store">1.2. Data and Data Store</h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>A typical enterprise application needs some data to consume. In real life, those data are high likely stored in a database, received over the network (eg. through a REST endpoint) or via a JMS Queue, etc.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Our exercise also needs some data but for the sake of simplicity, we will mock a data producer behind a simple Singleton EJB as the focus of the Lab is really on the Batch API and not so much on other APIs such as JPA or JAX-RS.</p>
</div>
<div class="sect3">
<h4 id="_create_the_the_input_record">1.2.1. Create the the Input Record</h4>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Let’s now create a simple class that will be used as input record for the application.
This class is very simple, it holds an employee Id and some simple methods (e.g. get and set the employee salary).</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>In the Project Window, select "New", "Java Class" from the "Java" category and click "Next". Name the class "PayrollInputRecord" and make sure it’s in the correct package ("org.glassfish.batch.lab1"). Click "Finish" to actually create the class.</p>
</div>
<div class="imageblock">
<div class="content">
<img src="pic/E1.8.jpg" alt="E1.8">
</div>
<div class="title">Figure 7. Create a new Java class</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Add the following code to the body of the class :</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="CodeRay"><code class="java language-java"> <span class="directive">private</span> <span class="directive">final</span> <span class="type">int</span> id;
<span class="directive">private</span> <span class="predefined-type">String</span> salary;
<span class="directive">public</span> PayrollInputRecord(<span class="type">int</span> id) {
<span class="local-variable">this</span>.id = id;
}
<span class="directive">public</span> <span class="type">int</span> getId() {
<span class="keyword">return</span> id;
}
<span class="directive">public</span> <span class="predefined-type">String</span> getSalary() {
<span class="keyword">return</span> salary;
}
<span class="directive">public</span> <span class="type">void</span> setSalary(<span class="predefined-type">String</span> salary) {
<span class="local-variable">this</span>.salary = salary;
}
<span class="annotation">@Override</span>
<span class="directive">public</span> <span class="type">int</span> hashCode() {
<span class="keyword">return</span> id;
}
<span class="annotation">@Override</span>
<span class="directive">public</span> <span class="type">boolean</span> equals(<span class="predefined-type">Object</span> object) {
<span class="keyword">if</span> (object == <span class="predefined-constant">null</span> || !(object <span class="keyword">instanceof</span> PayrollInputRecord)) {
<span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="predefined-constant">false</span>;
}
PayrollInputRecord other = (PayrollInputRecord) object;
<span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="local-variable">this</span>.id == other.id;
}
<span class="annotation">@Override</span>
<span class="directive">public</span> <span class="predefined-type">String</span> toString() {
<span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="string"><span class="delimiter">"</span><span class="content">PayrollInputRecord[ id=</span><span class="delimiter">"</span></span> + id + <span class="string"><span class="delimiter">"</span><span class="content"> ]</span><span class="delimiter">"</span></span>;
}</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="openblock">
<div class="content">
<div class="admonitionblock tip">
<table>
<tr>
<td class="icon">
<i class="icon-tip" title="Tip"></i>
</td>
<td class="content">
When you save a class, NetBeans will try to recompile it. If it can’t, you will easily then see where the errors are.
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect3">
<h4 id="_create_the_the_output_record">1.2.2. Create the the Output Record</h4>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Similarly, we will now create a simple class that will be used as output record.
This class adds some capabilities (set and get the employee social security number, his/her bonus, etc.)</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>In the Project Window, select "New", "Java Class" from the "Java" category and click "Next". Name the class "PayrollOutputRecord", check the package ("org.glassfish.batch.lab1") and click "Finish".</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Add this code to the class :</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="CodeRay"><code class="java language-java"> <span class="directive">private</span> <span class="directive">final</span> <span class="type">int</span> empId;
<span class="directive">private</span> <span class="type">float</span> salary;
<span class="directive">private</span> <span class="type">float</span> socialSecurityTax;
<span class="directive">private</span> <span class="type">float</span> bonus = <span class="integer">0</span>;
<span class="directive">private</span> <span class="type">float</span> net;
<span class="directive">public</span> PayrollOutputRecord(<span class="type">int</span> empID) {
<span class="local-variable">this</span>.empId = empID;
}
<span class="directive">public</span> <span class="type">int</span> getEmpId() {
<span class="keyword">return</span> empId;
}
<span class="directive">public</span> <span class="type">float</span> getSalary() {
<span class="keyword">return</span> salary;
}
<span class="directive">public</span> <span class="type">void</span> setSalary(<span class="type">float</span> base) {
<span class="local-variable">this</span>.salary = base;
}
<span class="directive">public</span> <span class="type">float</span> getSocialSecurityTax() {
<span class="keyword">return</span> socialSecurityTax;
}
<span class="directive">public</span> <span class="type">void</span> setSocialSecurityTax(<span class="type">float</span> socialSecurityTax) {
<span class="local-variable">this</span>.socialSecurityTax = socialSecurityTax;
}
<span class="directive">public</span> <span class="type">float</span> getBonus() {
<span class="keyword">return</span> bonus;
}
<span class="directive">public</span> <span class="type">void</span> setBonus(<span class="type">float</span> bonus) {
<span class="local-variable">this</span>.bonus = bonus;
}
<span class="directive">public</span> <span class="type">float</span> getNet() {
<span class="keyword">return</span> net;
}
<span class="directive">public</span> <span class="type">void</span> setNet(<span class="type">float</span> net) {
<span class="local-variable">this</span>.net = net;
}
<span class="annotation">@Override</span>
<span class="directive">public</span> <span class="type">int</span> hashCode() {
<span class="keyword">return</span> getEmpId();
}
<span class="annotation">@Override</span>
<span class="directive">public</span> <span class="type">boolean</span> equals(<span class="predefined-type">Object</span> object) {
<span class="keyword">if</span> (object == <span class="predefined-constant">null</span> || !(object <span class="keyword">instanceof</span> PayrollOutputRecord)) {
<span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="predefined-constant">false</span>;
}
PayrollOutputRecord other = (PayrollOutputRecord) object;
<span class="keyword">return</span> getEmpId() == other.getEmpId();
}
<span class="annotation">@Override</span>
<span class="directive">public</span> <span class="predefined-type">String</span> toString() {
<span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="string"><span class="delimiter">"</span><span class="content">PayrollOutputRecord[ id= [</span><span class="delimiter">"</span></span> + getEmpId() + <span class="string"><span class="delimiter">"</span><span class="content">]</span><span class="delimiter">"</span></span>;
}</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect3">
<h4 id="_create_the_ejb">1.2.3. Create the EJB</h4>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>We will create a simple Java class. We will then use some annotations to turn this POJO (Plain Old Java Object) into the Enterprise Java Beans we need.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>In the Project Window, select "New", "Java Class" from the "Java" category and click "Next". Name the class "PayrollDataHolderBean" and make sure it’s in the correct package ("org.glassfish.batch.lab1")</p>
</div>
<div class="imageblock">
<div class="content">
<img src="pic/E1.5.jpg" alt="E1.5">
</div>
<div class="title">Figure 8. Create a java class</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Add the following 2 annotations at the class level : <code>@Singleton</code> & <code>@Startup</code> :</p>
</div>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p><code>@Singleton</code> is used to specify that this class will be implements a singleton session bean. You will have to import <code>javax.ejb.Singleton</code>.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>@Startup</code> is used to specify that this EJB will use eager initialization, i.e. the EJB container will initialise it upon application startup, before it can get any requests. This is useful, for example, to perform application startup tasks.
…</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="imageblock">
<div class="content">
<img src="pic/E1.9.jpg" alt="E1.9">
</div>
<div class="title">Figure 9. Notice the yellow light bulb on the left and the red waved underlined line of code.</div>
</div>
<div class="openblock">
<div class="content">
<div class="admonitionblock tip">
<table>
<tr>
<td class="icon">
<i class="icon-tip" title="Tip"></i>
</td>
<td class="content">
A waved red underlined line of code means that NetBeans is unable to compile that particular line. A light bulb on the left side of the code means that NetBeans has suggestions that could fix the issue. Right click on the magnifier to see and eventually select one of the proposed fix.
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Right click on the light bulb to fix the imports. Check to top of the class file and you should now see the that the classes corresponding to the 2 annotations have been added.</p>
</div>