Control web pages and iframes.

Process: Main

The webFrameMain module can be used to lookup frames across existing WebContents instances. Navigation events are the common use case.

const { BrowserWindow, webFrameMain } = require('electron')

const win = new BrowserWindow({ width: 800, height: 1500 })
win.loadURL('https://twitter.com')

win.webContents.on(
  'did-frame-navigate',
  (event, url, httpResponseCode, httpStatusText, isMainFrame, frameProcessId, frameRoutingId) => {
    const frame = webFrameMain.fromId(frameProcessId, frameRoutingId)
    if (frame) {
      const code = 'document.body.innerHTML = document.body.innerHTML.replaceAll("heck", "h*ck")'
      frame.executeJavaScript(code)
    }
  }
)

You can also access frames of existing pages by using the mainFrame property of WebContents.

const { BrowserWindow } = require('electron')

async function main () {
  const win = new BrowserWindow({ width: 800, height: 600 })
  await win.loadURL('https://reddit.com')

  const youtubeEmbeds = win.webContents.mainFrame.frames.filter((frame) => {
    try {
      const url = new URL(frame.url)
      return url.host === 'www.youtube.com'
    } catch {
      return false
    }
  })

  console.log(youtubeEmbeds)
}

main()

These methods can be accessed from the webFrameMain module:

• processId Integer - An Integer representing the internal ID of the process which owns the frame.
• routingId Integer - An Integer representing the unique frame ID in the current renderer process. Routing IDs can be retrieved from WebFrameMain instances (frame.routingId) and are also passed by frame specific WebContents navigation events (e.g. did-frame-navigate).

Returns WebFrameMain | undefined - A frame with the given process and routing IDs, or undefined if there is no WebFrameMain associated with the given IDs.

Process: Main
This class is not exported from the 'electron' module. It is only available as a return value of other methods in the Electron API.

Emitted when the document is loaded.

• code string
• userGesture boolean (optional) - Default is false.

Returns Promise<unknown> - A promise that resolves with the result of the executed code or is rejected if execution throws or results in a rejected promise.

Evaluates code in page.

In the browser window some HTML APIs like requestFullScreen can only be invoked by a gesture from the user. Setting userGesture to true will remove this limitation.

Returns boolean - Whether the reload was initiated successfully. Only results in false when the frame has no history.

• channel string
• ...args any[]

Send an asynchronous message to the renderer process via channel, along with arguments. Arguments will be serialized with the Structured Clone Algorithm, just like postMessage, so prototype chains will not be included. Sending Functions, Promises, Symbols, WeakMaps, or WeakSets will throw an exception.

The renderer process can handle the message by listening to channel with the ipcRenderer module.

• channel string
• message any
• transfer MessagePortMain[] (optional)

Send a message to the renderer process, optionally transferring ownership of zero or more MessagePortMain objects.

The transferred MessagePortMain objects will be available in the renderer process by accessing the ports property of the emitted event. When they arrive in the renderer, they will be native DOM MessagePort objects.

For example:

// Main process
const { port1, port2 } = new MessageChannelMain()
webContents.mainFrame.postMessage('port', { message: 'hello' }, [port1])

// Renderer process
ipcRenderer.on('port', (e, msg) => {
  const [port] = e.ports
  // ...
})

An IpcMain instance scoped to the frame.

IPC messages sent with ipcRenderer.send, ipcRenderer.sendSync or ipcRenderer.postMessage will be delivered in the following order:

1. contents.on('ipc-message')
2. contents.mainFrame.on(channel)
3. contents.ipc.on(channel)
4. ipcMain.on(channel)

Handlers registered with invoke will be checked in the following order. The first one that is defined will be called, the rest will be ignored.

1. contents.mainFrame.handle(channel)
2. contents.handle(channel)
3. ipcMain.handle(channel)

In most cases, only the main frame of a WebContents can send or receive IPC messages. However, if the nodeIntegrationInSubFrames option is enabled, it is possible for child frames to send and receive IPC messages also. The WebContents.ipc interface may be more convenient when nodeIntegrationInSubFrames is not enabled.

A string representing the current URL of the frame.

A string representing the current origin of the frame, serialized according to RFC 6454. This may be different from the URL. For instance, if the frame is a child window opened to about:blank, then frame.origin will return the parent frame's origin, while frame.url will return the empty string. Pages without a scheme/host/port triple origin will have the serialized origin of "null" (that is, the string containing the letters n, u, l, l).

A WebFrameMain | null representing top frame in the frame hierarchy to which frame belongs.

A WebFrameMain | null representing parent frame of frame, the property would be null if frame is the top frame in the frame hierarchy.

A WebFrameMain[] collection containing the direct descendents of frame.

A WebFrameMain[] collection containing every frame in the subtree of frame, including itself. This can be useful when traversing through all frames.

An Integer representing the id of the frame's internal FrameTreeNode instance. This id is browser-global and uniquely identifies a frame that hosts content. The identifier is fixed at the creation of the frame and stays constant for the lifetime of the frame. When the frame is removed, the id is not used again.

A string representing the frame name.

An Integer representing the operating system pid of the process which owns this frame.

An Integer representing the Chromium internal pid of the process which owns this frame. This is not the same as the OS process ID; to read that use frame.osProcessId.

An Integer representing the unique frame id in the current renderer process. Distinct WebFrameMain instances that refer to the same underlying frame will have the same routingId.

A string representing the visibility state of the frame.

See also how the Page Visibility API is affected by other Electron APIs.