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item_013.py
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#!/usr/bin/env PYTHONHASHSEED=1234 python3
# Copyright 2014-2024 Brett Slatkin, Pearson Education Inc.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
### Start book environment setup
import random
random.seed(1234)
import logging
from pprint import pprint
from sys import stdout as STDOUT
# Write all output to a temporary directory
import atexit
import gc
import io
import os
import tempfile
TEST_DIR = tempfile.TemporaryDirectory()
atexit.register(TEST_DIR.cleanup)
# Make sure Windows processes exit cleanly
OLD_CWD = os.getcwd()
atexit.register(lambda: os.chdir(OLD_CWD))
os.chdir(TEST_DIR.name)
def close_open_files():
everything = gc.get_objects()
for obj in everything:
if isinstance(obj, io.IOBase):
obj.close()
atexit.register(close_open_files)
### End book environment setup
print("Example 1")
my_test1 = "hello" "world"
my_test2 = "hello" + "world"
assert my_test1 == my_test2
print("Example 2")
x = 1
my_test1 = (
r"first \ part is here with escapes\n, "
f"string interpolation {x} in here, "
'this has "double quotes" inside'
)
print(my_test1)
print("Example 3")
y = 2
my_test2 = r"fir\st" f"{y}" '"third"'
print(my_test2)
print("Example 4")
my_test3 = r"fir\st", f"{y}" '"third"'
print(my_test3)
print("Example 5")
my_test4 = [
"first line\n",
"second line\n",
"third line\n",
]
print(my_test4)
print("Example 6")
my_test5 = [
"first line\n",
"second line\n" # Comma removed
"third line\n",
]
print(my_test5)
print("Example 7")
my_test5 = [
"first line\n",
"second line\n" "third line\n",
]
print("Example 8")
my_test6 = [
"first line\n",
"second line\n" + # Explicit
"third line\n",
]
assert my_test5 == my_test6
print("Example 9")
my_test6 = [
"first line\n",
"second line\n" + "third line\n",
]
print("Example 10")
print("this is my long message "
"that should be printed out")
print("Example 11")
import sys
print("this is my long message "
"that should be printed out",
end="",
file=sys.stderr)
print("Example 12")
import sys
first_value = ...
second_value = ...
class MyData:
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
self.args = args
self.kwargs = kwargs
value = MyData(123,
first_value,
f"my format string {x}"
f"another value {y}",
"and here is more text",
second_value,
stream=sys.stderr)
print("Example 13")
value2 = MyData(123,
first_value,
f"my format string {x}" + # Explicit
f"another value {y}",
"and here is more text",
second_value,
stream=sys.stderr)