Code repetition has been identified in the following areas:

• Pregel and ConnectedComponents classes contain identical logic for validating the checkpoint directory.
• ShortestPaths and ConnectedComponents classes have the same implementation of the setAlgorithm method.

To improve maintainability and reduce redundancy, common methods should be refactored and placed in a shared location.

An exhaustive analysis of the classes should be conducted to identify and avoid any other instances of code repetition.