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item_038.py
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#!/usr/bin/env PYTHONHASHSEED=1234 python3
# Copyright 2014-2024 Brett Slatkin, Pearson Education Inc.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
### Start book environment setup
import random
random.seed(1234)
import logging
from pprint import pprint
from sys import stdout as STDOUT
# Write all output to a temporary directory
import atexit
import gc
import io
import os
import tempfile
TEST_DIR = tempfile.TemporaryDirectory()
atexit.register(TEST_DIR.cleanup)
# Make sure Windows processes exit cleanly
OLD_CWD = os.getcwd()
atexit.register(lambda: os.chdir(OLD_CWD))
os.chdir(TEST_DIR.name)
def close_open_files():
everything = gc.get_objects()
for obj in everything:
if isinstance(obj, io.IOBase):
obj.close()
atexit.register(close_open_files)
### End book environment setup
print("Example 1")
def trace(func):
def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
args_repr = repr(args)
kwargs_repr = repr(kwargs)
result = func(*args, **kwargs)
print(f"{func.__name__}"
f"({args_repr}, {kwargs_repr}) "
f"-> {result!r}")
return result
return wrapper
print("Example 2")
@trace
def fibonacci(n):
"""Return the n-th Fibonacci number"""
if n in (0, 1):
return n
return fibonacci(n - 2) + fibonacci(n - 1)
print("Example 3")
def fibonacci(n):
"""Return the n-th Fibonacci number"""
if n in (0, 1):
return n
return fibonacci(n - 2) + fibonacci(n - 1)
fibonacci = trace(fibonacci)
print("Example 4")
fibonacci(4)
print("Example 5")
print(fibonacci)
print("Example 6")
help(fibonacci)
print("Example 7")
try:
import pickle
pickle.dumps(fibonacci)
except:
logging.exception('Expected')
else:
assert False
print("Example 8")
from functools import wraps
def trace(func):
@wraps(func) # Changed
def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
args_repr = repr(args)
kwargs_repr = repr(kwargs)
result = func(*args, **kwargs)
print(f"{func.__name__}" f"({args_repr}, {kwargs_repr}) " f"-> {result!r}")
return result
return wrapper
@trace
def fibonacci(n):
"""Return the n-th Fibonacci number"""
if n in (0, 1):
return n
return fibonacci(n - 2) + fibonacci(n - 1)
print("Example 9")
help(fibonacci)
print("Example 10")
print(pickle.dumps(fibonacci))