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first exercise set
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‎docs/exercise_1.rst‎

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=============================
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Exercise #1: Vector addition
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=============================
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A. Preparation
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---------------
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1. Install ``py.test``:: ``pip install pytest`
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2. Clone or download repo at https://github.com/fluentpython/pythonic-api
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B. Vector unary ``-``
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---------------------
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1. Go to ``exercises/vector`` directory
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2. Run the tests: ``py.test`
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3. Open the ``vector/vector.py``.

‎docs/index.rst‎

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==================
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Pythonic APIs
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==================
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Consistency
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------------
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Python::
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len(text) # string
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len(rate) # array of floats
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len(names) # list
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Java:
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.. code-block:: Java
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texto.length() // String
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pesos.length // array of floats
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nomes.size() // ArrayList
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``vector_v0.py``
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----------------
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Importing::
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>>> from examples.vector_v0 import Vector
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Tests with 2 dimensions::
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>>> v1 = Vector([3, 4])
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>>> len(v1)
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2
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>>> abs(v1)
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5.0
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>>> v1 == Vector((3.0, 4.0))
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True
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>>> x, y = v1
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>>> x, y
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(3.0, 4.0)
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>>> list(v1)
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[3.0, 4.0]
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Tests with 3 dimensions::
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>>> v1 = Vector([3, 4, 5])
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>>> x, y, z = v1
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>>> x, y, z
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(3.0, 4.0, 5.0)
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>>> abs(v1) # doctest:+ELLIPSIS
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7.071067811...
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Tests with more dimensions::
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>>> v7 = Vector(range(7))
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>>> tuple(v7)
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(0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0)
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>>> abs(v7) # doctest:+ELLIPSIS
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9.53939201...
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.. literalinclude:: ../examples/vector_v0.py
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``vector_v1.py``
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----------------
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Importing::
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>>> from examples.vector_v1 import Vector
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Vector representations::
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>>> Vector([3.1, 4.2])
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Vector([3.1, 4.2])
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>>> Vector(range(10))
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Vector([0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, ...])
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>>> v3 = Vector([3, 4, 5])
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>>> v3
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Vector([3.0, 4.0, 5.0])
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>>> v3_clone = eval(repr(v3))
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>>> v3_clone == v3
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True
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>>> print(v3_clone)
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(3.0, 4.0, 5.0)
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.. literalinclude:: ../examples/vector_v1.py
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``vector_v2.py``
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----------------
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Importing::
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>>> from examples.vector_v2 import Vector
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Emulating sequences::
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>>> v = Vector([10, 20, 30, 40, 50])
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>>> v[0]
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10.0
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>>> v[-1]
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50.0
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>>> v[:3]
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Vector([10.0, 20.0, 30.0])
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.. literalinclude:: ../examples/vector_v2.py
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``vector_v3.py``
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----------------
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Importing::
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>>> from examples.vector_v3 import Vector
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.. Pythonic APIs documentation master file, created by
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sphinx-quickstart on Tue May 17 06:09:39 2016.
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You can adapt this file completely to your liking, but it should at least
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contain the root `toctree` directive.
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Welcome to Pythonic APIs's documentation!
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=========================================
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Basic tests of operator ``*``::
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Contents:
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>>> v1 = Vector([1, 2, 3])
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>>> v1 * 10
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Vector([10.0, 20.0, 30.0])
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.. toctree::
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:maxdepth: 2
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inspiration
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vector
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exercise_1
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Tests of ``*`` with unusual but valid operands::
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>>> v1 * True
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Vector([1.0, 2.0, 3.0])
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>>> from fractions import Fraction
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>>> v1 * Fraction(1, 3) # doctest:+ELLIPSIS
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Vector([0.3333..., 0.6666..., 1.0])
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This version has a problem::
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Indices and tables
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==================
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>>> 10 * v1
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Traceback (most recent call last):
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...
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TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for *: 'int' and 'Vector'
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.. literalinclude:: ../examples/vector_v3.py
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In Python, you can compute compound interest using a formula written like this::
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interest = principal * ((1 + rate) ** periods - 1)
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The Python formula works with any numeric type that overloads the arithmetic operators.
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In Java, only the primitive types support the arithmentic operators. If a financial app needs to use BigDecimal for enhanced precision, the compound interest formula has to be coded with method calls, like this:
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.. code-block:: Java
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interest = principal.multiply(BigDecimal.ONE.add(rate).pow(periods).subtract(BigDecimal.ONE));
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.. literalinclude:: ../examples/vector_v3.py
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``vector_v4.py``
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----------------
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Importing::
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>>> from examples.vector_v4 import Vector
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The reversed operator::
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>>> v1 = Vector([1, 2, 3])
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>>> 10 * v1
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Vector([10.0, 20.0, 30.0])
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.. literalinclude:: ../examples/vector_v4.py
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``vector_v5.py``
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----------------
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Importing::
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>>> from examples.vector_v5 import Vector
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Tests for operator `@` (Python >= 3.5), computing the dot product::
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>>> va = Vector([1, 2, 3])
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>>> vz = Vector([5, 6, 7])
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>>> va @ vz == 38.0 # 1*5 + 2*6 + 3*7
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True
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>>> [10, 20, 30] @ vz
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380.0
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>>> va @ 3
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Traceback (most recent call last):
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...
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TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for @: 'Vector' and 'int'
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.. literalinclude:: ../examples/vector_v5.py
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``vector_v5.py``
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----------------
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Importing::
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>>> from examples.vector_v5 import Vector
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Tests for operator `@` (Python >= 3.5), computing the dot product::
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>>> va = Vector([1, 2, 3])
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>>> vz = Vector([5, 6, 7])
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>>> va @ vz == 38.0 # 1*5 + 2*6 + 3*7
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True
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>>> [10, 20, 30] @ vz
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380.0
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>>> va @ 3
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Traceback (most recent call last):
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...
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TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for @: 'Vector' and 'int'
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.. literalinclude:: ../examples/vector_v5.py
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``vector_v6.py``
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----------------
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Importing::
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>>> from examples.vector_v6 import Vector
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Tests of hashing::
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>>> v1 = Vector([3, 4])
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>>> hash(v1) == 3 ^ 4
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True
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>>> v3 = Vector([3, 4, 5])
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>>> hash(v3) == 3 ^ 4 ^ 5
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True
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>>> v6 = Vector(range(6))
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>>> hash(v6) == 0 ^ 1 ^ 2 ^ 3 ^ 4 ^ 5
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True
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>>> v2 = Vector([3.1, 4.2])
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>>> hash(v2) == hash(3.1) ^ hash(4.2)
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True
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>>> {v1, v2, v3, v6}
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{Vector([0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, ...]), Vector([3.0, 4.0, 5.0]), Vector([3.0, 4.0]), Vector([3.1, 4.2])}
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Most hash values of non-integers vary from a 32-bit to 64-bit CPython build::
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>>> import sys
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>>> hash(v2) == (384307168202284039 if sys.maxsize > 2**32 else 357915986)
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True
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* :ref:`genindex`
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* :ref:`modindex`
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* :ref:`search`
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.. literalinclude:: ../examples/vector_v6.py

‎docs/inspiration.rst‎

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=============
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Inspiration
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=============
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Consistency
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------------
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Python::
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len(text) # string
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len(rate) # array of floats
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len(names) # list
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Java:
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.. code-block:: Java
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texto.length() // String
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pesos.length // array of floats
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nomes.size() // ArrayList
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The ``requests`` library
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------------------------
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Using ``requests``::
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import requests
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r = requests.get('https://api.github.com', auth=('user', 'pass'))
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print r.status_code
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print r.headers['content-type']
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# ------
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# 200
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# 'application/json'
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Using ``urllib2``::
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import urllib2
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gh_url = 'https://api.github.com'
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req = urllib2.Request(gh_url)
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password_manager = urllib2.HTTPPasswordMgrWithDefaultRealm()
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password_manager.add_password(None, gh_url, 'user', 'pass')
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auth_manager = urllib2.HTTPBasicAuthHandler(password_manager)
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opener = urllib2.build_opener(auth_manager)
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urllib2.install_opener(opener)
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handler = urllib2.urlopen(req)
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print handler.getcode()
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print handler.headers.getheader('content-type')
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# ------
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# 200
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# 'application/json'

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