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major update to application dependencies section
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‎about-author.html‎

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<a href="/databases.html" class="list-group-item ">Databases</a>
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<a href="/wsgi-servers.html" class="list-group-item ">WSGI Servers</a>
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<a href="/web-frameworks.html" class="list-group-item ">Web Frameworks</a>
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<a href="/dependency-management.html" class="list-group-item ">Application Dependencies</a>
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<a href="/application-dependencies.html" class="list-group-item ">Application Dependencies</a>
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<a href="/static-content.html" class="list-group-item ">Static Content</a>
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<a href="/source-control.html" class="list-group-item ">Source Control</a>
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<a href="/caching.html" class="list-group-item ">Caching</a>

‎api-integration.html‎

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<a href="/databases.html" class="list-group-item ">Databases</a>
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<a href="/wsgi-servers.html" class="list-group-item ">WSGI Servers</a>
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<a href="/web-frameworks.html" class="list-group-item ">Web Frameworks</a>
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<a href="/dependency-management.html" class="list-group-item ">Application Dependencies</a>
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<a href="/application-dependencies.html" class="list-group-item ">Application Dependencies</a>
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<a href="/static-content.html" class="list-group-item ">Static Content</a>
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<a href="/source-control.html" class="list-group-item ">Source Control</a>
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<a href="/caching.html" class="list-group-item ">Caching</a>

‎application-dependencies.html‎

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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html lang="en"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
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<meta charset="utf-8">
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<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
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<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
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<meta name="description" content="Full Stack Python shows how an entire Python web application is built and deployed. Each section of the guide explains a different key concept, from the server through the Python WSGI web framework to the front end JavaScript.">
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<meta name="author" content="Matt Makai">
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<link rel="shortcut icon" href="theme/img/full-stack-python-logo-bw.png">
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<title>Full Stack Python</title>
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<!-- Bootstrap core CSS -->
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<link href="theme/css/fsp.css" rel="stylesheet">
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<!--[if lt IE 9]>
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<script src="https://oss.maxcdn.com/libs/html5shiv/3.7.0/html5shiv.js"></script>
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<script src="https://oss.maxcdn.com/libs/respond.js/1.3.0/respond.min.js"></script>
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<![endif]-->
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<style>
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html,
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body {
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font-size: 18px;
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color: #222;
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background: #fefefe;
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}
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body {
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padding-top: 30px;
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}
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.footer {
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padding: 20px 0 30px 0;
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}
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a, a:hover {border-bottom: 1px dotted; color: #444;}
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a:hover {text-decoration: none; color: #000;}
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.logo-title {font-size: 56px; color: #403072; padding-top: 80px;
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font-family: "News Cycle", "Arial Narrow Bold", sans-serif;
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font-weight: bold; line-height: 30px; margin-left: 5px;}
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.logo-title a, .logo-title a:hover {color: #000; text-decoration: none;
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border-bottom: none;}
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.logo-title a:hover {color: gray;}
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.logo-image {vertical-align: top; border: none;}
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a.list-group-item.active {background: #444; border: 1px solid #222;}
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a.list-group-item.active:hover {background: #444; border: 1px solid #222;}
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#sidebar {margin-top: 30px;}
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@media (max-width: 600px) {
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.logo-header-section {
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margin: 20px 32px 0 0;
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}
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}
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</style>
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<script type="text/javascript">
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var _gaq = _gaq || [];
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_gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'UA-19910497-7']);
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_gaq.push(['_trackPageview']);
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(function() {
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var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/javascript'; ga.async = true;
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ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://ssl' : 'http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js';
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var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s);
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})();
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</script>
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</head>
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<body>
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<a href="https://github.com/makaimc/fullstackpython.github.com" class="github">
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<img style="position: absolute; top: 0; right: 0; border: 0;" src="http://s3.amazonaws.com/github/ribbons/forkme_right_darkblue_121621.png" alt="Fork me on GitHub" />
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</a>
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<div class="container">
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<div class="row">
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<div class="col-md-12">
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<div class="logo-header-section">
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<a href="/" style="text-decoration: none; border: none;"><img src="theme/img/full-stack-python-logo-bw.png" height="42" width="42" class="logo-image" /></a>
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<span class="logo-title"><a href="/">Full Stack Python</a></span>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="row">
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<div class="col-md-8">
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<h1>Application Dependencies</h1>
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<p>Application dependencies are the Python libraries and their versions
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required for an application to work properly. These dependencies are
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installed separately from system-level packages to prevent library version
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conflicts.</p>
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<p>The most common way to install Python library dependencies is with
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the <a href="http://www.pip-installer.org/en/latest/">pip</a>
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command combined with
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<a href="http://www.virtualenv.org/en/latest/">virtualenv</a> to isolate the
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dependencies of individual applications from each other.</p>
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<p>Pip and virtualenv work together and have complementary responsibilities.
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Pip downloads and installs application dependencies from the central
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<a href="https://pypi.python.org/pypi">PyPi</a> repository. Virtualenv creates an
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isolated Python installation is where those dependencies are installed into.</p>
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<h2>requirements.txt</h2>
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<p>The pip convention for specifying application dependencies is with a
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<a href="http://www.pip-installer.org/en/1.4.1/cookbook.html#requirements-files">requirements.txt</a>
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file. When you build a Python web application you should include a
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requirements.txt file with
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<a href="https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/python-pip">pegged dependencies</a>.</p>
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<h2>setup.py</h2>
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<p>There is another type of dependency specification for Python libraries
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known as
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<a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1471994/what-is-setup-py">setup.py</a>.
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Setup.py is a standard for distributing and installing Python libraries.
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If you're building a Python library, such as
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<a href="http://www.python-requests.org/en/latest/">requests</a> or
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<a href="https://github.com/makaimc/underwear">underwear</a> you must include setup.py
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so a dependency manager can correctly install both the library as well as
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additional dependencies for the library.</p>
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<h2>Application dependency resources</h2>
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<ul>
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<li>
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<p><a href="https://twitter.com/jonathanchu">Jon Chu</a> wrote a great introduction on
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<a href="http://www.jontourage.com/2011/02/09/virtualenv-pip-basics/">virtualenv and pip basics</a>.</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>"<a href="http://dabapps.com/blog/introduction-to-pip-and-virtualenv-python/">A non-magical introduction to virtualenv and pip</a>
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breaks down what problems these tools solve and how to use them.</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p><a href="http://www.clemesha.org/blog/modern-python-hacker-tools-virtualenv-fabric-pip/">Tools of the modern Python hacker</a>
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contains detailed explanations of virtualenv, Fabric, and pip.</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>Occasionally arguments about using Python's dependency manager versus
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one of Linux's depenency managers comes up. This provides
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<a href="http://notes.pault.ag/debian-python/">one perspective on that debate</a>.</p>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<br/>
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Next read the
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<a href="/static-content.html">static content</a> section.
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</div>
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<div class="col-md-offset-1 col-md-3" id="sidebar">
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<div class="list-group">
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<a href="/introduction.html" class="list-group-item ">Introduction</a>
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<a href="/servers.html" class="list-group-item ">Servers</a>
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<a href="/operating-systems.html" class="list-group-item ">Operating Systems</a>
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<a href="/web-servers.html" class="list-group-item ">Web Servers</a>
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<a href="/platform-as-a-service.html" class="list-group-item ">Platform-as-a-service</a>
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<a href="/databases.html" class="list-group-item ">Databases</a>
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<a href="/wsgi-servers.html" class="list-group-item ">WSGI Servers</a>
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<a href="/web-frameworks.html" class="list-group-item ">Web Frameworks</a>
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<a href="/application-dependencies.html" class="list-group-item active">Application Dependencies</a>
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<a href="/static-content.html" class="list-group-item ">Static Content</a>
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<a href="/source-control.html" class="list-group-item ">Source Control</a>
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<a href="/caching.html" class="list-group-item ">Caching</a>
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<a href="/task-queues.html" class="list-group-item ">Task Queues</a>
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<a href="/api-integration.html" class="list-group-item ">API Integration</a>
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<a href="/no-sql-datastore.html" class="list-group-item ">NoSQL Data Stores</a>
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<a href="/web-application-security.html" class="list-group-item ">Web Security</a>
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<a href="/logging.html" class="list-group-item ">Logging</a>
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<a href="/monitoring.html" class="list-group-item ">Monitoring</a>
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<a href="/configuration-management.html" class="list-group-item ">Configuration Management</a>
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<a href="/web-analytics.html" class="list-group-item ">Web Analytics</a>
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<a href="/about-author.html" class="list-group-item ">About the Author</a>
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<a href="/change-log.html" class="list-group-item ">Change Log</a>
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</div>
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</div></div>
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<hr/>
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<div class="footer pull-right">
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<a href="http://www.mattmakai.com/" class="underline">Matt Makai</a> 2014
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</div>
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</div>
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<script src="http://code.jquery.com/jquery-2.1.0.min.js"></script>
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<script src="theme/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
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</body>
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</html>

‎caching.html‎

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<a href="/databases.html" class="list-group-item ">Databases</a>
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<a href="/wsgi-servers.html" class="list-group-item ">WSGI Servers</a>
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<a href="/web-frameworks.html" class="list-group-item ">Web Frameworks</a>
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<a href="/dependency-management.html" class="list-group-item ">Application Dependencies</a>
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<a href="/application-dependencies.html" class="list-group-item ">Application Dependencies</a>
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<a href="/static-content.html" class="list-group-item ">Static Content</a>
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<a href="/source-control.html" class="list-group-item ">Source Control</a>
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<a href="/caching.html" class="list-group-item active">Caching</a>

‎change-log.html‎

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<div class="col-md-8">
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<h1>Change Log</h1>
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<h2>2014</h2>
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<p>Feb: Adding new Django resources, added sitemap.xml. Rewriting all sections
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to fix first draft typos and grammar mistakes as well as add new content.
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Added task queues section due to reader feedback. Rewrote intro section.
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Merged several pull requests (see closed
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<a href="https://github.com/makaimc/fullstackpython.github.com/pulls">GitHub repo pull requests</a>).
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New resources for platform-as-a-service section. Adding new
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sections specified by the community as missing. Reorganized ordering of
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content. Broke out subsections for Django and Flask. Added signficant
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content to the WSGI section. Converted from RST to Markdown (some of the
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downstream tools I want to use work better with Markdown than RST).
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Reorganized content into roughly final chapters.</p>
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<p>Jan: Adding configuration management, application dependencies, and source
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control sections. Also updating about section. Updated design to be fully
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responsive.</p>
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<h3>March</h3>
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<ul>
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<li>Updated application dependencies section with new resources and initial
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content description.</li>
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<li>Updated the change log (how meta!) to have a cleaner layout.</li>
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</ul>
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<h3>February</h3>
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<ul>
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<li>Added new Django resources. </li>
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<li>New sitemap.xml. </li>
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<li>Rewriting all sections to fix first draft typos and grammar mistakes
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as well as add new content.</li>
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<li>Added task queues section due to reader feedback. </li>
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<li>Rewrote intro section.</li>
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<li>Merged several pull requests (see closed
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<a href="https://github.com/makaimc/fullstackpython.github.com/pulls">GitHub repo pull requests</a>). </li>
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<li>New resources for platform-as-a-service section. </li>
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<li>Added new sections specified by the community as missing. </li>
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<li>Reorganized ordering of content. </li>
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<li>Broke out subsections for Django and Flask. </li>
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<li>Added signficant content to the WSGI section. </li>
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<li>Converted from RST to Markdown (some of the downstream tools I want to
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use work better with Markdown than RST). </li>
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<li>Reorganized content into rough outline of "final" chapters.</li>
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</ul>
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<h3>January</h3>
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<ul>
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<li>Added configuration management, application dependencies, and source
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control sections. </li>
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<li>Updated about section. </li>
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<li>Fully responsive web design.</li>
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</ul>
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<h2>2013</h2>
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<p>Dec: Changed CDN section to static content. Transitioning diagrams from
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Paper app drawings to Balsamiq mockups exported to PNG files. Added Python
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database connectors to database section.</p>
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<p>Nov: Modified color scheme. Updated caching and introduction section,
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added section on NoSQL data stores.</p>
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<p>Oct: Creating separate monitoring section.</p>
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<p>Aug: Adding more resources for web servers and other categories.</p>
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<p>Jun: Updating styling, adding new content, switching around sections.</p>
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<p>Jan: Fleshed out web server, OS, and server sections, particularly IaaS
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and PaaS topics, added initial "hand drawn" diagram placeholders for better
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diagrams later.</p>
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<h3>December</h3>
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<ul>
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<li>Changed CDN section to static content section. </li>
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<li>Transitioned diagrams from Paper app drawings to Balsamiq mockups
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exported to PNG files. </li>
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<li>Added Python database connectors to database section.</li>
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</ul>
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<h3>November</h3>
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<ul>
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<li>Modified color scheme. </li>
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<li>Updated caching and introduction section.</li>
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<li>Added NoSQL data stores section.</li>
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</ul>
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<h3>October</h3>
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<ul>
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<li>Created separate monitoring section.</li>
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</ul>
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<h3>August</h3>
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<ul>
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<li>Added more resources for web servers and other categories.</li>
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</ul>
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<h3>June</h3>
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<ul>
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<li>Updated styling.</li>
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<li>Switching around several sections.</li>
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</ul>
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<h3>January</h3>
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<ul>
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<li>Fleshed out web server, OS, and server sections, particularly IaaS
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and PaaS topics.</li>
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<li>Added initial "hand drawn" diagram placeholders for better diagrams later.</li>
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</ul>
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<h2>2012</h2>
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<p>Dec: Initial incomplete release on fullstackpython.com, created
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introduction, CDN, web frameworks, and database sections with stubs for
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other areas.</p>
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<h3>December</h3>
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<ul>
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<li>Initial incomplete release on fullstackpython.com, created
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introduction, CDN, web frameworks, and database sections with stubs for
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other areas.</li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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<a href="/databases.html" class="list-group-item ">Databases</a>
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<a href="/wsgi-servers.html" class="list-group-item ">WSGI Servers</a>
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<a href="/web-frameworks.html" class="list-group-item ">Web Frameworks</a>
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<a href="/dependency-management.html" class="list-group-item ">Application Dependencies</a>
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<a href="/application-dependencies.html" class="list-group-item ">Application Dependencies</a>
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<a href="/static-content.html" class="list-group-item ">Static Content</a>
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<a href="/source-control.html" class="list-group-item ">Source Control</a>
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<a href="/caching.html" class="list-group-item ">Caching</a>

‎configuration-management.html‎

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<a href="/databases.html" class="list-group-item ">Databases</a>
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<a href="/wsgi-servers.html" class="list-group-item ">WSGI Servers</a>
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<a href="/web-frameworks.html" class="list-group-item ">Web Frameworks</a>
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<a href="/dependency-management.html" class="list-group-item ">Application Dependencies</a>
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<a href="/application-dependencies.html" class="list-group-item ">Application Dependencies</a>
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<a href="/static-content.html" class="list-group-item ">Static Content</a>
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<a href="/source-control.html" class="list-group-item ">Source Control</a>
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<a href="/caching.html" class="list-group-item ">Caching</a>

‎databases.html‎

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<a href="/databases.html" class="list-group-item active">Databases</a>
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<a href="/wsgi-servers.html" class="list-group-item ">WSGI Servers</a>
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<a href="/web-frameworks.html" class="list-group-item ">Web Frameworks</a>
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<a href="/dependency-management.html" class="list-group-item ">Application Dependencies</a>
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<a href="/application-dependencies.html" class="list-group-item ">Application Dependencies</a>
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<a href="/static-content.html" class="list-group-item ">Static Content</a>
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<a href="/source-control.html" class="list-group-item ">Source Control</a>
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<a href="/caching.html" class="list-group-item ">Caching</a>

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