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| 1 | +# Can you solve the pirate riddle? - Alex Gendler |
| 2 | + |
| 3 | +- **Category:** Video |
| 4 | +- **Date:** 2026-01-08 |
| 5 | +- **Rating:** 5/5 |
| 6 | +- **Link:** [YouTube - Can you solve the pirate riddle?](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mc6VA7Q1vXQ) |
| 7 | + |
| 8 | +## The Video |
| 9 | + |
| 10 | +<iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/Mc6VA7Q1vXQ" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe> |
| 11 | + |
| 12 | +## About |
| 13 | + |
| 14 | +It’s a resting day on the pirate ship. The five pirates: Amaro, Bart, Charlotte, Daniel, and Elizabeth have found a treasure chest with 100 gold coins. They must decide how to partition them. |
| 15 | + |
| 16 | +Pirates are ranked by seniority: Amaro is #1, Bart is #2, Charlotte is #3, Daniel is #4, and Elizabeth is the most junior, #5. |
| 17 | + |
| 18 | +The rules of pirate democracy are as follows: the most senior pirate proposes a distribution. Then, everyone, including the proposer, votes. If at least 50% of the pirates agree, the gold is distributed as proposed. If not, the proposer is thrown overboard, and the process starts again with the next most senior pirate. |
| 19 | + |
| 20 | +Pirates are perfectly rational, but they also have a hierarchy of goals: |
| 21 | +1. Stay alive. |
| 22 | +2. Maximize their own gold. |
| 23 | +3. If all else is equal, they prefer to see others thrown overboard. |
| 24 | + |
| 25 | +Can you figure out what Amaro should propose? |
| 26 | + |
| 27 | +## The Solution |
| 28 | + |
| 29 | +To solve this, we work backward from the most junior pirates: |
| 30 | + |
| 31 | +1. **Two Pirates (Daniel, Elizabeth):** Daniel needs only 50% of the vote. He votes for himself and wins. He takes all 100 coins, and Elizabeth gets 0. |
| 32 | +2. **Three Pirates (Charlotte, Daniel, Elizabeth):** Charlotte needs one other vote. She knows Elizabeth will get 0 if it goes to Daniel's turn, so she offers Elizabeth 1 coin. Elizabeth accepts. Distribution: **99, 0, 1**. |
| 33 | +3. **Four Pirates (Bart, Charlotte, Daniel, Elizabeth):** Bart needs one other vote. He knows Daniel gets 0 in Charlotte's plan, so he offers Daniel 1 coin. Daniel accepts. Distribution: **99, 0, 1, 0**. |
| 34 | +4. **Five Pirates (Amaro, Bart, Charlotte, Daniel, Elizabeth):** Amaro needs two other votes besides his own. He knows Charlotte and Elizabeth both get 0 in Bart's plan. By offering them each 1 coin, they are better off and will vote with him. |
| 35 | + |
| 36 | +**Final Proposal:** |
| 37 | +- **Amaro:** 98 coins |
| 38 | +- **Bart:** 0 coins |
| 39 | +- **Charlotte:** 1 coin |
| 40 | +- **Daniel:** 0 coins |
| 41 | +- **Elizabeth:** 1 coin |
| 42 | + |
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