00:00 Next up, let's talk about how

00:02 you can stack decorators.

00:05 And I've found an image of Russian dolls,

00:07 which might clarify how this "nesting" works.

00:12 So let's define another decorator

00:14 that shows the args and keyword args being passed in,

00:17 and we're going to stack that

00:19 together with the timeit decorator.

00:37 Alright, let's modify generate report

00:40 from the last video to take some arguments.

00:47 And now, let me show you how you can stack

00:49 the two decorators we've defined so far,

00:52 and note that the order matters.

00:55 So I put timeit as the outer decorator,

00:57 because I want to time the whole operation,

00:59 including the use of the print args decorator.

01:05 Let's now call it, but first let's

01:06 give it some parameters, so let me quickly

01:10 find a dictionary of some keyword arguments.

01:16 And now, all should come together,

01:18 because when I call generate report

01:20 with some args and some keyword args,

01:25 look at that.

01:26 We see two decorators in action.

01:28 First a timer, starting the timer,

01:30 doing stuff, ending the timer,

01:32 and printing how long it took,

01:33 and then we see the inner decorator,

01:35 print args, printing the args and the keyword args.

01:39 And here you see that decorators

01:41 can become pretty powerful, because each decorator is doing

01:44 a specific task, which can be applied

01:46 to multiple functions, yet it's all abstracted

01:49 in their definition.

01:51 And, yes, this is how you can stack decorators.