// Default credentials to use if a console is not available. If you are

// running this demo in an IDE like Eclipse, you may need to define these

// values.

private static final String DEFAULT_USER = "";

private static final String DEFAULT_PASSWORD = "";

/** The URL this demo will use */

private final String url;

/** Connection properties this demo will use. */

private final Properties connectionProperties;

private JDBCUrlSample(String url){

this(url, new Properties());

}

private JDBCUrlSample(String url, Properties connectionProperties) {

this.url = url;

this.connectionProperties = connectionProperties;

}

/**

public static JDBCUrlSample newThinStyleServiceNameDemo(String host,

int port, String service) {

Objects.requireNonNull(host, "Host cannot be null");

Objects.requireNonNull(service, "Service name cannot be null");

String thinStyleURL =

"jdbc:oracle:thin:@" + host + ":" + port + "/" + service;

return new JDBCUrlSample(thinStyleURL);

}

/**

public static JDBCUrlSample newThinStyleSIDDemo(String host, int port,

String sid) {

Objects.requireNonNull(host, "Host cannot be null");

Objects.requireNonNull(sid, "SID cannot be null");

String thinStyleURL =

"jdbc:oracle:thin:@" + host + ":" + port + ":" + sid;

return new JDBCUrlSample(thinStyleURL);

}

/**

public static JDBCUrlSample newConnectDescriptorServiceNameDemo(String host,

int port, String service) {

Objects.requireNonNull(host, "Host cannot be null");

Objects.requireNonNull(service, "Service name cannot be null");

String connectDescriptorURL =

"jdbc:oracle:thin:@(DESCRIPTION="

+ "(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=" + host + ")(PORT=" + port + "))"

+ "(CONNECT_DATA=(SERVICE_NAME=" + service + ")))";

return new JDBCUrlSample(connectDescriptorURL);

}

/**

public static JDBCUrlSample newConnectDescriptorSIDDemo(String host, int port,

String sid) {

Objects.requireNonNull(host, "Host cannot be null");

Objects.requireNonNull(sid, "SID cannot be null");

String connectDescriptorURL =

"jdbc:oracle:thin:@(DESCRIPTION="

+ "(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=" + host + ")(PORT=" + port + "))"

+ "(CONNECT_DATA=(SID=" + sid + ")))";

return new JDBCUrlSample(connectDescriptorURL);

}

/**

public static JDBCUrlSample newTNSAliasDemo(String alias, String tnsAdmin) {

Objects.requireNonNull(alias, "Alias cannot be null");

Objects.requireNonNull(tnsAdmin, "TNS Admin cannot be null");

String tnsAliasURL = "jdbc:oracle:thin:@" + alias;

// The directory of tnsnames.ora is defined as a connection property.

Properties connectionProperties = new Properties();

connectionProperties.setProperty(

OracleConnection.CONNECTION_PROPERTY_TNS_ADMIN, tnsAdmin);

return new JDBCUrlSample(tnsAliasURL, connectionProperties);

}

/**

public void connectWithURL() {

try {

// oracle.jdbc.pool.OracleDataSource is a factory for Connection

// objects.

OracleDataSource dataSource = new OracleDataSource();

// The data source is configured with database user and password.

setCredentials(dataSource);

// The data source is configured with connection properties.

dataSource.setConnectionProperties(connectionProperties);

// The data source is configured with a database URL.

dataSource.setURL(url);

// The data source is used to create a Connection object.

System.out.println("\nConnecting to: " + url);

Connection connection = dataSource.getConnection();

System.out.println("Connection Established!");

// Close the connection when its no longer in use. This will free up

// resources in the Java client and the database host.

connection.close();

}

catch (SQLException sqlE) {

// The getConnection() call throws a SQLException if a connection could

// not be established.

displayConnectionError(sqlE);

}

}

private void setCredentials(OracleDataSource dataSource) {

String user;

char[] password;

Console console = System.console();

if(console == null) {

System.out.println(

"\nNo console available. Using default user and password.");

user = DEFAULT_USER;

password = DEFAULT_PASSWORD.toCharArray();

}

else {

user = console.readLine("\nUser: ");

password = console.readPassword(user + "'s password: ");

}

dataSource.setUser(user);

dataSource.setPassword(new String(password));

Arrays.fill(password, ' ');

}

private void displayConnectionError(SQLException sqlE) {

System.out.println(

"Connection establishment failed with the following error:");

Throwable cause = sqlE;

do {

System.out.println(cause.getMessage());

cause = cause.getCause();

} while(cause != null);

}

// All code beyond this point is related to command line argument parsing.

private static final String THIN_STYLE_OPTION = "-t";

private static final String DESCRIPTOR_OPTION = "-c";

private static final String TNS_ALIAS_OPTION = "-a";

private static final String USAGE_MESSAGE =

"Please provide command line arguments in one of the following forms:"

+ "\n\nThin-Style URL:\n\t"

+ THIN_STYLE_OPTION + " {host} {port} {sid}\n\t"

+ THIN_STYLE_OPTION + " {host} {port} /{service_name}"

+ "\n\nOracle Net Connect Descriptor:\n\t"

+ DESCRIPTOR_OPTION + " {host} {port} {sid}\n\t"

+ DESCRIPTOR_OPTION + " {host} {port} /{service_name}"

+ "\n\nTNS Names Alias:\n\t"

+ TNS_ALIAS_OPTION + " {alias} {tnsnames_directory}";

private static int ARG_POSITION_HOST = 1;

private static int ARG_POSITION_PORT = 2;

private static int ARG_POSITION_SERVICE = 3;

private static int THIN_STYLE_ARG_COUNT = 4;

private static int DESCRIPTOR_ARG_COUNT = 4;

private static int ARG_POSITION_ALIAS = 1;

private static int ARG_POSITION_TNS_ADMIN = 2;

private static int TNS_ALIAS_ARG_COUNT = 3;

public static void main(String[] args) {

// Read the URL type argument and initialize a demo for it.

JDBCUrlSample demo = null;

String typeOption = args.length > 0 ? args[0] : "";

switch(typeOption) {

case THIN_STYLE_OPTION:

if(args.length == THIN_STYLE_ARG_COUNT) {

String host = args[ARG_POSITION_HOST];

int port = Integer.valueOf(args[ARG_POSITION_PORT]);

String service = args[ARG_POSITION_SERVICE];

demo = service.startsWith("/")

? newThinStyleServiceNameDemo(host, port,

service.substring(1))

: newThinStyleSIDDemo(host, port, service);

}

break;

case DESCRIPTOR_OPTION:

if(args.length == DESCRIPTOR_ARG_COUNT) {

String host = args[ARG_POSITION_HOST];

int port = Integer.valueOf(args[ARG_POSITION_PORT]);

String service = args[ARG_POSITION_SERVICE];

demo = service.startsWith("/")

? newConnectDescriptorServiceNameDemo(host, port,

service.substring(1))

: newConnectDescriptorSIDDemo(host, port, service);

}

break;

case TNS_ALIAS_OPTION:

if(args.length == TNS_ALIAS_ARG_COUNT) {

String alias = args[ARG_POSITION_ALIAS];

String tnsAdmin = args[ARG_POSITION_TNS_ADMIN];

demo = newTNSAliasDemo(alias, tnsAdmin);

}

break;

default:

demo = null;

}

if(demo == null) {

System.out.println(USAGE_MESSAGE);

}

else {

demo.connectWithURL();

}

}