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Should Juan Sta. Maria read family Sta. Maria? Today it reads middle Sta., family Maria #725

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@derek73

What happens today. Filipino surnames that begin with Santa or Santo are commonly written abbreviated: Sta. Maria, Sta. Ana, Sto. Domingo, Sta. Cruz. In a name written without a comma, the parser splits the surname:

Juan Sta. Maria        →  given 'Juan', middle 'Sta.', family 'Maria'
Juan Sta Maria         →  given 'Juan', middle 'Sta', family 'Maria'
Juan Sto. Tomas Jr.    →  given 'Juan', middle 'Sto.', family 'Tomas', suffix 'Jr.'
Sta. Maria, Juan       →  given 'Juan', family 'Sta. Maria'      (the comma keeps it whole)
Jean Ste. Marie        →  given 'Jean', family 'Ste. Marie'      (ste is a particle)

So the comma and no-comma writings of the same name disagree on the family. sta and sto are in no vocabulary set, while ste is a particle.

Evidence. US Census 2010 surname bearers, from uv run python tools/name_usage.py "Sta. Maria" and likewise for the others (2026-10-18): Sta. Ana 408, Sta. Maria 376, Sto. Domingo 163, Sta. Cruz 110, each over 90% Asian/Pacific Islander. The Census strips punctuation, but Santa Maria is its own entry (12,375), so these are bearers recorded with the abbreviation. Background is in decisions/H6's 2026-10-18 entry (PR #724).

Proposal. Add sta and sto to particles as ambiguous particles, the way van is listed. Measured with Lexicon.default().add(particles={"sta", "sto"}, particles_ambiguous={"sta", "sto"}):

Juan Sta. Maria        →  family 'Sta. Maria'
Juan Sta Maria         →  family 'Sta Maria'
Juan Sto. Tomas Jr.    →  family 'Sto. Tomas', suffix 'Jr.'
JUAN STA. MARIA        →  family 'STA. MARIA'
Sta. Maria, Juan       →  family 'Sta. Maria'      (unchanged)
Sta Juan               →  given 'Sta', family 'Juan', plus a particle-or-given report
John Sta               →  family 'Sta'             (unchanged)
Sta. Maria Juan        →  title 'Sta.'             (unchanged: H2's shape takes a leading period-marked word)

Why ambiguous rather than never-given: as never-given particles, P1's fold would take a bare leading one, so Sta Juan would read family Sta Juan. Bare Sta is a surname in its own right (120 Census bearers, 2 Tunisian family-name bearers on Wikidata). Sto has under 100 Census bearers, and neither shows up as a given name (SSA under 5 a year).

Costs to settle:

  • capitalized(): particles render lowercase, so Juan Sta. Maria would render Juan sta. Maria. ste already does this (juan ste. marie → Juan ste. Marie). Should these get a capitalization exception, or is lowercase acceptable?
  • initials(): particles are left out, so J. S. M. becomes J. M., as with de la Cruz → J. C..
  • Particle runs: Juan dela Cruz Sta. Ana reads family dela Cruz Sta. Ana today. With the listing it reads middle dela Cruz, family Sta. Ana. Which is right for a Filipino double surname?
  • Trailing particle after a comma (P6): Smith, Juan Sta. would read family Sta. Smith with a report, where today it reads middle Sta.. That input is probably garbage.

Corpus. Of the 5,716 corpus names, only one holds the word: Sta. Maria, Juan, the H6 example from #724. Its fields don't move, only initials() (J. S. M. → J. M.). So the snapshot can't show this change, and the evidence has to come from rows written for it.

Exclusions. This doesn't change H6 (a title before a family comma): a period-marked word in front of a family comma is still read by vocabulary alone. It also doesn't cover a leading Sta. with no comma (H2's shape), or other abbreviated surname heads (Mt., Ft., both under 100 Census bearers).

Activity

  1. self-assigned this
    on Oct 19, 2026
  2. added
    vocabularyFixed by a word-list entry: per-word vocabulary and language packs
    on Oct 19, 2026
  3. derek73 commented on Nov 4, 2026

    @derek73
    OwnerAuthor

    Add sta and sto with the saint kind, not as plain particles (2026-11-04, measured on #1058's branch).

    #1058 adds rules/P10 (a given name a particle completes). Behind a one-word given name, a particle run followed by a marked given name reads as a middle name: María del Carmen García → middle del Carmen. maría is one of the marked words. P10 refuses a run holding a saint particle (san, santa, st, ste), because Santa María is a surname. So the kind sta and sto are added with now decides how Sta. Maria reads when another surname follows it:

    Name Today as plain particles as saint particles
    Juan Sta. Maria middle Sta., family Maria family Sta. Maria family Sta. Maria
    Juan Sta. Maria Reyes middle Sta. Maria, family Reyes middle Sta. Maria, family Reyes family Sta. Maria Reyes
    Maria Sta. Ana Cruz middle Sta. Ana, family Cruz family Sta. Ana Cruz family Sta. Ana Cruz
    Juan Sto. Tomas Jr. middle Sto., family Tomas family Sto. Tomas family Sto. Tomas

    As plain particles, P10 would split Sta. Maria Reyes exactly as today's reading does, the split this issue sets out to fix. As saint particles the surname stays whole. Those are the abbreviations' meaning anyway (Santa, Santo). The measurement used Lexicon.default().add("sta", "sto", kind="given").add("sta", "sto", kind=...): the given reading keeps them ambiguous, as proposed above.

    The costs listed above are unchanged. The same goes for santo and são, which hold no saint reading in the vocabulary today, so P10's saint clause doesn't reach them either.

  4. added this to the 3.0 milestone on Nov 4, 2026
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