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#!/usr/bin/env PYTHONHASHSEED=1234 python3
# Copyright 2014-2024 Brett Slatkin, Pearson Education Inc.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
### 책 예제에 맞는 환경 설정을 시작함
import random
random.seed(1234)
import logging
from pprint import pprint
from sys import stdout as STDOUT
# 모든 출력을 임시 디렉터리로 보냄
import atexit
import gc
import io
import os
import tempfile
TEST_DIR = tempfile.TemporaryDirectory()
atexit.register(TEST_DIR.cleanup)
# 윈도우에서 프로세스가 제대로 종료되도록 함
OLD_CWD = os.getcwd()
atexit.register(lambda: os.chdir(OLD_CWD))
os.chdir(TEST_DIR.name)
def close_open_files():
everything = gc.get_objects()
for obj in everything:
if isinstance(obj, io.IOBase):
obj.close()
atexit.register(close_open_files)
### 책 예제에 맞는 환경설정 끝
print("아이템 76")
print("Example 1")
class EOFError(Exception):
pass
class Connection:
def __init__(self, connection):
self.connection = connection
self.file = connection.makefile("rb")
def send(self, command):
line = command + "\n"
data = line.encode()
self.connection.send(data)
def receive(self):
line = self.file.readline()
if not line:
raise EOFError("연결 닫힘")
return line[:-1].decode()
print("Example 2")
import random
WARMER = "Warmer"
COLDER = "Colder"
SAME = "Same"
UNSURE = "Unsure"
CORRECT = "Correct"
class UnknownCommandError(Exception):
pass
class ServerSession(Connection):
def __init__(self, *args):
super().__init__(*args)
self.clear_state()
print("Example 3")
def loop(self):
while command := self.receive():
match command.split(" "):
case "PARAMS", lower, upper:
self.set_params(lower, upper)
case ["NUMBER"]:
self.send_number()
case "REPORT", decision:
self.receive_report(decision)
case ["CLEAR"]:
self.clear_state()
case _:
raise UnknownCommandError(command)
print("Example 4")
def set_params(self, lower, upper):
self.clear_state()
self.lower = int(lower)
self.upper = int(upper)
print("Example 5")
def next_guess(self):
if self.secret is not None:
return self.secret
while True:
guess = random.randint(self.lower, self.upper)
if guess not in self.guesses:
return guess
def send_number(self):
guess = self.next_guess()
self.guesses.append(guess)
self.send(format(guess))
print("Example 6")
def receive_report(self, decision):
last = self.guesses[-1]
if decision == CORRECT:
self.secret = last
print(f"서버: {last}은 {decision}")
print("Example 7")
def clear_state(self):
self.lower = None
self.upper = None
self.secret = None
self.guesses = []
print("Example 8")
import contextlib
import time
@contextlib.contextmanager
def new_game(connection, lower, upper, secret):
print(
f"{lower}와 {upper} 사이의 수를 정합니다!"
f" 조용, 비밀 번호는 {secret}입니다."
)
connection.send(f"PARAMS {lower} {upper}")
try:
yield ClientSession(
connection.send,
connection.receive,
secret,
)
finally:
# 출력이 여러분의 예상과 맞아 떨어지게 함
time.sleep(0.1)
connection.send("CLEAR")
print("Example 9")
import math
class ClientSession:
def __init__(self, send, receive, secret):
self.send = send
self.receive = receive
self.secret = secret
self.last_distance = None
print("Example 10")
def request_number(self):
self.send("NUMBER")
data = self.receive()
return int(data)
print("Example 11")
def report_outcome(self, number):
new_distance = math.fabs(number - self.secret)
if new_distance == 0:
decision = CORRECT
elif self.last_distance is None:
decision = UNSURE
elif new_distance < self.last_distance:
decision = WARMER
elif new_distance > self.last_distance:
decision = COLDER
else:
decision = SAME
self.last_distance = new_distance
self.send(f"REPORT {decision}")
return decision
print("Example 12")
def __iter__(self):
while True:
number = self.request_number()
decision = self.report_outcome(number)
yield number, decision
if decision == CORRECT:
return
print("Example 13")
import socket
from threading import Thread
def handle_connection(connection):
with connection:
session = ServerSession(connection)
try:
session.loop()
except EOFError:
pass
def run_server(address):
with socket.socket() as listener:
# 포트를 재사용하게 설정함
listener.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
listener.bind(address)
listener.listen()
while True:
connection, _ = listener.accept()
thread = Thread(
target=handle_connection,
args=(connection,),
daemon=True,
)
thread.start()
print("Example 14")
def run_client(address):
with socket.create_connection(address) as server_sock:
server = Connection(server_sock)
with new_game(server, 1, 5, 3) as session:
results = [outcome for outcome in session]
with new_game(server, 10, 15, 12) as session:
for outcome in session:
results.append(outcome)
with new_game(server, 1, 3, 2) as session:
it = iter(session)
while True:
try:
outcome = next(it)
except StopIteration:
break
else:
results.append(outcome)
return results
print("Example 15")
def main():
address = ("127.0.0.1", 1234)
server_thread = Thread(
target=run_server, args=(address,), daemon=True
)
server_thread.start()
results = run_client(address)
for number, outcome in results:
print(f"클라이언트: {number}은 {outcome}")
main()
print("Example 16")
class AsyncConnection:
def __init__(self, reader, writer): # 변경함
self.reader = reader # 변경함
self.writer = writer # 변경함
async def send(self, command):
line = command + "\n"
data = line.encode()
self.writer.write(data) # 변경함
await self.writer.drain() # 변경함
async def receive(self):
line = await self.reader.readline() # 변경함
if not line:
raise EOFError("연결 닫힘")
return line[:-1].decode()
print("Example 17")
class AsyncServerSession(AsyncConnection): # 변경함
def __init__(self, *args):
super().__init__(*args)
self.clear_state()
print("Example 18")
async def loop(self): # 변경함
while command := await self.receive(): # 변경함
match command.split(" "):
case "PARAMS", lower, upper:
self.set_params(lower, upper)
case ["NUMBER"]:
await self.send_number() # 변경함
case "REPORT", decision:
self.receive_report(decision)
case ["CLEAR"]:
self.clear_state()
case _:
raise UnknownCommandError(command)
print("Example 19")
def set_params(self, lower, upper):
self.clear_state()
self.lower = int(lower)
self.upper = int(upper)
print("Example 20")
def next_guess(self):
if self.secret is not None:
return self.secret
while True:
guess = random.randint(self.lower, self.upper)
if guess not in self.guesses:
return guess
async def send_number(self): # 변경함
guess = self.next_guess()
self.guesses.append(guess)
await self.send(format(guess)) # 변경함
print("Example 21")
def receive_report(self, decision):
last = self.guesses[-1]
if decision == CORRECT:
self.secret = last
print(f"서버: {last}은 {decision}")
def clear_state(self):
self.lower = None
self.upper = None
self.secret = None
self.guesses = []
print("Example 22")
@contextlib.asynccontextmanager # 변경함
async def new_async_game(connection, lower, upper, secret): # 변경함
print(
f"{lower}와 {upper} 사이의 수를 정합니다!"
f" 조용, 비밀 번호는 {secret} 입니다."
)
await connection.send(f"PARAMS {lower} {upper}") # 변경함
try:
yield AsyncClientSession(
connection.send,
connection.receive,
secret,
)
finally:
# 출력이 스레드 버전과 똑같게 조정함
await asyncio.sleep(0.1)
await connection.send("CLEAR") # 변경함
print("Example 23")
class AsyncClientSession:
def __init__(self, send, receive, secret):
self.send = send
self.receive = receive
self.secret = secret
self.last_distance = None
print("Example 24")
async def request_number(self):
await self.send("NUMBER") # Changed
data = await self.receive() # Changed
return int(data)
print("Example 25")
async def report_outcome(self, number): # Changed
new_distance = math.fabs(number - self.secret)
if new_distance == 0:
decision = CORRECT
elif self.last_distance is None:
decision = UNSURE
elif new_distance < self.last_distance:
decision = WARMER
elif new_distance > self.last_distance:
decision = COLDER
else:
decision = SAME
self.last_distance = new_distance
await self.send(f"REPORT {decision}") # 변경함
return decision
print("Example 26")
async def __aiter__(self): # 변경함
while True:
number = await self.request_number() # 변경함
decision = await self.report_outcome(number) # 변경함
yield number, decision
if decision == CORRECT:
return
print("Example 27")
import asyncio
async def handle_async_connection(reader, writer):
session = AsyncServerSession(reader, writer)
try:
await session.loop()
except EOFError:
pass
async def run_async_server(address):
server = await asyncio.start_server(
handle_async_connection, *address
)
async with server:
await server.serve_forever()
print("Example 28")
async def run_async_client(address):
# 연결을 시도하기 전에 서버를 기다린다
await asyncio.sleep(0.1)
streams = await asyncio.open_connection(*address) # 새 기능
client = AsyncConnection(*streams) # 새 기능
async with new_async_game(client, 1, 5, 3) as session:
results = [outcome async for outcome in session]
async with new_async_game(client, 10, 15, 12) as session:
async for outcome in session:
results.append(outcome)
async with new_async_game(client, 1, 3, 2) as session:
it = aiter(session)
while True:
try:
outcome = await anext(it)
except StopAsyncIteration:
break
else:
results.append(outcome)
_, writer = streams # 새 기능
writer.close() # 새 기능
await writer.wait_closed() # 새 기능
return results
print("Example 29")
async def main_async():
address = ("127.0.0.1", 4321)
server = run_async_server(address)
asyncio.create_task(server)
results = await run_async_client(address)
for number, outcome in results:
print(f"클라이언트: {number}은 {outcome}")
logging.getLogger().setLevel(logging.ERROR)
asyncio.run(main_async())
logging.getLogger().setLevel(logging.DEBUG)