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item_071.py
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executable file
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#!/usr/bin/env PYTHONHASHSEED=1234 python3
# Copyright 2014-2024 Brett Slatkin, Pearson Education Inc.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
### 책 예제에 맞는 환경 설정을 시작함
import random
random.seed(1234)
import logging
from pprint import pprint
from sys import stdout as STDOUT
# 모든 출력을 임시 디렉터리로 보냄
import atexit
import gc
import io
import os
import tempfile
TEST_DIR = tempfile.TemporaryDirectory()
atexit.register(TEST_DIR.cleanup)
# 윈도우에서 프로세스가 제대로 종료되도록 함
OLD_CWD = os.getcwd()
atexit.register(lambda: os.chdir(OLD_CWD))
os.chdir(TEST_DIR.name)
def close_open_files():
everything = gc.get_objects()
for obj in everything:
if isinstance(obj, io.IOBase):
obj.close()
atexit.register(close_open_files)
### 책 예제에 맞는 환경설정 끝
print("아이템 71")
print("Example 1")
ALIVE = "*"
EMPTY = "-"
print("Example 2")
class Grid:
def __init__(self, height, width):
self.height = height
self.width = width
self.rows = []
for _ in range(self.height):
self.rows.append([EMPTY] * self.width)
def get(self, y, x):
return self.rows[y % self.height][x % self.width]
def set(self, y, x, state):
self.rows[y % self.height][x % self.width] = state
def __str__(self):
output = ""
for row in self.rows:
for cell in row:
output += cell
output += "\n"
return output
print("Example 3")
grid = Grid(5, 9)
grid.set(0, 3, ALIVE)
grid.set(1, 4, ALIVE)
grid.set(2, 2, ALIVE)
grid.set(2, 3, ALIVE)
grid.set(2, 4, ALIVE)
print(grid)
print("Example 4")
def count_neighbors(y, x, get_cell):
n_ = get_cell(y - 1, x + 0) # 북(N)
ne = get_cell(y - 1, x + 1) # 북동(NE)
e_ = get_cell(y + 0, x + 1) # 동(E)
se = get_cell(y + 1, x + 1) # 남동(SE)
s_ = get_cell(y + 1, x + 0) # 남(S)
sw = get_cell(y + 1, x - 1) # 남서(SW)
w_ = get_cell(y + 0, x - 1) # 서(W)
nw = get_cell(y - 1, x - 1) # 북서(NW)
neighbor_states = [n_, ne, e_, se, s_, sw, w_, nw]
count = 0
for state in neighbor_states:
if state == ALIVE:
count += 1
return count
alive = {(9, 5), (9, 6)}
seen = set()
def fake_get(y, x):
position = (y, x)
seen.add(position)
return ALIVE if position in alive else EMPTY
count = count_neighbors(10, 5, fake_get)
assert count == 2
expected_seen = {
(9, 5),
(9, 6),
(10, 6),
(11, 6),
(11, 5),
(11, 4),
(10, 4),
(9, 4),
}
assert seen == expected_seen
print("Example 5")
def game_logic(state, neighbors):
if state == ALIVE:
if neighbors < 2:
return EMPTY # 살아 있는 이웃이 너무 적음: 죽음
elif neighbors > 3:
return EMPTY # 살아 있는 이웃이 너무 많음: 죽음
else:
if neighbors == 3:
return ALIVE # 죽은 셀에서 살아있는 셀로 변함
return state
assert game_logic(ALIVE, 0) == EMPTY
assert game_logic(ALIVE, 1) == EMPTY
assert game_logic(ALIVE, 2) == ALIVE
assert game_logic(ALIVE, 3) == ALIVE
assert game_logic(ALIVE, 4) == EMPTY
assert game_logic(EMPTY, 0) == EMPTY
assert game_logic(EMPTY, 1) == EMPTY
assert game_logic(EMPTY, 2) == EMPTY
assert game_logic(EMPTY, 3) == ALIVE
assert game_logic(EMPTY, 4) == EMPTY
print("Example 6")
def step_cell(y, x, get_cell, set_cell):
state = get_cell(y, x)
neighbors = count_neighbors(y, x, get_cell)
next_state = game_logic(state, neighbors)
set_cell(y, x, next_state)
alive = {(10, 5), (9, 5), (9, 6)}
new_state = None
def fake_get(y, x):
return ALIVE if (y, x) in alive else EMPTY
def fake_set(y, x, state):
global new_state
new_state = state
# Stay alive
step_cell(10, 5, fake_get, fake_set)
assert new_state == ALIVE
# Stay dead
alive.remove((10, 5))
step_cell(10, 5, fake_get, fake_set)
assert new_state == EMPTY
# Regenerate
alive.add((10, 6))
step_cell(10, 5, fake_get, fake_set)
assert new_state == ALIVE
print("Example 7")
def simulate(grid):
next_grid = Grid(grid.height, grid.width)
for y in range(grid.height):
for x in range(grid.width):
step_cell(y, x, grid.get, next_grid.set)
return next_grid
print("Example 8")
class ColumnPrinter:
def __init__(self):
self.columns = []
def append(self, data):
self.columns.append(data)
def __str__(self):
row_count = 1
for data in self.columns:
row_count = max(row_count, len(data.splitlines()) + 1)
rows = [""] * row_count
for j in range(row_count):
for i, data in enumerate(self.columns):
line = data.splitlines()[max(0, j - 1)]
if j == 0:
padding = " " * (len(line) // 2)
rows[j] += padding + str(i) + padding
else:
rows[j] += line
if (i + 1) < len(self.columns):
rows[j] += " | "
return "\n".join(rows)
columns = ColumnPrinter()
for i in range(5):
columns.append(str(grid))
grid = simulate(grid)
print(columns)
print("Example 9")
def game_logic(state, neighbors):
# 블러킹 I/O를 여기서 수행한다
data = my_socket.recv(100)