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item_036.py
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#!/usr/bin/env PYTHONHASHSEED=1234 python3
# Copyright 2014-2024 Brett Slatkin, Pearson Education Inc.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
### 책 예제에 맞는 환경 설정을 시작함
import random
random.seed(1234)
import logging
from pprint import pprint
from sys import stdout as STDOUT
# 모든 출력을 임시 디렉터리로 보냄
import atexit
import gc
import io
import os
import tempfile
TEST_DIR = tempfile.TemporaryDirectory()
atexit.register(TEST_DIR.cleanup)
# 윈도우에서 프로세스가 제대로 종료되도록 함
OLD_CWD = os.getcwd()
atexit.register(lambda: os.chdir(OLD_CWD))
os.chdir(TEST_DIR.name)
def close_open_files():
everything = gc.get_objects()
for obj in everything:
if isinstance(obj, io.IOBase):
obj.close()
atexit.register(close_open_files)
### 책 예제에 맞는 환경설정 끝
print("아이템 36")
print("Example 1")
from time import sleep
from datetime import datetime
def log(message, when=datetime.now()):
print(f"{when}: {message}")
log("안녕하세요!")
sleep(0.1)
log("다시 만나 반갑군요!")
print("Example 2")
def log(message, when=None):
"""Log a message with a timestamp.
Args:
message: Message to print.
when: datetime of when the message occurred.
Defaults to the present time.
"""
if when is None:
when = datetime.now()
print(f"{when}: {message}")
print("Example 3")
log("안녕하세요!")
sleep(0.1)
log("다시 만나 반갑군요!")
print("Example 4")
import json
def decode(data, default={}):
try:
return json.loads(data)
except ValueError:
return default
print("Example 5")
foo = decode("bad data")
foo["stuff"] = 5
bar = decode("also bad")
bar["meep"] = 1
print("Foo:", foo)
print("Bar:", bar)
print("Example 6")
assert foo is bar
print("Example 7")
def decode(data, default=None):
"""Load JSON data from a string.
Args:
data: JSON data to decode.
default: Value to return if decoding fails.
Defaults to an empty dictionary.
"""
try:
return json.loads(data)
except ValueError:
if default is None: # 여기서 디폴트를 검사함
default = {}
return default
print("Example 8")
foo = decode("bad data")
foo["stuff"] = 5
bar = decode("also bad")
bar["meep"] = 1
print("Foo:", foo)
print("Bar:", bar)
assert foo is not bar