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item_026.py
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#!/usr/bin/env PYTHONHASHSEED=1234 python3
# Copyright 2014-2024 Brett Slatkin, Pearson Education Inc.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
### 책 예제에 맞는 환경 설정을 시작함
import random
random.seed(1234)
import logging
from pprint import pprint
from sys import stdout as STDOUT
# 모든 출력을 임시 디렉터리로 보냄
import atexit
import gc
import io
import os
import tempfile
TEST_DIR = tempfile.TemporaryDirectory()
atexit.register(TEST_DIR.cleanup)
# 윈도우에서 프로세스가 제대로 종료되도록 함
OLD_CWD = os.getcwd()
atexit.register(lambda: os.chdir(OLD_CWD))
os.chdir(TEST_DIR.name)
def close_open_files():
everything = gc.get_objects()
for obj in everything:
if isinstance(obj, io.IOBase):
obj.close()
atexit.register(close_open_files)
### 책 예제에 맞는 환경설정 끝
print("아이템 26")
print("Example 1")
counters = {
"펌퍼니클": 2,
"사워도": 1,
}
print("Example 2")
key = "밀"
if key in counters:
count = counters[key]
else:
count = 0
counters[key] = count + 1
print(counters)
print("Example 3")
key = "브리오슈"
try:
count = counters[key]
except KeyError:
count = 0
counters[key] = count + 1
print(counters)
print("Example 4")
key = "통곡물"
count = counters.get(key, 0)
counters[key] = count + 1
print(counters)
print("Example 5")
key = "바게트"
if key not in counters:
counters[key] = 0
counters[key] += 1
key = "치아바타"
if key in counters:
counters[key] += 1
else:
counters[key] = 1
key = "치아바타"
try:
counters[key] += 1
except KeyError:
counters[key] = 1
print(counters)
print("Example 6")
votes = {
"바게트": ["현석", "계영"],
"치아바타": ["성원", "정원"],
}
key = "브리오슈"
who = "혜원"
if key in votes:
names = votes[key]
else:
votes[key] = names = []
names.append(who)
print(votes)
print("Example 7")
key = "호밀"
who = "유진"
try:
names = votes[key]
except KeyError:
votes[key] = names = []
names.append(who)
print(votes)
print("Example 8")
key = "밀"
who = "삼현"
names = votes.get(key)
if names is None:
votes[key] = names = []
names.append(who)
print(votes)
print("Example 9")
key = "브리오슈"
who = "계원"
if (names := votes.get(key)) is None:
votes[key] = names = []
names.append(who)
print(votes)
print("Example 10")
key = "옥수수빵"
who = "영무"
names = votes.setdefault(key, [])
names.append(who)
print(votes)
print("Example 11")
data = {}
key = "foo"
value = []
data.setdefault(key, value)
print("이전:", data)
value.append("hello")
print("이후: ", data)
print("Example 12")
key = "호랑이빵"
count = counters.setdefault(key, 0)
counters[key] = count + 1
print(counters)