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<div class="identifier-type">class</div><div class="header"><bitset></div><h1 itemprop="name"><span class="namespace" title="namespace std">std::</span><span class="class" title="class bitset">bitset::</span><span class="token">reference</span></h1>
<div itemprop="articleBody"><p><div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><code><span class="k">namespace</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">std</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">template</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">size_t</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">N</span><span class="o">></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">bitset</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">public</span><span class="o">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">reference</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">friend</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">bitset</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><i>CONSTEXPR</i></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">reference</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">noexcept</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">public</span><span class="o">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><i>CONSTEXPR</i></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">~</span><span class="n">reference</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">noexcept</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><i>CONSTEXPR</i></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">reference</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">operator</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">noexcept</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><i>CONSTEXPR</i></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">reference</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">operator</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">reference</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">noexcept</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">constexpr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">reference</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">operator</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">noexcept</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// C++26</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><i>CONSTEXPR</i></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">operator</span><span class="o">~</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">noexcept</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><i>CONSTEXPR</i></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">operator</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">noexcept</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><i>CONSTEXPR</i></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">reference</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">flip</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">noexcept</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">friend</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">constexpr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">swap</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">reference</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">reference</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">y</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">noexcept</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// C++26</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">friend</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">constexpr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">swap</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">reference</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">y</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">noexcept</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// C++26</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">friend</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">constexpr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">swap</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">reference</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">y</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">noexcept</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// C++26</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">};</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">};</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</p>
<h2>概要</h2>
<p><code>bitset::reference</code>は、<code>bitset</code>の各ビットにアクセスするためのプロキシクラスである。<code>bitset::<a href="op_at.html">operator[]</a></code>で返されるビット情報を取得、書き換えるためにある。</p>
<p>C++23から<code>bitset::reference</code>全メンバ関数への<code>constexpr</code>指定が行われる。</p>
<p>C++26から、<code>const</code>修飾された<code>*this</code>に対する<code>bool</code>からの代入演算子と、<a class="cpprefjp-defined-word" data-desc="実引数依存の名前探索 (Argument Dependent Lookup)。引数の型が所属する名前空間の関数を探索する言語機能">ADL</a>で見つかる非メンバ<code>swap</code>関数が追加され、<code><a href="../../vector/vector.html">vector<bool>::reference</a></code>とインタフェースが統一された。</p>
<h3>メンバ関数</h3>
<table border="1" bordercolor="#888" style="border-collapse:collapse">
<thead>
<tr>
<th>名前</th>
<th>説明</th>
<th>対応バージョン</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><code>operator=(bool x)</code></td>
<td>ビット情報を書き換える</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>operator=(const reference&)</code></td>
<td>ビット情報をコピーする</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>operator=(bool x) const</code></td>
<td><code>const</code>な<code>*this</code>のビット情報を書き換える</td>
<td>C++26</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>operator~()</code></td>
<td>反転したビット (<code>!bool(*this)</code>) を取得する。<code>*this</code>が参照するビット自体は変更しない</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>operator bool()</code></td>
<td><code>bool</code>型に変換する。参照先のビットが1なら<code>true</code>、そうでなければ<code>false</code>を返す</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>flip()</code></td>
<td>ビットを反転させる</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h3>非メンバ関数</h3>
<table border="1" bordercolor="#888" style="border-collapse:collapse">
<thead>
<tr>
<th>名前</th>
<th>説明</th>
<th>対応バージョン</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><code>swap(reference x, reference y)</code></td>
<td>2つの参照先のビットを入れ替える</td>
<td>C++26</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>swap(reference x, bool& y)</code></td>
<td>参照先のビットと<code>bool</code>を入れ替える</td>
<td>C++26</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>swap(bool& x, reference y)</code></td>
<td><code>bool</code>と参照先のビットを入れ替える</td>
<td>C++26</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h2>例</h2>
<p><div class="yata" id="a333050fc6cd49b6ef14e8cb4597950e582cef31"><div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><code><span class="cp">#include <a href="../../cassert.html"><cassert></a></span>
<span class="cp">#include <a href="../../bitset.html"><bitset></a></span>
<span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">main</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a href="../bitset.html">std::bitset</a></span><span class="o"><</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bs</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"1010"</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bs</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">true</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 書き換え</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a href="../../cassert/assert.html">assert</a></span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">bs</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">to_string</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"1011"</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 反転したビットを取得</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">result1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">~</span><span class="n">bs</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">];</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a href="../../cassert/assert.html">assert</a></span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">!</span><span class="n">result1</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// boolへの変換</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">result2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bs</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">];</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a href="../../cassert/assert.html">assert</a></span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">result2</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// ビットを反転させる</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bs</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">].</span><span class="n">flip</span><span class="p">();</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a href="../../cassert/assert.html">assert</a></span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">bs</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">to_string</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"1010"</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div></p>
<h3>出力</h3>
<p><pre><code></code></pre></p>
<h2>参照</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2022/p2417r2.pdf" target="_blank">P2417R2 A more constexpr bitset</a></li>
<li><a href="https://open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2025/p3612r1.html" target="_blank">P3612R1 Harmonize proxy-reference operations (LWG 3638 and 4187)</a><ul>
<li>C++26で、<code>const</code>修飾された<code>*this</code>に対する<code>bool</code>からの代入演算子と、<a class="cpprefjp-defined-word" data-desc="実引数依存の名前探索 (Argument Dependent Lookup)。引数の型が所属する名前空間の関数を探索する言語機能">ADL</a>で見つかる非メンバ<code>swap</code>関数が追加された</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="https://cplusplus.github.io/LWG/issue4493" target="_blank">LWG Issue 4493. Specification for some functions of bit reference types seems missing</a><ul>
<li>C++26で、規定が欠けていた<code>operator bool()</code>（参照先のビットが1なら<code>true</code>）と<code>operator~()</code>（<code>!bool(*this)</code>を返す）の<a class="cpprefjp-defined-word" data-desc="関数呼び出し式の評価結果となるオブジェクト・値">戻り値</a>が明文化された</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul></div>
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