// checked_iterators_1.cpp  
// cl.exe /Zi /MDd /EHsc /W4  
  
#define _ITERATOR_DEBUG_LEVEL 1  
  
#include <vector>  
#include <iostream>  
  
using namespace std;  
  
int main()  
{  
   vector<int> v;  
   v.push_back(67);  
  
   int i = v[0];  
   cout << i << endl;  
  
   i = v[1]; //triggers invalid parameter handler  
}  

// checked_iterators_2.cpp  
// cl.exe /Zi /MDd /EHsc /W4  
#define _ITERATOR_DEBUG_LEVEL 1  
  
#include <vector>  
#include <iostream>  
  
using namespace std;  
  
int main()  
{  
   vector<int> v;  
  
   int& i = v.front(); // triggers invalid parameter handler  
}  

// checked_iterators_3.cpp  
// cl.exe /MTd /EHsc /W4  
  
#include <algorithm>  
#include <array>  
#include <iostream>  
#include <iterator>  
#include <numeric>  
#include <string>  
#include <vector>  
  
using namespace std;  
  
template <typename C> 
void print(const string& s, const C& c)  
{  
    cout << s;  
  
    for (const auto& e : c) {  
        cout << e << " ";  
    }  
  
    cout << endl;  
}  
  
int main()  
{  
    vector<int> v(16);  
    iota(v.begin(), v.end(), 0);  
    print("v: ", v);  
  
    // OK: vector::iterator is checked in debug mode  
    // (i.e. an overrun causes a debug assertion)  
    vector<int> v2(16);  
    transform(v.begin(), v.end(), v2.begin(), [](int n) { return n * 2; });  
    print("v2: ", v2);  
  
    // OK: back_insert_iterator is marked as checked in debug mode  
    // (i.e. an overrun is impossible)  
    vector<int> v3;  
    transform(v.begin(), v.end(), back_inserter(v3), [](int n) { return n * 3; });  
    print("v3: ", v3);  
  
    // OK: array::iterator is checked in debug mode  
    // (i.e. an overrun causes a debug assertion)  
    array<int, 16> a4;  
    transform(v.begin(), v.end(), a4.begin(), [](int n) { return n * 4; });  
    print("a4: ", a4);  
  
    // OK: Raw arrays are checked in debug mode  
    // (an overrun causes a debug assertion)  
    // NOTE: This applies only when raw arrays are given to C++ Standard Library algorithms!  
    int a5[16];  
    transform(v.begin(), v.end(), a5, [](int n) { return n * 5; });  
    print("a5: ", a5);  
  
    // WARNING C4996: Pointers cannot be checked in debug mode  
    // (an overrun causes undefined behavior)  
    int a6[16];  
    int * p6 = a6;  
    transform(v.begin(), v.end(), p6, [](int n) { return n * 6; });  
    print("a6: ", a6);  
  
    // OK: stdext::checked_array_iterator is checked in debug mode  
    // (an overrun causes a debug assertion)  
    int a7[16];  
    int * p7 = a7;  
    transform(v.begin(), v.end(), stdext::make_checked_array_iterator(p7, 16), [](int n) { return n * 7; });  
    print("a7: ", a7);  
  
    // WARNING SILENCED: stdext::unchecked_array_iterator is marked as checked in debug mode  
    // (it performs no checking, so an overrun causes undefined behavior)  
    int a8[16];  
    int * p8 = a8;  
    transform(v.begin(), v.end(), stdext::make_unchecked_array_iterator(p8), [](int n) { return n * 8; });  
    print("a8: ", a8);  
}