We split the path by / and use a stack to process the components. .. pops from the stack, while . and empty strings are ignored.

1. Split path using /.
2. Initialize stack = [].
3. For each part in components:
   • If part == '..', pop() from stack if not empty.
   • Else if part is not . and not empty, push(part).
4. Return '/' + '/'.join(stack).

• Time Complexity: O(N).
• Space Complexity: O(N).

def simplify_path(path):
    stack = []
    parts = path.split("/")
    
    for p in parts:
        if p == "..":
            if stack:
                stack.pop()
        elif p == "." or not p:
            continue
        else:
            stack.append(p)
            
    return "/" + "/".join(stack)