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Problem 14: Geometric Boundary (Island Perimeter)

Problem Statement

You are given row x col grid representing a map where grid[i][j] = 1 represents land and grid[i][j] = 0 represents water. Grid cells are connected horizontally/vertically (not diagonally). The grid is completely surrounded by water, and there is exactly one island. Determine the perimeter of the island.

Input Format

  • A 2D integer matrix grid.

Example

Input: grid = [[0, 1, 0, 0], [1, 1, 1, 0], [0, 1, 0, 0], [1, 1, 0, 0]]
Output: 16