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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en" dir="ltr" data-theme="dark" data-has-toc data-has-sidebar class="astro-qj6ycuyd"> <head><meta name="astro-view-transitions-enabled" content="true"><meta name="astro-view-transitions-fallback" content="animate"><script type="module" src="/_astro/ClientRouter.astro_astro_type_script_index_0_lang.CUKa2Nj2.js"></script> <meta charset="utf-8"/><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"/><title>Effects | </title><link rel="canonical" href="https://codecept.io/effects/"/><link rel="sitemap" href="/sitemap-index.xml"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.svg" type="image/svg+xml"/><meta name="generator" content="Astro v5.16.5"/><meta name="generator" content="Starlight v0.37.1"/><meta property="og:title" content="Effects"/><meta property="og:type" content="article"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://codecept.io/effects/"/><meta property="og:locale" content="en"/><meta property="og:site_name" content/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/> <meta name="vtbot-replace-swap" content="data-theme"><script type="module" src="/_astro/ReplacementSwap.astro_astro_type_script_index_0_lang.D1Fl65FS.js"></script> <script type="module" src="/_astro/StarlightConnector.astro_astro_type_script_index_0_lang.BdsaPlsR.js"></script> <link rel="icon" href="/favicon.ico" sizes="32x32"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/apple-touch-icon.png"> <link rel="manifest" href="/site.webmanifest"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff" media="(prefers-color-scheme: light)"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#1a1d28" media="(prefers-color-scheme: dark)"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://codecept.io/og-image.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="630"> <meta property="og:image:alt" content="CodeceptJS — Supercharged End 2 End Testing"> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://codecept.io/og-image.png"> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"WebSite","@id":"effects","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://codecept.io/og-image.png"},"inLanguage":"en","name":"","url":"https://codecept.io/effects/","sameAs":["https://codecept.io/","https://twitter.com/codeceptjs","https://codeceptjs.slack.com/join/shared_invite/zt-1dkxkju78-9aThX6G2~iDkLwhuRsPVsg","https://codecept.discourse.group/","https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/codeceptjs","https://github.com/codeceptjs/CodeceptJS/discussions","https://github.com/codeceptjs/CodeceptJS"]}</script><script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Organization","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://codecept.io/og-image.png"},"url":"https://codecept.io/effects/","sameAs":["https://codecept.io/","https://twitter.com/codeceptjs","https://codeceptjs.slack.com/join/shared_invite/zt-1dkxkju78-9aThX6G2~iDkLwhuRsPVsg","https://codecept.discourse.group/","https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/codeceptjs","https://github.com/codeceptjs/CodeceptJS/discussions","https://github.com/codeceptjs/CodeceptJS"],"logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://codecept.io/favicon-512.png"},"name":"","@id":"effects"}</script><script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Effects","url":"https://codecept.io/effects/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://codecept.io/og-image.png"},"inLanguage":"en"}</script><script>
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style="--depth: 0;"> <a href="#hopethat" class="astro-vfcvrjst" style="--depth: 0;"> <span class="astro-vfcvrjst" style="--depth: 0;">hopeThat</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-vfcvrjst" style="--depth: 0;"> <a href="#retryto" class="astro-vfcvrjst" style="--depth: 0;"> <span class="astro-vfcvrjst" style="--depth: 0;">retryTo</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-vfcvrjst" style="--depth: 0;"> <a href="#within" class="astro-vfcvrjst" style="--depth: 0;"> <span class="astro-vfcvrjst" style="--depth: 0;">within</span> </a> <ul class="isMobile astro-vfcvrjst" style="--depth: 1;"> <li class="astro-vfcvrjst" style="--depth: 1;"> <a href="#iframes" class="astro-vfcvrjst" style="--depth: 1;"> <span class="astro-vfcvrjst" style="--depth: 1;">IFrames</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-vfcvrjst" style="--depth: 1;"> <a href="#returning-values" class="astro-vfcvrjst" style="--depth: 1;"> <span class="astro-vfcvrjst" style="--depth: 1;">Returning Values</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li><li class="astro-vfcvrjst" style="--depth: 0;"> <a href="#usage-with-typescript" class="astro-vfcvrjst" style="--depth: 0;"> <span class="astro-vfcvrjst" style="--depth: 0;">Usage with TypeScript</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div></details></nav></mobile-starlight-toc><script type="module" src="/_astro/MobileTableOfContents.astro_astro_type_script_index_0_lang.C181hMzK.js"></script></div><div class="right-sidebar-panel sl-hidden lg:sl-block astro-nzouaqej"><div class="sl-container astro-nzouaqej"><starlight-toc data-min-h="2" data-max-h="3"><nav aria-labelledby="starlight__on-this-page"><h2 id="starlight__on-this-page">On this page</h2><ul class="astro-vfcvrjst" style="--depth: 0;"> <li class="astro-vfcvrjst" style="--depth: 0;"> <a href="#_top" class="astro-vfcvrjst" style="--depth: 0;"> <span class="astro-vfcvrjst" style="--depth: 0;">Overview</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-vfcvrjst" style="--depth: 0;"> <a href="#installation" class="astro-vfcvrjst" style="--depth: 0;"> <span class="astro-vfcvrjst" style="--depth: 0;">Installation</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-vfcvrjst" style="--depth: 0;"> <a href="#tryto" class="astro-vfcvrjst" style="--depth: 0;"> <span class="astro-vfcvrjst" style="--depth: 0;">tryTo</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-vfcvrjst" style="--depth: 0;"> <a href="#hopethat" class="astro-vfcvrjst" style="--depth: 0;"> <span class="astro-vfcvrjst" style="--depth: 0;">hopeThat</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-vfcvrjst" style="--depth: 0;"> <a href="#retryto" class="astro-vfcvrjst" style="--depth: 0;"> <span class="astro-vfcvrjst" style="--depth: 0;">retryTo</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-vfcvrjst" style="--depth: 0;"> <a href="#within" class="astro-vfcvrjst" style="--depth: 0;"> <span class="astro-vfcvrjst" style="--depth: 0;">within</span> </a> <ul class="astro-vfcvrjst" style="--depth: 1;"> <li class="astro-vfcvrjst" style="--depth: 1;"> <a href="#iframes" class="astro-vfcvrjst" style="--depth: 1;"> <span class="astro-vfcvrjst" style="--depth: 1;">IFrames</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-vfcvrjst" style="--depth: 1;"> <a href="#returning-values" class="astro-vfcvrjst" style="--depth: 1;"> <span class="astro-vfcvrjst" style="--depth: 1;">Returning Values</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li><li class="astro-vfcvrjst" style="--depth: 0;"> <a href="#usage-with-typescript" class="astro-vfcvrjst" style="--depth: 0;"> <span class="astro-vfcvrjst" style="--depth: 0;">Usage with TypeScript</span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav></starlight-toc><script type="module" src="/_astro/TableOfContents.astro_astro_type_script_index_0_lang.CKWWgpjV.js"></script></div></div> </div> </aside> <div class="main-pane astro-4deqquyo"> <main data-pagefind-body class="astro-qj6ycuyd" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <div class="content-panel astro-7vmgf2si"> <div class="sl-container astro-7vmgf2si"> <div class="astro-guvttfii"></div><h1 id="_top" class="astro-bmayhthr">Effects</h1> </div> </div> <div class="content-panel astro-7vmgf2si"> <div class="sl-container astro-7vmgf2si"> <starlight-image-zoom> <template class="astro-qteoq5nn"> <dialog class="starlight-image-zoom-dialog astro-qteoq5nn"> <button aria-label="Unzoom image" class="starlight-image-zoom-control astro-qteoq5nn"> <svg aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="astro-qteoq5nn"> <use href="#starlight-image-zoom-icon-unzoom" class="astro-qteoq5nn"></use> </svg> </button> <figure class="astro-qteoq5nn"></figure> </dialog> </template> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="display:none" class="astro-qteoq5nn"> <symbol id="starlight-image-zoom-icon-zoom" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="astro-qteoq5nn"> <path d="M9.79 12.79 4 18.59V17a1 1 0 0 0-2 0v4a1 1 0 0 0 .08.38 1 1 0 0 0 .54.54A1 1 0 0 0 3 22h4a1 1 0 0 0 0-2H5.41l5.8-5.79a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42ZM21.92 2.62a1 1 0 0 0-.54-.54A1 1 0 0 0 21 2h-4a1 1 0 0 0 0 2h1.59l-5.8 5.79a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.42 1 1 0 0 0 1.42 0L20 5.41V7a1 1 0 0 0 2 0V3a1 1 0 0 0-.08-.38Z" class="astro-qteoq5nn"></path> </symbol> <symbol id="starlight-image-zoom-icon-unzoom" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="astro-qteoq5nn"> <path d="M21.71 2.29a1 1 0 0 0-1.42 0l-5.79 5.8V6.5a1 1 0 0 0-2 0v4a1 1 0 0 0 .08.38 1 1 0 0 0 .54.54 1 1 0 0 0 .38.08h4a1 1 0 0 0 0-2h-1.59l5.8-5.79a1 1 0 0 0 0-1.42ZM10.88 12.58a1 1 0 0 0-.38-.08h-4a1 1 0 0 0 0 2h1.59l-5.8 5.79a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.42 1 1 0 0 0 1.42 0l5.79-5.8v1.59a1 1 0 0 0 2 0v-4a1 1 0 0 0-.08-.38 1 1 0 0 0-.54-.54Z" class="astro-qteoq5nn"></path> </symbol> </svg> </starlight-image-zoom> <script type="module" src="/_astro/ImageZoom.astro_astro_type_script_index_0_lang.J1tlcSSG.js"></script> <div class="sl-markdown-content"> <!-- Auto-generated by scripts/sync-codeceptjs-docs.mjs from codeceptjs/CodeceptJS@4.x. Do not edit. -->
<p>Effects are functions that can modify scenario flow. They provide ways to handle conditional steps, retries, scoped contexts, and test flow control.</p>
<div class="sl-heading-wrapper level-h2"><h2 id="installation">Installation</h2><a class="sl-anchor-link" href="#installation"><span aria-hidden="true" class="sl-anchor-icon"><svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill="currentcolor" d="m12.11 15.39-3.88 3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1-3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0-3.5l3.88-3.88a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-3.88 3.89a4.48 4.48 0 0 0 6.33 6.33l3.89-3.88a1 1 0 1 0-1.42-1.42Zm8.58-12.08a4.49 4.49 0 0 0-6.33 0l-3.89 3.88a1 1 0 0 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1 3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0 3.5l-3.88 3.88a1 1 0 1 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.89a4.49 4.49 0 0 0 0-6.33ZM8.83 15.17a1 1 0 0 0 1.1.22 1 1 0 0 0 .32-.22l4.92-4.92a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-4.92 4.92a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.42Z"></path></svg></span><span class="sr-only">Section titled “Installation”</span></a></div>
<p>Effects can be imported directly from CodeceptJS:</p>
<div class="expressive-code"><link rel="stylesheet" href="/_astro/ec.y86o5.css"><script type="module" src="/_astro/ec.p1z7b.js"></script><figure class="frame not-content"><figcaption class="header"></figcaption><pre data-language="js"><code><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#D8B4FE;--1:#7C3AED">import</span><span style="--0:#C9D1D9;--1:#1F2937"> </span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">{</span><span style="--0:#C9D1D9;--1:#1F2937"> tryTo</span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">,</span><span style="--0:#C9D1D9;--1:#1F2937"> retryTo</span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">,</span><span style="--0:#C9D1D9;--1:#1F2937"> hopeThat</span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">,</span><span style="--0:#C9D1D9;--1:#1F2937"> within </span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">}</span><span style="--0:#C9D1D9;--1:#1F2937"> </span><span style="--0:#D8B4FE;--1:#7C3AED">from</span><span style="--0:#C9D1D9;--1:#1F2937"> </span><span style="--0:#7DD3FC;--1:#0369A1">'codeceptjs/effects'</span></div></div></code></pre><div class="copy"><button title="Copy to clipboard" data-copied="Copied!" data-code="import { tryTo, retryTo, hopeThat, within } from 'codeceptjs/effects'"><div></div></button></div></figure></div>
<blockquote>
<p>📝 Note: Prior to v4, <code dir="auto">tryTo</code> and <code dir="auto">retryTo</code> were enabled via plugins (<code dir="auto">tryTo</code>, <code dir="auto">retryTo</code>) that registered them as globals. Those plugins are removed in v4 — import effects from <code dir="auto">codeceptjs/effects</code> instead.</p>
</blockquote>
<div class="sl-heading-wrapper level-h2"><h2 id="tryto">tryTo</h2><a class="sl-anchor-link" href="#tryto"><span aria-hidden="true" class="sl-anchor-icon"><svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill="currentcolor" d="m12.11 15.39-3.88 3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1-3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0-3.5l3.88-3.88a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-3.88 3.89a4.48 4.48 0 0 0 6.33 6.33l3.89-3.88a1 1 0 1 0-1.42-1.42Zm8.58-12.08a4.49 4.49 0 0 0-6.33 0l-3.89 3.88a1 1 0 0 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1 3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0 3.5l-3.88 3.88a1 1 0 1 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.89a4.49 4.49 0 0 0 0-6.33ZM8.83 15.17a1 1 0 0 0 1.1.22 1 1 0 0 0 .32-.22l4.92-4.92a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-4.92 4.92a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.42Z"></path></svg></span><span class="sr-only">Section titled “tryTo”</span></a></div>
<p>The <code dir="auto">tryTo</code> effect allows you to attempt steps that may fail without stopping test execution. It’s useful for handling optional steps or conditions that aren’t critical for the test flow.</p>
<div class="expressive-code"><figure class="frame not-content"><figcaption class="header"></figcaption><pre data-language="js"><code><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#D8B4FE;--1:#7C3AED">import</span><span style="--0:#C9D1D9;--1:#1F2937"> </span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">{</span><span style="--0:#C9D1D9;--1:#1F2937"> tryTo </span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">}</span><span style="--0:#C9D1D9;--1:#1F2937"> </span><span style="--0:#D8B4FE;--1:#7C3AED">from</span><span style="--0:#C9D1D9;--1:#1F2937"> </span><span style="--0:#7DD3FC;--1:#0369A1">'codeceptjs/effects'</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code">
</div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#8B949E;--0fs:italic;--1:#636976;--1fs:italic">// inside a test</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#D8B4FE;--1:#7C3AED">const</span><span style="--0:#C9D1D9;--1:#1F2937"> success </span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">=</span><span style="--0:#C9D1D9;--1:#1F2937"> </span><span style="--0:#D8B4FE;--1:#7C3AED">await</span><span style="--1:#1F2937"><span style="--0:#C9D1D9"> </span><span style="--0:#E5E7EB">tryTo</span></span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">(()</span><span style="--0:#C9D1D9;--1:#1F2937"> </span><span style="--0:#D8B4FE;--1:#7C3AED">=></span><span style="--0:#C9D1D9;--1:#1F2937"> </span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">{</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span class="indent"> </span><span style="--0:#8B949E;--0fs:italic;--1:#636976;--1fs:italic">// These steps may fail but won't stop the test</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span class="indent"> </span><span style="--0:#db2777;--0fw:bold;--1:#db2777;--1fw:bold">I</span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">.</span><span style="--0:#E5E7EB;--1:#1F2937">see</span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">(</span><span style="--0:#7DD3FC;--1:#0369A1">'Cookie banner'</span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">)</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span class="indent"> </span><span style="--0:#db2777;--0fw:bold;--1:#db2777;--1fw:bold">I</span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">.</span><span style="--0:#E5E7EB;--1:#1F2937">click</span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">(</span><span style="--0:#7DD3FC;--1:#0369A1">'Accept cookies'</span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">)</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">})</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code">
</div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#D8B4FE;--1:#7C3AED">if</span><span style="--0:#C9D1D9;--1:#1F2937"> </span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">(!</span><span style="--0:#C9D1D9;--1:#1F2937">success</span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">)</span><span style="--0:#C9D1D9;--1:#1F2937"> </span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">{</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span class="indent"> </span><span style="--0:#db2777;--0fw:bold;--1:#db2777;--1fw:bold">I</span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">.</span><span style="--0:#E5E7EB;--1:#1F2937">say</span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">(</span><span style="--0:#7DD3FC;--1:#0369A1">'Cookie banner was not found'</span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">)</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">}</span></div></div></code></pre><div class="copy"><button title="Copy to clipboard" data-copied="Copied!" data-code="import { tryTo } from 'codeceptjs/effects'// inside a testconst success = await tryTo(() => { // These steps may fail but won't stop the test I.see('Cookie banner') I.click('Accept cookies')})if (!success) { I.say('Cookie banner was not found')}"><div></div></button></div></figure></div>
<p>If the steps inside <code dir="auto">tryTo</code> fail:</p>
<ul>
<li>The test will continue execution</li>
<li>The failure will be logged in debug output</li>
<li><code dir="auto">tryTo</code> returns <code dir="auto">false</code></li>
<li>Auto-retries are disabled inside <code dir="auto">tryTo</code> blocks</li>
</ul>
<div class="sl-heading-wrapper level-h2"><h2 id="hopethat">hopeThat</h2><a class="sl-anchor-link" href="#hopethat"><span aria-hidden="true" class="sl-anchor-icon"><svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill="currentcolor" d="m12.11 15.39-3.88 3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1-3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0-3.5l3.88-3.88a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-3.88 3.89a4.48 4.48 0 0 0 6.33 6.33l3.89-3.88a1 1 0 1 0-1.42-1.42Zm8.58-12.08a4.49 4.49 0 0 0-6.33 0l-3.89 3.88a1 1 0 0 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1 3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0 3.5l-3.88 3.88a1 1 0 1 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.89a4.49 4.49 0 0 0 0-6.33ZM8.83 15.17a1 1 0 0 0 1.1.22 1 1 0 0 0 .32-.22l4.92-4.92a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-4.92 4.92a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.42Z"></path></svg></span><span class="sr-only">Section titled “hopeThat”</span></a></div>
<p><code dir="auto">hopeThat</code> is the soft-assertion effect. It wraps a block of steps; if any step inside fails, the failure is recorded as a note on the test and <code dir="auto">hopeThat</code> returns <code dir="auto">false</code>, but the scenario keeps running. Call <code dir="auto">hopeThat.noErrors()</code> once at the end to fail the scenario if any soft assertion failed.</p>
<div class="expressive-code"><figure class="frame not-content"><figcaption class="header"></figcaption><pre data-language="js"><code><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#D8B4FE;--1:#7C3AED">import</span><span style="--0:#C9D1D9;--1:#1F2937"> </span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">{</span><span style="--0:#C9D1D9;--1:#1F2937"> hopeThat </span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">}</span><span style="--0:#C9D1D9;--1:#1F2937"> </span><span style="--0:#D8B4FE;--1:#7C3AED">from</span><span style="--0:#C9D1D9;--1:#1F2937"> </span><span style="--0:#7DD3FC;--1:#0369A1">'codeceptjs/effects'</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code">
</div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#7c3aed;--0fw:bold;--1:#7c3aed;--1fw:bold">Scenario</span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">(</span><span style="--0:#7DD3FC;--1:#0369A1">'form shows every validation error'</span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">,</span><span style="--0:#C9D1D9;--1:#1F2937"> </span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">({</span><span style="--0:#C9D1D9;--1:#1F2937"> </span><span style="--0:#db2777;--0fw:bold;--1:#db2777;--1fw:bold">I</span><span style="--0:#C9D1D9;--1:#1F2937"> </span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">})</span><span style="--0:#C9D1D9;--1:#1F2937"> </span><span style="--0:#D8B4FE;--1:#7C3AED">=></span><span style="--0:#C9D1D9;--1:#1F2937"> </span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">{</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span class="indent"> </span><span style="--0:#db2777;--0fw:bold;--1:#db2777;--1fw:bold">I</span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">.</span><span style="--0:#E5E7EB;--1:#1F2937">amOnPage</span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">(</span><span style="--0:#7DD3FC;--1:#0369A1">'/signup'</span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">)</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span class="indent"> </span><span style="--0:#db2777;--0fw:bold;--1:#db2777;--1fw:bold">I</span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">.</span><span style="--0:#E5E7EB;--1:#1F2937">click</span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">(</span><span style="--0:#7DD3FC;--1:#0369A1">'Submit'</span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">)</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code">
</div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span class="indent"> </span><span style="--0:#D8B4FE;--1:#7C3AED">await</span><span style="--1:#1F2937"><span style="--0:#C9D1D9"> </span><span style="--0:#E5E7EB">hopeThat</span></span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">(()</span><span style="--0:#C9D1D9;--1:#1F2937"> </span><span style="--0:#D8B4FE;--1:#7C3AED">=></span><span style="--0:#C9D1D9;--1:#1F2937"> </span><span style="--0:#db2777;--0fw:bold;--1:#db2777;--1fw:bold">I</span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">.</span><span style="--0:#E5E7EB;--1:#1F2937">see</span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">(</span><span style="--0:#7DD3FC;--1:#0369A1">'Email is required'</span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">,</span><span style="--0:#C9D1D9;--1:#1F2937"> </span><span style="--0:#7DD3FC;--1:#0369A1">'#email-error'</span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">))</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span class="indent"> </span><span style="--0:#D8B4FE;--1:#7C3AED">await</span><span style="--1:#1F2937"><span style="--0:#C9D1D9"> </span><span style="--0:#E5E7EB">hopeThat</span></span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">(()</span><span style="--0:#C9D1D9;--1:#1F2937"> </span><span style="--0:#D8B4FE;--1:#7C3AED">=></span><span style="--0:#C9D1D9;--1:#1F2937"> </span><span style="--0:#db2777;--0fw:bold;--1:#db2777;--1fw:bold">I</span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">.</span><span style="--0:#E5E7EB;--1:#1F2937">see</span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">(</span><span style="--0:#7DD3FC;--1:#0369A1">'Password is required'</span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">,</span><span style="--0:#C9D1D9;--1:#1F2937"> </span><span style="--0:#7DD3FC;--1:#0369A1">'#password-error'</span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">))</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span class="indent"> </span><span style="--0:#D8B4FE;--1:#7C3AED">await</span><span style="--1:#1F2937"><span style="--0:#C9D1D9"> </span><span style="--0:#E5E7EB">hopeThat</span></span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">(()</span><span style="--0:#C9D1D9;--1:#1F2937"> </span><span style="--0:#D8B4FE;--1:#7C3AED">=></span><span style="--0:#C9D1D9;--1:#1F2937"> </span><span style="--0:#db2777;--0fw:bold;--1:#db2777;--1fw:bold">I</span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">.</span><span style="--0:#E5E7EB;--1:#1F2937">see</span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">(</span><span style="--0:#7DD3FC;--1:#0369A1">'You must accept the terms'</span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">,</span><span style="--0:#C9D1D9;--1:#1F2937"> </span><span style="--0:#7DD3FC;--1:#0369A1">'#terms-error'</span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">))</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code">
</div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span class="indent"><span style="--0:#C9D1D9;--1:#1F2937"> </span></span><span style="--0:#C9D1D9;--1:#1F2937">hopeThat</span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">.</span><span style="--0:#E5E7EB;--1:#1F2937">noErrors</span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">()</span><span style="--0:#C9D1D9;--1:#1F2937"> </span><span style="--0:#8B949E;--0fs:italic;--1:#636976;--1fs:italic">// throws once, listing every recorded failure</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">})</span></div></div></code></pre><div class="copy"><button title="Copy to clipboard" data-copied="Copied!" data-code="import { hopeThat } from 'codeceptjs/effects'Scenario('form shows every validation error', ({ I }) => { I.amOnPage('/signup') I.click('Submit') await hopeThat(() => I.see('Email is required', '#email-error')) await hopeThat(() => I.see('Password is required', '#password-error')) await hopeThat(() => I.see('You must accept the terms', '#terms-error')) hopeThat.noErrors() // throws once, listing every recorded failure})"><div></div></button></div></figure></div>
<p><code dir="auto">hopeThat</code> returns <code dir="auto">Promise<boolean></code> — <code dir="auto">true</code> on success, <code dir="auto">false</code> on caught failure — which is handy for branching:</p>
<div class="expressive-code"><figure class="frame not-content"><figcaption class="header"></figcaption><pre data-language="js"><code><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#D8B4FE;--1:#7C3AED">const</span><span style="--0:#C9D1D9;--1:#1F2937"> cookieAccepted </span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">=</span><span style="--0:#C9D1D9;--1:#1F2937"> </span><span style="--0:#D8B4FE;--1:#7C3AED">await</span><span style="--1:#1F2937"><span style="--0:#C9D1D9"> </span><span style="--0:#E5E7EB">hopeThat</span></span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">(()</span><span style="--0:#C9D1D9;--1:#1F2937"> </span><span style="--0:#D8B4FE;--1:#7C3AED">=></span><span style="--0:#C9D1D9;--1:#1F2937"> </span><span style="--0:#db2777;--0fw:bold;--1:#db2777;--1fw:bold">I</span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">.</span><span style="--0:#E5E7EB;--1:#1F2937">click</span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">(</span><span style="--0:#7DD3FC;--1:#0369A1">'Accept cookies'</span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">))</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#D8B4FE;--1:#7C3AED">if</span><span style="--0:#C9D1D9;--1:#1F2937"> </span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">(!</span><span style="--0:#C9D1D9;--1:#1F2937">cookieAccepted</span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">)</span><span style="--0:#C9D1D9;--1:#1F2937"> </span><span style="--0:#db2777;--0fw:bold;--1:#db2777;--1fw:bold">I</span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">.</span><span style="--0:#E5E7EB;--1:#1F2937">say</span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">(</span><span style="--0:#7DD3FC;--1:#0369A1">'No cookie banner'</span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">)</span></div></div></code></pre><div class="copy"><button title="Copy to clipboard" data-copied="Copied!" data-code="const cookieAccepted = await hopeThat(() => I.click('Accept cookies'))if (!cookieAccepted) I.say('No cookie banner')"><div></div></button></div></figure></div>
<blockquote>
<p>💡 In 3.x, soft assertions were provided by <code dir="auto">SoftExpectHelper</code> (<code dir="auto">I.softAssert</code>, <code dir="auto">I.softExpectEqual</code>, <code dir="auto">I.flushSoftAssertions</code>). That helper is gone in 4.x — use <code dir="auto">hopeThat()</code> and <code dir="auto">hopeThat.noErrors()</code> instead. <code dir="auto">hopeThat</code> works with <strong>any</strong> assertion you can write inside a step: built-in <code dir="auto">I.see*</code>, custom-helper assertions, <code dir="auto">expect()</code> from your own assertion library, plain <code dir="auto">assert</code> from Node — anything that throws on failure.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>The same <code dir="auto">hopeThat</code> is also re-exported from <code dir="auto">codeceptjs/assertions</code> if you prefer that subpath:</p>
<div class="expressive-code"><figure class="frame not-content"><figcaption class="header"></figcaption><pre data-language="js"><code><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#D8B4FE;--1:#7C3AED">import</span><span style="--0:#C9D1D9;--1:#1F2937"> </span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">{</span><span style="--0:#C9D1D9;--1:#1F2937"> hopeThat </span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">}</span><span style="--0:#C9D1D9;--1:#1F2937"> </span><span style="--0:#D8B4FE;--1:#7C3AED">from</span><span style="--0:#C9D1D9;--1:#1F2937"> </span><span style="--0:#7DD3FC;--1:#0369A1">'codeceptjs/assertions'</span></div></div></code></pre><div class="copy"><button title="Copy to clipboard" data-copied="Copied!" data-code="import { hopeThat } from 'codeceptjs/assertions'"><div></div></button></div></figure></div>
<div class="sl-heading-wrapper level-h2"><h2 id="retryto">retryTo</h2><a class="sl-anchor-link" href="#retryto"><span aria-hidden="true" class="sl-anchor-icon"><svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill="currentcolor" d="m12.11 15.39-3.88 3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1-3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0-3.5l3.88-3.88a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-3.88 3.89a4.48 4.48 0 0 0 6.33 6.33l3.89-3.88a1 1 0 1 0-1.42-1.42Zm8.58-12.08a4.49 4.49 0 0 0-6.33 0l-3.89 3.88a1 1 0 0 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1 3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0 3.5l-3.88 3.88a1 1 0 1 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.89a4.49 4.49 0 0 0 0-6.33ZM8.83 15.17a1 1 0 0 0 1.1.22 1 1 0 0 0 .32-.22l4.92-4.92a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-4.92 4.92a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.42Z"></path></svg></span><span class="sr-only">Section titled “retryTo”</span></a></div>
<p>The <code dir="auto">retryTo</code> effect allows you to retry a set of steps multiple times until they succeed. This is useful for handling flaky elements or conditions that may need multiple attempts.</p>
<div class="expressive-code"><figure class="frame not-content"><figcaption class="header"></figcaption><pre data-language="js"><code><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#D8B4FE;--1:#7C3AED">import</span><span style="--0:#C9D1D9;--1:#1F2937"> </span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">{</span><span style="--0:#C9D1D9;--1:#1F2937"> retryTo </span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">}</span><span style="--0:#C9D1D9;--1:#1F2937"> </span><span style="--0:#D8B4FE;--1:#7C3AED">from</span><span style="--0:#C9D1D9;--1:#1F2937"> </span><span style="--0:#7DD3FC;--1:#0369A1">'codeceptjs/effects'</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code">
</div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#8B949E;--0fs:italic;--1:#636976;--1fs:italic">// Retry up to 5 times with 200ms between attempts</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#D8B4FE;--1:#7C3AED">await</span><span style="--1:#1F2937"><span style="--0:#C9D1D9"> </span><span style="--0:#E5E7EB">retryTo</span></span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">(()</span><span style="--0:#C9D1D9;--1:#1F2937"> </span><span style="--0:#D8B4FE;--1:#7C3AED">=></span><span style="--0:#C9D1D9;--1:#1F2937"> </span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">{</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span class="indent"> </span><span style="--0:#db2777;--0fw:bold;--1:#db2777;--1fw:bold">I</span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">.</span><span style="--0:#E5E7EB;--1:#1F2937">switchTo</span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">(</span><span style="--0:#7DD3FC;--1:#0369A1">'#editor-frame'</span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">)</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span class="indent"> </span><span style="--0:#db2777;--0fw:bold;--1:#db2777;--1fw:bold">I</span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">.</span><span style="--0:#E5E7EB;--1:#1F2937">fillField</span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">(</span><span style="--0:#7DD3FC;--1:#0369A1">'textarea'</span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">,</span><span style="--0:#C9D1D9;--1:#1F2937"> </span><span style="--0:#7DD3FC;--1:#0369A1">'Hello world'</span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">)</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">},</span><span style="--0:#C9D1D9;--1:#1F2937"> </span><span style="--0:#FBBF24;--1:#A94E08">5</span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">)</span></div></div></code></pre><div class="copy"><button title="Copy to clipboard" data-copied="Copied!" data-code="import { retryTo } from 'codeceptjs/effects'// Retry up to 5 times with 200ms between attemptsawait retryTo(() => { I.switchTo('#editor-frame') I.fillField('textarea', 'Hello world')}, 5)"><div></div></button></div></figure></div>
<p>Parameters:</p>
<ul>
<li><code dir="auto">callback</code> - Function containing steps to retry</li>
<li><code dir="auto">maxTries</code> - Maximum number of retry attempts</li>
<li><code dir="auto">pollInterval</code> - (optional) Delay between retries in milliseconds (default: 200ms)</li>
</ul>
<p>The callback receives the current retry count as an argument:</p>
<div class="expressive-code"><figure class="frame not-content"><figcaption class="header"></figcaption><pre data-language="js"><code><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#D8B4FE;--1:#7C3AED">import</span><span style="--0:#C9D1D9;--1:#1F2937"> </span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">{</span><span style="--0:#C9D1D9;--1:#1F2937"> retryTo </span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">}</span><span style="--0:#C9D1D9;--1:#1F2937"> </span><span style="--0:#D8B4FE;--1:#7C3AED">from</span><span style="--0:#C9D1D9;--1:#1F2937"> </span><span style="--0:#7DD3FC;--1:#0369A1">'codeceptjs/effects'</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code">
</div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#8B949E;--0fs:italic;--1:#636976;--1fs:italic">// inside a test...</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#D8B4FE;--1:#7C3AED">await</span><span style="--1:#1F2937"><span style="--0:#C9D1D9"> </span><span style="--0:#E5E7EB">retryTo</span></span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">(</span><span style="--0:#C9D1D9;--1:#1F2937">tries </span><span style="--0:#D8B4FE;--1:#7C3AED">=></span><span style="--0:#C9D1D9;--1:#1F2937"> </span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">{</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span class="indent"> </span><span style="--0:#db2777;--0fw:bold;--1:#db2777;--1fw:bold">I</span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">.</span><span style="--0:#E5E7EB;--1:#1F2937">say</span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">(</span><span style="--0:#7DD3FC;--1:#0369A1">`Attempt </span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">${</span><span style="--0:#7DD3FC;--1:#0369A1">tries</span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">}</span><span style="--0:#7DD3FC;--1:#0369A1">`</span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">)</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span class="indent"> </span><span style="--0:#db2777;--0fw:bold;--1:#db2777;--1fw:bold">I</span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">.</span><span style="--0:#E5E7EB;--1:#1F2937">click</span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">(</span><span style="--0:#7DD3FC;--1:#0369A1">'Submit'</span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">)</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span class="indent"> </span><span style="--0:#db2777;--0fw:bold;--1:#db2777;--1fw:bold">I</span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">.</span><span style="--0:#E5E7EB;--1:#1F2937">see</span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">(</span><span style="--0:#7DD3FC;--1:#0369A1">'Success'</span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">)</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">},</span><span style="--0:#C9D1D9;--1:#1F2937"> </span><span style="--0:#FBBF24;--1:#A94E08">3</span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">)</span></div></div></code></pre><div class="copy"><button title="Copy to clipboard" data-copied="Copied!" data-code="import { retryTo } from 'codeceptjs/effects'// inside a test...await retryTo(tries => { I.say(`Attempt ${tries}`) I.click('Submit') I.see('Success')}, 3)"><div></div></button></div></figure></div>
<div class="sl-heading-wrapper level-h2"><h2 id="within">within</h2><a class="sl-anchor-link" href="#within"><span aria-hidden="true" class="sl-anchor-icon"><svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill="currentcolor" d="m12.11 15.39-3.88 3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1-3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0-3.5l3.88-3.88a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-3.88 3.89a4.48 4.48 0 0 0 6.33 6.33l3.89-3.88a1 1 0 1 0-1.42-1.42Zm8.58-12.08a4.49 4.49 0 0 0-6.33 0l-3.89 3.88a1 1 0 0 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1 3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0 3.5l-3.88 3.88a1 1 0 1 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.89a4.49 4.49 0 0 0 0-6.33ZM8.83 15.17a1 1 0 0 0 1.1.22 1 1 0 0 0 .32-.22l4.92-4.92a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-4.92 4.92a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.42Z"></path></svg></span><span class="sr-only">Section titled “within”</span></a></div>
<p>The <code dir="auto">within</code> effect scopes all actions inside it to a specific element on the page — useful when working with repeated UI components or narrowing interaction to a specific section.</p>
<div class="expressive-code"><figure class="frame not-content"><figcaption class="header"></figcaption><pre data-language="js"><code><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#D8B4FE;--1:#7C3AED">import</span><span style="--0:#C9D1D9;--1:#1F2937"> </span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">{</span><span style="--0:#C9D1D9;--1:#1F2937"> within </span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">}</span><span style="--0:#C9D1D9;--1:#1F2937"> </span><span style="--0:#D8B4FE;--1:#7C3AED">from</span><span style="--0:#C9D1D9;--1:#1F2937"> </span><span style="--0:#7DD3FC;--1:#0369A1">'codeceptjs/effects'</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code">
</div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#8B949E;--0fs:italic;--1:#636976;--1fs:italic">// inside a test...</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#D8B4FE;--1:#7C3AED">await</span><span style="--1:#1F2937"><span style="--0:#C9D1D9"> </span><span style="--0:#E5E7EB">within</span></span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">(</span><span style="--0:#7DD3FC;--1:#0369A1">'.js-signup-form'</span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">,</span><span style="--0:#C9D1D9;--1:#1F2937"> </span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">()</span><span style="--0:#C9D1D9;--1:#1F2937"> </span><span style="--0:#D8B4FE;--1:#7C3AED">=></span><span style="--0:#C9D1D9;--1:#1F2937"> </span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">{</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span class="indent"> </span><span style="--0:#db2777;--0fw:bold;--1:#db2777;--1fw:bold">I</span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">.</span><span style="--0:#E5E7EB;--1:#1F2937">fillField</span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">(</span><span style="--0:#7DD3FC;--1:#0369A1">'user[login]'</span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">,</span><span style="--0:#C9D1D9;--1:#1F2937"> </span><span style="--0:#7DD3FC;--1:#0369A1">'User'</span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">)</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span class="indent"> </span><span style="--0:#db2777;--0fw:bold;--1:#db2777;--1fw:bold">I</span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">.</span><span style="--0:#E5E7EB;--1:#1F2937">fillField</span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">(</span><span style="--0:#7DD3FC;--1:#0369A1">'user[email]'</span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">,</span><span style="--0:#C9D1D9;--1:#1F2937"> </span><span style="--0:#7DD3FC;--1:#0369A1">'user@user.com'</span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">)</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span class="indent"> </span><span style="--0:#db2777;--0fw:bold;--1:#db2777;--1fw:bold">I</span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">.</span><span style="--0:#E5E7EB;--1:#1F2937">fillField</span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">(</span><span style="--0:#7DD3FC;--1:#0369A1">'user[password]'</span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">,</span><span style="--0:#C9D1D9;--1:#1F2937"> </span><span style="--0:#7DD3FC;--1:#0369A1">'user@user.com'</span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">)</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span class="indent"> </span><span style="--0:#db2777;--0fw:bold;--1:#db2777;--1fw:bold">I</span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">.</span><span style="--0:#E5E7EB;--1:#1F2937">click</span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">(</span><span style="--0:#7DD3FC;--1:#0369A1">'button'</span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">)</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">})</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#db2777;--0fw:bold;--1:#db2777;--1fw:bold">I</span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">.</span><span style="--0:#E5E7EB;--1:#1F2937">see</span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">(</span><span style="--0:#7DD3FC;--1:#0369A1">'There were problems creating your account.'</span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">)</span></div></div></code></pre><div class="copy"><button title="Copy to clipboard" data-copied="Copied!" data-code="import { within } from 'codeceptjs/effects'// inside a test...await within('.js-signup-form', () => { I.fillField('user[login]', 'User') I.fillField('user[email]', 'user@user.com') I.fillField('user[password]', 'user@user.com') I.click('button')})I.see('There were problems creating your account.')"><div></div></button></div></figure></div>
<blockquote>
<p>⚠ <code dir="auto">within</code> can cause problems when used incorrectly. If you see unexpected behavior, refactor to use the context parameter on individual actions instead (e.g. <code dir="auto">I.click('Login', '.nav')</code>). Keep <code dir="auto">within</code> for the simplest cases.</p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p>⚠ Since <code dir="auto">within</code> returns a Promise, always <code dir="auto">await</code> it when you need its return value.</p>
</blockquote>
<div class="sl-heading-wrapper level-h3"><h3 id="iframes">IFrames</h3><a class="sl-anchor-link" href="#iframes"><span aria-hidden="true" class="sl-anchor-icon"><svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill="currentcolor" d="m12.11 15.39-3.88 3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1-3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0-3.5l3.88-3.88a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-3.88 3.89a4.48 4.48 0 0 0 6.33 6.33l3.89-3.88a1 1 0 1 0-1.42-1.42Zm8.58-12.08a4.49 4.49 0 0 0-6.33 0l-3.89 3.88a1 1 0 0 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1 3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0 3.5l-3.88 3.88a1 1 0 1 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.89a4.49 4.49 0 0 0 0-6.33ZM8.83 15.17a1 1 0 0 0 1.1.22 1 1 0 0 0 .32-.22l4.92-4.92a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-4.92 4.92a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.42Z"></path></svg></span><span class="sr-only">Section titled “IFrames”</span></a></div>
<p>Use a <code dir="auto">frame</code> locator to scope actions inside an iframe:</p>
<div class="expressive-code"><figure class="frame not-content"><figcaption class="header"></figcaption><pre data-language="js"><code><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#D8B4FE;--1:#7C3AED">await</span><span style="--1:#1F2937"><span style="--0:#C9D1D9"> </span><span style="--0:#E5E7EB">within</span></span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">({</span><span style="--0:#C9D1D9;--1:#1F2937"> frame</span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">:</span><span style="--0:#C9D1D9;--1:#1F2937"> </span><span style="--0:#7DD3FC;--1:#0369A1">'#editor'</span><span style="--0:#C9D1D9;--1:#1F2937"> </span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">},</span><span style="--0:#C9D1D9;--1:#1F2937"> </span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">()</span><span style="--0:#C9D1D9;--1:#1F2937"> </span><span style="--0:#D8B4FE;--1:#7C3AED">=></span><span style="--0:#C9D1D9;--1:#1F2937"> </span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">{</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span class="indent"> </span><span style="--0:#db2777;--0fw:bold;--1:#db2777;--1fw:bold">I</span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">.</span><span style="--0:#E5E7EB;--1:#1F2937">see</span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">(</span><span style="--0:#7DD3FC;--1:#0369A1">'Page'</span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">)</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span class="indent"> </span><span style="--0:#db2777;--0fw:bold;--1:#db2777;--1fw:bold">I</span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">.</span><span style="--0:#E5E7EB;--1:#1F2937">fillField</span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">(</span><span style="--0:#7DD3FC;--1:#0369A1">'Body'</span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">,</span><span style="--0:#C9D1D9;--1:#1F2937"> </span><span style="--0:#7DD3FC;--1:#0369A1">'Hello world'</span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">)</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">})</span></div></div></code></pre><div class="copy"><button title="Copy to clipboard" data-copied="Copied!" data-code="await within({ frame: '#editor' }, () => { I.see('Page') I.fillField('Body', 'Hello world')})"><div></div></button></div></figure></div>
<p>Nested iframes <em>(WebDriver & Puppeteer only)</em>:</p>
<div class="expressive-code"><figure class="frame not-content"><figcaption class="header"></figcaption><pre data-language="js"><code><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#D8B4FE;--1:#7C3AED">await</span><span style="--1:#1F2937"><span style="--0:#C9D1D9"> </span><span style="--0:#E5E7EB">within</span></span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">({</span><span style="--0:#C9D1D9;--1:#1F2937"> frame</span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">:</span><span style="--0:#C9D1D9;--1:#1F2937"> </span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">[</span><span style="--0:#7DD3FC;--1:#0369A1">'.content'</span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">,</span><span style="--0:#C9D1D9;--1:#1F2937"> </span><span style="--0:#7DD3FC;--1:#0369A1">'#editor'</span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">]</span><span style="--0:#C9D1D9;--1:#1F2937"> </span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">},</span><span style="--0:#C9D1D9;--1:#1F2937"> </span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">()</span><span style="--0:#C9D1D9;--1:#1F2937"> </span><span style="--0:#D8B4FE;--1:#7C3AED">=></span><span style="--0:#C9D1D9;--1:#1F2937"> </span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">{</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span class="indent"> </span><span style="--0:#db2777;--0fw:bold;--1:#db2777;--1fw:bold">I</span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">.</span><span style="--0:#E5E7EB;--1:#1F2937">see</span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">(</span><span style="--0:#7DD3FC;--1:#0369A1">'Page'</span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">)</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">})</span></div></div></code></pre><div class="copy"><button title="Copy to clipboard" data-copied="Copied!" data-code="await within({ frame: ['.content', '#editor'] }, () => { I.see('Page')})"><div></div></button></div></figure></div>
<blockquote>
<p>ℹ IFrames can also be accessed via <code dir="auto">I.switchTo</code> command.</p>
</blockquote>
<div class="sl-heading-wrapper level-h3"><h3 id="returning-values">Returning Values</h3><a class="sl-anchor-link" href="#returning-values"><span aria-hidden="true" class="sl-anchor-icon"><svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill="currentcolor" d="m12.11 15.39-3.88 3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1-3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0-3.5l3.88-3.88a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-3.88 3.89a4.48 4.48 0 0 0 6.33 6.33l3.89-3.88a1 1 0 1 0-1.42-1.42Zm8.58-12.08a4.49 4.49 0 0 0-6.33 0l-3.89 3.88a1 1 0 0 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1 3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0 3.5l-3.88 3.88a1 1 0 1 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.89a4.49 4.49 0 0 0 0-6.33ZM8.83 15.17a1 1 0 0 0 1.1.22 1 1 0 0 0 .32-.22l4.92-4.92a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-4.92 4.92a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.42Z"></path></svg></span><span class="sr-only">Section titled “Returning Values”</span></a></div>
<p><code dir="auto">within</code> can return a value for use in the scenario:</p>
<div class="expressive-code"><figure class="frame not-content"><figcaption class="header"></figcaption><pre data-language="js"><code><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#D8B4FE;--1:#7C3AED">const</span><span style="--0:#C9D1D9;--1:#1F2937"> val </span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">=</span><span style="--0:#C9D1D9;--1:#1F2937"> </span><span style="--0:#D8B4FE;--1:#7C3AED">await</span><span style="--1:#1F2937"><span style="--0:#C9D1D9"> </span><span style="--0:#E5E7EB">within</span></span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">(</span><span style="--0:#7DD3FC;--1:#0369A1">'#sidebar'</span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">,</span><span style="--0:#C9D1D9;--1:#1F2937"> </span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">()</span><span style="--0:#C9D1D9;--1:#1F2937"> </span><span style="--0:#D8B4FE;--1:#7C3AED">=></span><span style="--0:#C9D1D9;--1:#1F2937"> </span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">{</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span class="indent"> </span><span style="--0:#D8B4FE;--1:#7C3AED">return</span><span style="--0:#C9D1D9;--1:#1F2937"> </span><span style="--0:#db2777;--0fw:bold;--1:#db2777;--1fw:bold">I</span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">.</span><span style="--0:#E5E7EB;--1:#1F2937">grabTextFrom</span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">({</span><span style="--0:#C9D1D9;--1:#1F2937"> css</span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">:</span><span style="--0:#C9D1D9;--1:#1F2937"> </span><span style="--0:#7DD3FC;--1:#0369A1">'h1'</span><span style="--0:#C9D1D9;--1:#1F2937"> </span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">})</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">})</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#db2777;--0fw:bold;--1:#db2777;--1fw:bold">I</span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">.</span><span style="--0:#E5E7EB;--1:#1F2937">fillField</span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">(</span><span style="--0:#7DD3FC;--1:#0369A1">'Description'</span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">,</span><span style="--0:#C9D1D9;--1:#1F2937"> val</span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">)</span></div></div></code></pre><div class="copy"><button title="Copy to clipboard" data-copied="Copied!" data-code="const val = await within('#sidebar', () => { return I.grabTextFrom({ css: 'h1' })})I.fillField('Description', val)"><div></div></button></div></figure></div>
<p>When running steps inside a <code dir="auto">within</code> block, they will be shown indented in the output.</p>
<div class="sl-heading-wrapper level-h2"><h2 id="usage-with-typescript">Usage with TypeScript</h2><a class="sl-anchor-link" href="#usage-with-typescript"><span aria-hidden="true" class="sl-anchor-icon"><svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill="currentcolor" d="m12.11 15.39-3.88 3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1-3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0-3.5l3.88-3.88a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-3.88 3.89a4.48 4.48 0 0 0 6.33 6.33l3.89-3.88a1 1 0 1 0-1.42-1.42Zm8.58-12.08a4.49 4.49 0 0 0-6.33 0l-3.89 3.88a1 1 0 0 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1 3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0 3.5l-3.88 3.88a1 1 0 1 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.89a4.49 4.49 0 0 0 0-6.33ZM8.83 15.17a1 1 0 0 0 1.1.22 1 1 0 0 0 .32-.22l4.92-4.92a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-4.92 4.92a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.42Z"></path></svg></span><span class="sr-only">Section titled “Usage with TypeScript”</span></a></div>
<p>Effects are fully typed and work well with TypeScript:</p>
<div class="expressive-code"><figure class="frame not-content"><figcaption class="header"></figcaption><pre data-language="ts"><code><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#D8B4FE;--1:#7C3AED">import</span><span style="--0:#C9D1D9;--1:#1F2937"> </span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">{</span><span style="--0:#C9D1D9;--1:#1F2937"> tryTo</span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">,</span><span style="--0:#C9D1D9;--1:#1F2937"> retryTo</span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">,</span><span style="--0:#C9D1D9;--1:#1F2937"> within </span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">}</span><span style="--0:#C9D1D9;--1:#1F2937"> </span><span style="--0:#D8B4FE;--1:#7C3AED">from</span><span style="--0:#C9D1D9;--1:#1F2937"> </span><span style="--0:#7DD3FC;--1:#0369A1">'codeceptjs/effects'</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code">
</div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#D8B4FE;--1:#7C3AED">const</span><span style="--0:#C9D1D9;--1:#1F2937"> success </span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">=</span><span style="--0:#C9D1D9;--1:#1F2937"> </span><span style="--0:#D8B4FE;--1:#7C3AED">await</span><span style="--1:#1F2937"><span style="--0:#C9D1D9"> </span><span style="--0:#E5E7EB">tryTo</span></span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">(</span><span style="--0:#D8B4FE;--1:#7C3AED">async</span><span style="--0:#C9D1D9;--1:#1F2937"> </span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">()</span><span style="--0:#C9D1D9;--1:#1F2937"> </span><span style="--0:#D8B4FE;--1:#7C3AED">=></span><span style="--0:#C9D1D9;--1:#1F2937"> </span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">{</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span class="indent"> </span><span style="--0:#D8B4FE;--1:#7C3AED">await</span><span style="--0:#C9D1D9;--1:#1F2937"> </span><span style="--0:#db2777;--0fw:bold;--1:#db2777;--1fw:bold">I</span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">.</span><span style="--0:#E5E7EB;--1:#1F2937">see</span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">(</span><span style="--0:#7DD3FC;--1:#0369A1">'Element'</span><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">)</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#9CA3AF;--1:#4B5563">})</span></div></div></code></pre><div class="copy"><button title="Copy to clipboard" data-copied="Copied!" data-code="import { tryTo, retryTo, within } from 'codeceptjs/effects'const success = await tryTo(async () => { await I.see('Element')})"><div></div></button></div></figure></div> </div> <footer class="sl-flex astro-4qzcips2"> <div class="meta sl-flex astro-4qzcips2"> </div> <div class="pagination-links print:hidden astro-c6pzuqbq" dir="ltr"> <a href="/docker" rel="prev" class="astro-c6pzuqbq"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="astro-c6pzuqbq astro-cbi3kmoi" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" style="--sl-icon-size: 1.5rem;"><path d="M17 11H9.41l3.3-3.29a1.004 1.004 0 1 0-1.42-1.42l-5 5a1 1 0 0 0-.21.33 1 1 0 0 0 0 .76 1 1 0 0 0 .21.33l5 5a1.002 1.002 0 0 0 1.639-.325 1 1 0 0 0-.219-1.095L9.41 13H17a1 1 0 0 0 0-2Z"/></svg> <span class="astro-c6pzuqbq"> Previous <br class="astro-c6pzuqbq"> <span class="link-title astro-c6pzuqbq">Docker</span> </span> </a> <a href="/element-selection" rel="next" class="astro-c6pzuqbq"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="astro-c6pzuqbq astro-cbi3kmoi" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" style="--sl-icon-size: 1.5rem;"><path d="M17.92 11.62a1.001 1.001 0 0 0-.21-.33l-5-5a1.003 1.003 0 1 0-1.42 1.42l3.3 3.29H7a1 1 0 0 0 0 2h7.59l-3.3 3.29a1.002 1.002 0 0 0 .325 1.639 1 1 0 0 0 1.095-.219l5-5a1 1 0 0 0 .21-.33 1 1 0 0 0 0-.76Z"/></svg> <span class="astro-c6pzuqbq"> Next <br class="astro-c6pzuqbq"> <span class="link-title astro-c6pzuqbq">Element Selection</span> </span> </a> </div> </footer> </div> </div> </main> </div> </div> </div> <footer class="cc-footer !mt-0 py-16 relative overflow-hidden"> <div class="cc-footer-grain" aria-hidden="true"></div> <div class="max-w-7xl mx-auto px-4 sm:px-6 lg:px-8 relative"> <div class="grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-2 lg:grid-cols-5 gap-8 mb-12"> <div class="lg:col-span-1"> <a href="/" class="inline-flex items-center mb-6" aria-label="CodeceptJS home"> <img src="/logo/logo-violet-dark.svg" alt="CodeceptJS" width="205" height="40" class="h-10 w-auto"> </a> <p class="cc-footer-body leading-relaxed mb-6">
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