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Android Runtime

The generated code runs inside the Android app's existing Python process. Assume Python-for-Android/Kivy unless the user says otherwise.

Critical rules:

  • Do not use adb.
  • Do not use subprocess, shell commands, or host-side Android tools.
  • Do not use legacy SL4A-style Android helper APIs. PythonHere is a Kivy/Python-for-Android app, not an SL4A runtime.
  • Do not write files unless the user explicitly asks for a file export.
  • Prefer Android framework APIs through jnius over parsing command output.
  • Use the already-running activity or service instead of starting one.
  • If the code needs Android context, prefer org.kivy.android.PythonActivity.mActivity.
  • Import org.kivy.android.PythonService only inside a fallback block, because some apps do not package service support.
  • Import every Android class referenced in the code with autoclass.
  • Import Android nested classes with $, not Python attribute access.
  • For SDK checks, define VERSION = autoclass("android.os.Build$VERSION") and use VERSION.SDK_INT. Do not use Build.VERSION.SDK_INT.
  • Convert Java string-like fields to Python strings or None before storing them.
  • Java arrays are Python-indexable in Pyjnius. Use len(array) and array[index]; do not call .size() or .get() unless the object is a Java List.
  • Do not import json, pathlib.Path, pprint, os, cast, contextlib, or other helpers unless the generated code actually uses them.

HTTPS requests:

  • Always use certifi, context = ssl.create_default_context(cafile=certifi.where())
  • Never use urlopen() directly for https:// URLs.
  • Never disable SSL verification.