feat(ngcc): execute schematic-like migrations in ngcc - #33279

A class that is provided as Angular service is required to have an
`@Injectable()` decorator so that the compiler generates its injectable
definition for the runtime. Applications are automatically migrated
using the "missing-injectable" schematic, however libraries built for
older version of Angular may not yet satisfy this requirement.

This commit ports the "missing-injectable" schematic to a migration that
is ran when ngcc is processing a library. This ensures that any service
that is provided from an NgModule or Directive/Component will have an
`@Injectable()` decorator.

In ngcc's migration system, synthetic decorators can be injected into a
compilation to ensure that certain classes are compiled with Angular
logic, where the original library code did not include the necessary
decorators. Prior to this change, synthesized decorators would have a
fake AST structure as associated node and a made-up identifier. In
theory, this may introduce issues downstream:

1) a decorator's node is used for diagnostics, so it must have position
information. Having fake AST nodes without a position is therefore a
problem. Note that this is currently not a problem in practice, as
injected synthesized decorators would not produce any diagnostics.

2) the decorator's identifier should refer to an imported symbol.
Therefore, it is required that the symbol is actually imported.
Moreover, bundle formats such as UMD and CommonJS use namespaces for
imports, so a bare `ts.Identifier` would not be suitable to use as
identifier. This was also not a problem in practice, as the identifier
is only used in the `setClassMetadata` generated code, which is omitted
for synthetically injected decorators.

To remedy these potential issues, this commit makes a decorator's
identifier optional and switches its node over from a fake AST structure
to the class' name.

Previously, the (currently disabled) undecorated parent migration in
ngcc would produce errors when a base class could not be determined
statically or when a class extends from a class in another package. This
is not ideal, as it would cause the library to fail compilation without
a workaround, whereas those problems are not guaranteed to cause issues.

Additionally, inheritance chains were not handled. This commit reworks
the migration to address these limitations.

When upgrading an Angular application to a new version using the Angular
CLI, built-in schematics are being run to update user code from
deprecated patterns to the new way of working. For libraries that have
been built for older versions of Angular however, such schematics have
not been executed which means that deprecated code patterns may still be
present, potentially resulting in incorrect behavior.

Some of the logic of schematics has been ported over to ngcc migrations,
which are automatically run on libraries. These migrations achieve the
same goal of the regular schematics, but operating on published library
sources instead of used code.