<p>ORMs provide a high-level abstraction upon a

<a href="/databases.html">relational database</a> that allows a developer to write

<p>However, Python ORM libraries are not required for accessing relational

databases. In fact, the low-level access is typically provided by another

or <a href="https://pypi.python.org/pypi/MySQL-python/1.2.5">MySQL-python</a> (for

creating a data analysis tool or a batch script without a user interface.</p>

<p>The <a href="/django.html">Django</a> web framework comes with its own built-in

writing straight SQL or using <a href="http://www.sqlalchemy.org/">SQLAlchemy</a>.</p>

<p>It's technically possible to drop down to SQL but it ties the queries to a

effort to get that working though so it's likely to come in Django 1.9 or

<p><a href="http://www.sqlalchemy.org/">SQLAlchemy</a> is currently the most respected

Python ORM because it typically get the abstraction level "just right" and

seems to make complex database queries easier to write than the Django ORM

via the <a href="https://pythonhosted.org/Flask-SQLAlchemy/">Flask-SQLAlchemy</a>

<p><a href="https://peewee.readthedocs.org/en/latest/">Peewee</a> is another Python ORM

written to be

<a href="http://charlesleifer.com/blog/the-case-for-peewee-small-hackable-and-fun/">simpler, smaller and more hackable</a>

than SQLAlchemy. The analogy used by the core Peewee author is that Peewee

is to SQLAlchemy as SQLite is to PostgreSQL. An ORM does not have to work

developers peril in many cases), libraries to perform schema migrations

<p>Database schema migrations are a complex topic and deserve their own page.

For now, we'll lump schema migration resources under ORM links below.</p>

<p>This article does a solid job of explaing what

<p>Martin Fowler addresses the

<p><a href="http://django-debug-toolbar.readthedocs.org/en/1.2/">Django Debug Toolbar</a>

during development to ensure you're writing reasonable query code.

is that any Django app that's been running for awhile on one

<a href="/databases.html">relational database</a> will require a lot more work to

explains the difficulty of supporting Django 1.7 and maintaining South

shows how to write generic queries that'll allow you to provide site

search via the Django ORM without relying on another tool like

<p><a href="https://realpython.com/blog/python/django-migrations-a-primer/">Django Migrations - a Primer</a>

takes you through the new migrations system integrated in the Django core as of Django 1.7, looking specifically at a solid workflow that you can use for creating and applying migrations.</p>

ORM I highly recommend reading

from the author of the Peewee ORM explains how some of the design

is a well written tutorial that uses the

<a href="https://peewee.readthedocs.org/en/latest/">Peewee ORM</a> instead of