-
Notifications
You must be signed in to change notification settings - Fork 0
Expand file tree
/
Copy path8cda8bbd.html
More file actions
996 lines (465 loc) · 50.2 KB
/
Copy path8cda8bbd.html
File metadata and controls
996 lines (465 loc) · 50.2 KB
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
978
979
980
981
982
983
984
985
986
987
988
989
990
991
992
993
994
995
996
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html class="theme-next pisces use-motion" lang="zh-Hans">
<head><meta name="generator" content="Hexo 3.9.0">
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1">
<meta name="theme-color" content="#222">
<script src="/lib/pace/pace.min.js?v=1.0.2"></script>
<link href="/lib/pace/pace-theme-flash.min.css?v=1.0.2" rel="stylesheet">
<meta http-equiv="Cache-Control" content="no-transform">
<meta http-equiv="Cache-Control" content="no-siteapp">
<link href="/lib/fancybox/source/jquery.fancybox.css?v=2.1.5" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="https://fonts.cat.net/css?family=Lato:300,300italic,400,400italic,700,700italic|Roboto Slab:300,300italic,400,400italic,700,700italic|Roboto Mono:300,300italic,400,400italic,700,700italic&subset=latin,latin-ext" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="/lib/font-awesome/css/font-awesome.min.css?v=4.6.2" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="/css/main.css?v=5.1.3" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/images/apple-touch-icon.png?v=5.1.3">
<link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="/images/favicon-32x32.png?v=5.1.3">
<link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="/images/favicon-16x16.png?v=5.1.3">
<link rel="manifest" href="/images/manifest.json">
<meta name="msapplication-config" content="/images/browserconfig.xml">
<meta name="keywords" content="Android知识点,">
<meta name="description" content="1.何谓Handler机制?一般来说,当你的应用被创建的时候,会创建一条应用的主线程。因为效率的考虑,所有的 View 和 Widget 都不是线程安全的,所以相关操作强制放在同一个线程,这样就可以避免多线程带来的问题。这个线程就是主线程,也即 UI 线程。">
<meta name="keywords" content="Android知识点">
<meta property="og:type" content="article">
<meta property="og:title" content="Android Handler机制理解">
<meta property="og:url" content="https://dev-xu.cn/posts/8cda8bbd.html">
<meta property="og:site_name" content="Xu的博客">
<meta property="og:description" content="1.何谓Handler机制?一般来说,当你的应用被创建的时候,会创建一条应用的主线程。因为效率的考虑,所有的 View 和 Widget 都不是线程安全的,所以相关操作强制放在同一个线程,这样就可以避免多线程带来的问题。这个线程就是主线程,也即 UI 线程。">
<meta property="og:locale" content="zh-Hans">
<meta property="og:updated_time" content="2019-07-07T09:06:46.608Z">
<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary">
<meta name="twitter:title" content="Android Handler机制理解">
<meta name="twitter:description" content="1.何谓Handler机制?一般来说,当你的应用被创建的时候,会创建一条应用的主线程。因为效率的考虑,所有的 View 和 Widget 都不是线程安全的,所以相关操作强制放在同一个线程,这样就可以避免多线程带来的问题。这个线程就是主线程,也即 UI 线程。">
<script type="text/javascript" id="hexo.configurations">
var NexT = window.NexT || {};
var CONFIG = {
root: '/',
scheme: 'Pisces',
version: '5.1.3',
sidebar: {"position":"left","display":"post","offset":12,"b2t":false,"scrollpercent":true,"onmobile":true},
fancybox: true,
tabs: true,
motion: {"enable":true,"async":false,"transition":{"post_block":"fadeIn","post_header":"slideDownIn","post_body":"slideDownIn","coll_header":"slideLeftIn","sidebar":"slideUpIn"}},
duoshuo: {
userId: '0',
author: '博主'
},
algolia: {
applicationID: '',
apiKey: '',
indexName: '',
hits: {"per_page":10},
labels: {"input_placeholder":"Search for Posts","hits_empty":"We didn't find any results for the search: ${query}","hits_stats":"${hits} results found in ${time} ms"}
}
};
</script>
<link rel="canonical" href="https://dev-xu.cn/posts/8cda8bbd.html">
<title>Android Handler机制理解 | Xu的博客</title>
</head>
<body itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/WebPage" lang="zh-Hans">
<div class="container sidebar-position-left page-post-detail">
<div class="headband"></div>
<header id="header" class="header" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/WPHeader">
<div class="header-inner"><div class="site-brand-wrapper">
<div class="site-meta ">
<div class="custom-logo-site-title">
<a href="/" class="brand" rel="start">
<span class="logo-line-before"><i></i></span>
<span class="site-title">Xu的博客</span>
<span class="logo-line-after"><i></i></span>
</a>
</div>
<p class="site-subtitle"></p>
</div>
<div class="site-nav-toggle">
<button>
<span class="btn-bar"></span>
<span class="btn-bar"></span>
<span class="btn-bar"></span>
</button>
</div>
</div>
<nav class="site-nav">
<ul id="menu" class="menu">
<li class="menu-item menu-item-home">
<a href="/" rel="section">
<i class="menu-item-icon fa fa-fw fa-home"></i> <br>
首页
</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item menu-item-tags">
<a href="/tags/" rel="section">
<i class="menu-item-icon fa fa-fw fa-tags"></i> <br>
标签
</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item menu-item-categories">
<a href="/categories/" rel="section">
<i class="menu-item-icon fa fa-fw fa-th"></i> <br>
分类
</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item menu-item-archives">
<a href="/archives/" rel="section">
<i class="menu-item-icon fa fa-fw fa-archive"></i> <br>
归档
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</div>
</header>
<main id="main" class="main">
<div class="main-inner">
<div class="content-wrap">
<div id="content" class="content">
<div id="posts" class="posts-expand">
<article class="post post-type-normal" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Article">
<div class="post-block">
<link itemprop="mainEntityOfPage" href="https://dev-xu.cn/posts/8cda8bbd.html">
<span hidden itemprop="author" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person">
<meta itemprop="name" content="Xu">
<meta itemprop="description" content>
<meta itemprop="image" content="/images/avatar.png">
</span>
<span hidden itemprop="publisher" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Organization">
<meta itemprop="name" content="Xu的博客">
</span>
<header class="post-header">
<h1 class="post-title" itemprop="name headline">Android Handler机制理解</h1>
<div class="post-meta">
<span class="post-time">
<span class="post-meta-item-icon">
<i class="fa fa-calendar-o"></i>
</span>
<span class="post-meta-item-text">发表于</span>
<time title="创建于" itemprop="dateCreated datePublished" datetime="2017-10-21T14:51:23+08:00">
2017-10-21
</time>
</span>
<span class="post-category">
<span class="post-meta-divider">|</span>
<span class="post-meta-item-icon">
<i class="fa fa-folder-o"></i>
</span>
<span class="post-meta-item-text">分类于</span>
<span itemprop="about" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Thing">
<a href="/categories/Android/" itemprop="url" rel="index">
<span itemprop="name">Android</span>
</a>
</span>
</span>
<span id="/posts/8cda8bbd.html" class="leancloud_visitors" data-flag-title="Android Handler机制理解">
<span class="post-meta-divider">|</span>
<span class="post-meta-item-icon">
<i class="fa fa-eye"></i>
</span>
<span class="post-meta-item-text">阅读次数:</span>
<span class="leancloud-visitors-count"></span>
</span>
</div>
</header>
<div class="post-body" itemprop="articleBody">
<h4 id="1-何谓Handler机制?"><a href="#1-何谓Handler机制?" class="headerlink" title="1.何谓Handler机制?"></a>1.何谓Handler机制?</h4><p>一般来说,当你的应用被创建的时候,会创建一条应用的主线程。因为效率的考虑,所有的 View 和 Widget 都不是线程安全的,所以相关操作强制放在同一个线程,这样就可以避免多线程带来的问题。这个线程就是主线程,也即 UI 线程。</p>
<a id="more"></a>
<p>当然,你可以创建自己的线程去做操作,但如何应用的主线程通信呢。那就要使用到 Handler 机制了。如果你将一个 Handler 和你的 UI 线程连接,处理消息的代码就将会在 UI 线程中执行。新线程和UI线程的通信是通过从你的新线程调用和主线程相关的 Handler 对象的相关方法实现的。</p>
<p>那接下来就要介绍一下这个消息通讯机制 Handler,涉及到三个主要的类:Looper,Handler 和 Message 类。</p>
<h4 id="2-Looper"><a href="#2-Looper" class="headerlink" title="2.Looper"></a>2.Looper</h4><p>重点方法为:prepare()和loop()</p>
<h5 id="Looper-prepare-:"><a href="#Looper-prepare-:" class="headerlink" title="Looper#prepare():"></a>Looper#prepare():</h5><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> ThreadLocal sThreadLocal = <span class="keyword">new</span> ThreadLocal(); </span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">prepare</span><span class="params">()</span> </span>{ </span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span> (sThreadLocal.get() != <span class="keyword">null</span>) { </span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">throw</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> RuntimeException(<span class="string">"Only one Looper may be created per thread"</span>); </span><br><span class="line"> } </span><br><span class="line"> sThreadLocal.set(<span class="keyword">new</span> Looper()); </span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>解释:首先它创建了一个ThreadLocal对象,它是一个线程内部的数据存储类,通过它可以在指定的线程中存储数据。然后在prepare方法中将looper存储在线程里面。</p>
<h5 id="Looper-Looper-:"><a href="#Looper-Looper-:" class="headerlink" title="Looper#Looper():"></a>Looper#Looper():</h5><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="title">Looper</span><span class="params">(<span class="keyword">boolean</span> quitAllowed)</span> </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> mQueue = <span class="keyword">new</span> MessageQueue(quitAllowed); </span><br><span class="line"> mRun = <span class="keyword">true</span>; </span><br><span class="line"> mThread = Thread.currentThread();</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>而在构造方法中,Looper创建了一个MessageQueue,虽然是叫queue但其实内部实现是一个单链表。</p>
<h5 id="Looper-loop-:"><a href="#Looper-loop-:" class="headerlink" title="Looper#loop():"></a>Looper#loop():</h5><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">loop</span><span class="params">()</span> </span>{ </span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">final</span> Looper me = myLooper();</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span> (me == <span class="keyword">null</span>) { </span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">throw</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> RuntimeException(<span class="string">"No Looper; Looper.prepare() wasn't called on this thread."</span>);</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">final</span> MessageQueue queue = me.mQueue;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// Make sure the identity of this thread is that of the local process,</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// and keep track of what that identity token actually is. </span></span><br><span class="line"> Binder.clearCallingIdentity();</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">final</span> <span class="keyword">long</span> ident = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">for</span> (;;) {</span><br><span class="line"> Message msg = queue.next(); <span class="comment">// might block</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span> (msg == <span class="keyword">null</span>) { </span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// No message indicates that the message queue is quitting. </span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span>; </span><br><span class="line"> } </span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// This must be in a local variable, in case a UI event sets the logger </span></span><br><span class="line"> Printer logging = me.mLogging; </span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span> (logging != <span class="keyword">null</span>) { </span><br><span class="line"> logging.println(<span class="string">">>>>> Dispatching to "</span> + msg.target + <span class="string">" "</span> + </span><br><span class="line"> msg.callback + <span class="string">": "</span> + msg.what); </span><br><span class="line"> } </span><br><span class="line"> msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg); </span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span> (logging != <span class="keyword">null</span>) { </span><br><span class="line"> logging.println(<span class="string">"<<<<< Finished to "</span> + msg.target + <span class="string">" "</span> + msg.callback); </span><br><span class="line"> } </span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// Make sure that during the course of dispatching the </span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// identity of the thread wasn't corrupted. </span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">final</span> <span class="keyword">long</span> newIdent = Binder.clearCallingIdentity(); </span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span> (ident != newIdent) { </span><br><span class="line"> Log.wtf(TAG, <span class="string">"Thread identity changed from 0x"</span> </span><br><span class="line"> + Long.toHexString(ident) + <span class="string">" to 0x"</span> </span><br><span class="line"> + Long.toHexString(newIdent) + <span class="string">" while dispatching to "</span> </span><br><span class="line"> + msg.target.getClass().getName() + <span class="string">" "</span> </span><br><span class="line"> + msg.callback + <span class="string">" what="</span> + msg.what); </span><br><span class="line"> } </span><br><span class="line"> msg.recycle(); </span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> Looper <span class="title">myLooper</span><span class="params">()</span> </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> sThreadLocal.get();</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>解释:方法直接返回了前面sThreadLocal存储的Looper实例,如果me为null则抛出异常,也就是说looper方法必须在prepare方法之后运行。拿到该looper实例中的mQueue即消息队列后进入了无限循环,不断从队列中取出一条消息,如果没有消息则阻塞。如果取得消息使用调用msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg);把消息交给msg的target的dispatchMessage方法去处理。而msg的target是什么呢?其实就是前面讲到的handler对象,最后会释放消息占据的资源。</p>
<p>Looper类总结:</p>
<ol>
<li>与当前线程绑定,保证一个线程只会有一个Looper实例,同时一个Looper实例也只有一个MessageQueue。</li>
<li>loop()方法,不断从MessageQueue中去取消息,交给message的target的dispatchMessage去处理。</li>
</ol>
<p>接下来就要讲发送消息的对象了,这个对象就是Handler。</p>
<h4 id="3-Handler"><a href="#3-Handler" class="headerlink" title="3.Handler"></a>3.Handler</h4><p>主要作用是将一个任务切换到某个指定的线程中去执行,同时为了解决在子线程中无法访问UI的矛盾。</p>
<p>所以我们首先看Handler的构造方法,看其如何与MessageQueue联系上的。</p>
<h5 id="Handler-Handler-:"><a href="#Handler-Handler-:" class="headerlink" title="Handler#Handler():"></a>Handler#Handler():</h5><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="title">Handler</span><span class="params">()</span> </span>{ </span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">this</span>(<span class="keyword">null</span>, <span class="keyword">false</span>); </span><br><span class="line">} </span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="title">Handler</span><span class="params">(Callback callback, <span class="keyword">boolean</span> async)</span> </span>{ </span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span> (FIND_POTENTIAL_LEAKS) { </span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">final</span> Class<? extends Handler> klass = getClass(); </span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span> ((klass.isAnonymousClass() || klass.isMemberClass() || klass.isLocalClass()) && </span><br><span class="line"> (klass.getModifiers() & Modifier.STATIC) == <span class="number">0</span>) { </span><br><span class="line"> Log.w(TAG, <span class="string">"The following Handler class should be static or leaks might occur: "</span> + klass.getCanonicalName()); </span><br><span class="line"> } </span><br><span class="line"> } </span><br><span class="line"> mLooper = Looper.myLooper(); </span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span> (mLooper == <span class="keyword">null</span>) { </span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">throw</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> RuntimeException(<span class="string">"Can't create handler inside thread that has not called Looper.prepare()"</span>); </span><br><span class="line"> } </span><br><span class="line"> mQueue = mLooper.mQueue; </span><br><span class="line"> mCallback = callback; </span><br><span class="line"> mAsynchronous = async; </span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>解释:在构造的时候会检查当前的Handler是否为静态类,不是静态声明的话会打印Log,提示会有内存泄漏现象的产生,然后通过Looper.myLooper()方法获取到当前线程的Looper实例(mLooper)并进一步获取到当前线程的消息队列(mQueue),这样就保证了handler的实例与我们Looper实例中MessageQueue关联上了。</p>
<p>使用的时候我们会经常使用到sendMessage方法,我们来看看源码实现:<br><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> <span class="keyword">boolean</span> <span class="title">sendMessage</span><span class="params">(Message msg)</span> </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> sendMessageDelayed(msg, <span class="number">0</span>);</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> <span class="keyword">boolean</span> <span class="title">sendEmptyMessageDelayed</span><span class="params">(<span class="keyword">int</span> what, <span class="keyword">long</span> delayMillis)</span> </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> Message msg = Message.obtain();</span><br><span class="line"> msg.what = what;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> sendMessageDelayed(msg, delayMillis);</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> <span class="keyword">boolean</span> <span class="title">sendMessageDelayed</span><span class="params">(Message msg, <span class="keyword">long</span> delayMillis)</span> </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span> (delayMillis < <span class="number">0</span>) {</span><br><span class="line"> delayMillis = <span class="number">0</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> sendMessageAtTime(msg, SystemClock.uptimeMillis() + delayMillis);</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">boolean</span> <span class="title">sendMessageAtTime</span><span class="params">(Message msg, <span class="keyword">long</span> uptimeMillis)</span> </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> MessageQueue queue = mQueue;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span> (queue == <span class="keyword">null</span>) {</span><br><span class="line"> RuntimeException e = <span class="keyword">new</span> RuntimeException(</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">this</span> + <span class="string">" sendMessageAtTime() called with no mQueue"</span>);</span><br><span class="line"> Log.w(<span class="string">"Looper"</span>, e.getMessage(), e);</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="keyword">false</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> enqueueMessage(queue, msg, uptimeMillis);</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">boolean</span> <span class="title">enqueueMessage</span><span class="params">(MessageQueue queue, Message msg, <span class="keyword">long</span> uptimeMillis)</span> </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> msg.target = <span class="keyword">this</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span> (mAsynchronous) {</span><br><span class="line"> msg.setAsynchronous(<span class="keyword">true</span>);</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> queue.enqueueMessage(msg, uptimeMillis);</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>一路跳到最后的enqueueMessage方法,enqueueMessage中首先为msg.target赋值为this,因为Looper中的loop方法会取出每个msg然后交给msg,target.dispatchMessage(msg)去处理消息,也就是把当前的handler作为msg的target属性。最终会调用queue的enqueueMessage的方法,保存到消息队列中去。</p>
<p>现在已经很清楚了Looper会调用prepare()和loop()方法,在当前执行的线程中保存一个Looper实例,这个实例会保存一个MessageQueue对象,然后当前线程进入一个无限循环中去,不断从MessageQueue中读取Handler发来的消息。然后再回调创建这个消息的handler中的dispatchMessage方法。</p>
<h5 id="Handler-dispatchMessage-:"><a href="#Handler-dispatchMessage-:" class="headerlink" title="Handler#dispatchMessage():"></a>Handler#dispatchMessage():</h5><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">dispatchMessage</span><span class="params">(Message msg)</span> </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span> (msg.callback != <span class="keyword">null</span>) {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// 如果message设置了callback,即runnable消息,处理callback!</span></span><br><span class="line"> handleCallback(msg); <span class="comment">// 并直接调用callback的run方法!</span></span><br><span class="line"> } <span class="keyword">else</span> {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// 如果handler本身设置了callback,则执行callback </span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span> (mCallback != <span class="keyword">null</span>) {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span> (mCallback.handleMessage(msg)) {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// 如果message没有callback,则调用handler的钩子方法handleMessage</span></span><br><span class="line"> handleMessage(msg);</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>几个变量和方法的解释:</p>
<ol>
<li>callback:message携带的Runnable对象,实际上就是Handler的post方法所传递的Runnable参数。</li>
</ol>
<p>我们来看一下Handler的post方法源码实现:<br><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">mHandler.post(<span class="keyword">new</span> Runnable() {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="meta">@Override</span> </span><br><span class="line"> <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">run</span><span class="params">()</span> </span>{ </span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// code</span></span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line">});</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>其实这个Runnable并没有创建什么线程,而是发送了一条消息:</p>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> <span class="keyword">boolean</span> <span class="title">post</span><span class="params">(Runnable r)</span> </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> sendMessageDelayed(getPostMessage(r), <span class="number">0</span>); </span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> Message <span class="title">getPostMessage</span><span class="params">(Runnable r)</span> </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> Message m = Message.obtain(); </span><br><span class="line"> m.callback = r; </span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> m;</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>在getPostMessage中,得到了一个Message对象,然后将我们创建的Runable对象作为callback属性,赋值给了此message。</p>
<p>注意:产生一个Message对象,可以new,也可以使用Message.obtain()方法;两者都可以,但是更建议使用obtain方法,因为Message内部维护了一个Message池用于Message的复用,避免使用new重新分配内存。</p>
<ol start="2">
<li><p>mCallback:可通过Handler handler = new Handler(callback); 可以用来创建一个Handler实例但不需要派生Handler子类。它可用来拦截消息!当mCallback的handleMessage返回true的时候可以拦截消息,具体的逻辑看上面的代码很容易理解!</p>
</li>
<li><p>handleMessage(msg):它是一个空方法,为什么呢,因为消息的最终回调是由我们控制的,我们在创建handler的时候都是复写handleMessage方法,然后根据msg.what进行消息处理。</p>
</li>
</ol>
<p>到此,这个流程已经解释完毕,总结一下:</p>
<ol>
<li>首先Looper.prepare()在本线程中保存一个Looper实例,然后该实例中保存一个MessageQueue对象;因为Looper.prepare()在一个线程中只能调用一次,所以MessageQueue在一个线程中只会存在一个。</li>
<li>Looper.loop()会让当前线程进入一个无限循环,不端从MessageQueue的实例中读取消息,然后回调msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg)方法。</li>
<li>Handler的构造方法,会首先得到当前线程中保存的Looper实例,进而与MessageQueue相关联。</li>
<li>Handler的sendMessage方法,会给msg的target赋值为handler自身,然后加入MessageQueue中。</li>
<li>在构造Handler实例时,我们会重写handleMessage方法,也就是msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg)。</li>
<li>在Activity中,我们并没有显示的调用Looper.prepare()和Looper.loop()方法,是因为在Activity的启动代码中,已经在当前UI线程调用了Looper.prepare()和Looper.loop()方法。</li>
</ol>
<p>下面是个人认为在 Activity 中一个合格的 Handler 该有的样子:</p>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">MyHandler</span> <span class="keyword">extends</span> <span class="title">Handler</span> </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">private</span> WeakReference<CustomActivity> activityWeakReference;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="title">MyHandler</span><span class="params">(CustomActivity activity)</span> </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> activityWeakReference = <span class="keyword">new</span> WeakReference<CustomActivity>(activity);</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="meta">@Override</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">handleMessage</span><span class="params">(Message msg)</span> </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> CustomActivity activtiy = activityWeakReference.get();</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span> (activity != <span class="keyword">null</span>) {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// code </span></span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</div>
<footer class="post-footer">
<div class="post-tags">
<a href="/tags/Android知识点/" rel="tag"># Android知识点</a>
</div>
<div class="post-nav">
<div class="post-nav-next post-nav-item">
</div>
<span class="post-nav-divider"></span>
<div class="post-nav-prev post-nav-item">
<a href="/posts/e51028a3.html" rel="prev" title="分享一下自己做的一个图片加载库XImageLoader">
分享一下自己做的一个图片加载库XImageLoader <i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i>
</a>
</div>
</div>
</footer>
</div>
</article>
<div class="post-spread">
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sidebar-toggle">
<div class="sidebar-toggle-line-wrap">
<span class="sidebar-toggle-line sidebar-toggle-line-first"></span>
<span class="sidebar-toggle-line sidebar-toggle-line-middle"></span>
<span class="sidebar-toggle-line sidebar-toggle-line-last"></span>
</div>
</div>
<aside id="sidebar" class="sidebar">
<div id="sidebar-dimmer"></div>
<div class="sidebar-inner">
<ul class="sidebar-nav motion-element">
<li class="sidebar-nav-toc sidebar-nav-active" data-target="post-toc-wrap">
文章目录
</li>
<li class="sidebar-nav-overview" data-target="site-overview-wrap">
站点概览
</li>
</ul>
<section class="site-overview-wrap sidebar-panel">
<div class="site-overview">
<div class="site-author motion-element" itemprop="author" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person">
<img class="site-author-image" itemprop="image" src="/images/avatar.png" alt="Xu">
<p class="site-author-name" itemprop="name">Xu</p>
<p class="site-description motion-element" itemprop="description">Tencent / 一个自律的Developer</p>
</div>
<nav class="site-state motion-element">
<div class="site-state-item site-state-posts">
<a href="/archives/">
<span class="site-state-item-count">13</span>
<span class="site-state-item-name">日志</span>
</a>
</div>
<div class="site-state-item site-state-categories">
<a href="/categories/index.html">
<span class="site-state-item-count">1</span>
<span class="site-state-item-name">分类</span>
</a>
</div>
<div class="site-state-item site-state-tags">
<a href="/tags/index.html">
<span class="site-state-item-count">5</span>
<span class="site-state-item-name">标签</span>
</a>
</div>
</nav>
<div class="links-of-author motion-element">
<span class="links-of-author-item">
<a href="https://github.com/XuDeveloper" target="_blank" title="GitHub">
<i class="fa fa-fw fa-github"></i>GitHub</a>
</span>
<span class="links-of-author-item">
<a href="mailto:zhangzhaoxu1215@gmail.com" target="_blank" title="E-Mail">
<i class="fa fa-fw fa-envelope"></i>E-Mail</a>
</span>
<span class="links-of-author-item">
<a href="https://juejin.im/user/57d6268879bc44005e583e8f" target="_blank" title="掘金">
<i class="fa fa-fw fa-globe"></i>掘金</a>
</span>
<span class="links-of-author-item">
<a href="https://www.jianshu.com/u/5ab00bb2dd06" target="_blank" title="简书">
<i class="fa fa-fw fa-globe"></i>简书</a>
</span>
<span class="links-of-author-item">
<a href="https://blog.csdn.net/Xu_1215" target="_blank" title="CSDN">
<i class="fa fa-fw fa-globe"></i>CSDN</a>
</span>
<span class="links-of-author-item">
<a href="http://cv.qiaobutang.com/r/5d4fde3a60b27adb07032b9d" target="_blank" title="简历">
<i class="fa fa-fw fa-globe"></i>简历</a>
</span>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<!--noindex-->
<section class="post-toc-wrap motion-element sidebar-panel sidebar-panel-active">
<div class="post-toc">
<div class="post-toc-content"><ol class="nav"><li class="nav-item nav-level-4"><a class="nav-link" href="#1-何谓Handler机制?"><span class="nav-text">1.何谓Handler机制?</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-4"><a class="nav-link" href="#2-Looper"><span class="nav-text">2.Looper</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-5"><a class="nav-link" href="#Looper-prepare-:"><span class="nav-text">Looper#prepare():</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-5"><a class="nav-link" href="#Looper-Looper-:"><span class="nav-text">Looper#Looper():</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-5"><a class="nav-link" href="#Looper-loop-:"><span class="nav-text">Looper#loop():</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-4"><a class="nav-link" href="#3-Handler"><span class="nav-text">3.Handler</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-5"><a class="nav-link" href="#Handler-Handler-:"><span class="nav-text">Handler#Handler():</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-5"><a class="nav-link" href="#Handler-dispatchMessage-:"><span class="nav-text">Handler#dispatchMessage():</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></div>
</div>
</section>
<!--/noindex-->
</div>
</aside>
</div>
</main>
<footer id="footer" class="footer">
<div class="footer-inner">
<div class="copyright">© 2017 — <span itemprop="copyrightYear">2020</span>
<span class="with-love">
<i class="fa fa-user"></i>
</span>
<span class="author" itemprop="copyrightHolder">Xu</span>
</div>
</div>
</footer>
<div class="back-to-top">
<i class="fa fa-arrow-up"></i>
<span id="scrollpercent"><span>0</span>%</span>
</div>
</div>
<script type="text/javascript">
if (Object.prototype.toString.call(window.Promise) !== '[object Function]') {
window.Promise = null;
}
</script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/lib/jquery/index.js?v=2.1.3"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/lib/fastclick/lib/fastclick.min.js?v=1.0.6"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/lib/jquery_lazyload/jquery.lazyload.js?v=1.9.7"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/lib/velocity/velocity.min.js?v=1.2.1"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/lib/velocity/velocity.ui.min.js?v=1.2.1"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/lib/fancybox/source/jquery.fancybox.pack.js?v=2.1.5"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/js/src/utils.js?v=5.1.3"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/js/src/motion.js?v=5.1.3"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/js/src/affix.js?v=5.1.3"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/js/src/schemes/pisces.js?v=5.1.3"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/js/src/scrollspy.js?v=5.1.3"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/js/src/post-details.js?v=5.1.3"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/js/src/bootstrap.js?v=5.1.3"></script>
<script src="https://cdn1.lncld.net/static/js/av-core-mini-0.6.4.js"></script>
<script>AV.initialize("cuurqASW68QGjh4eTE0Q2wms-gzGzoHsz", "aD2I7rNsxW6YIQXSpg0aQdyn");</script>
<script>
function showTime(Counter) {
var query = new AV.Query(Counter);
var entries = [];
var $visitors = $(".leancloud_visitors");
$visitors.each(function () {
entries.push( $(this).attr("id").trim() );
});
query.containedIn('url', entries);
query.find()
.done(function (results) {
var COUNT_CONTAINER_REF = '.leancloud-visitors-count';
if (results.length === 0) {
$visitors.find(COUNT_CONTAINER_REF).text(0);
return;
}
for (var i = 0; i < results.length; i++) {
var item = results[i];
var url = item.get('url');
var time = item.get('time');
var element = document.getElementById(url);
$(element).find(COUNT_CONTAINER_REF).text(time);
}
for(var i = 0; i < entries.length; i++) {
var url = entries[i];
var element = document.getElementById(url);
var countSpan = $(element).find(COUNT_CONTAINER_REF);
if( countSpan.text() == '') {
countSpan.text(0);
}
}
})
.fail(function (object, error) {
console.log("Error: " + error.code + " " + error.message);
});
}
function addCount(Counter) {
var $visitors = $(".leancloud_visitors");
var url = $visitors.attr('id').trim();
var title = $visitors.attr('data-flag-title').trim();
var query = new AV.Query(Counter);
query.equalTo("url", url);
query.find({
success: function(results) {
if (results.length > 0) {
var counter = results[0];
counter.fetchWhenSave(true);
counter.increment("time");
counter.save(null, {
success: function(counter) {
var $element = $(document.getElementById(url));
$element.find('.leancloud-visitors-count').text(counter.get('time'));
},
error: function(counter, error) {
console.log('Failed to save Visitor num, with error message: ' + error.message);
}
});
} else {
var newcounter = new Counter();
/* Set ACL */
var acl = new AV.ACL();
acl.setPublicReadAccess(true);
acl.setPublicWriteAccess(true);
newcounter.setACL(acl);
/* End Set ACL */
newcounter.set("title", title);
newcounter.set("url", url);
newcounter.set("time", 1);
newcounter.save(null, {
success: function(newcounter) {
var $element = $(document.getElementById(url));
$element.find('.leancloud-visitors-count').text(newcounter.get('time'));
},
error: function(newcounter, error) {
console.log('Failed to create');
}
});
}
},
error: function(error) {
console.log('Error:' + error.code + " " + error.message);
}
});
}
$(function() {
var Counter = AV.Object.extend("Counter");
if ($('.leancloud_visitors').length == 1) {
addCount(Counter);
} else if ($('.post-title-link').length > 1) {
showTime(Counter);
}
});
</script>
<script>
(function(){
var bp = document.createElement('script');
var curProtocol = window.location.protocol.split(':')[0];
if (curProtocol === 'https') {
bp.src = 'https://zz.bdstatic.com/linksubmit/push.js';
}
else {
bp.src = 'http://push.zhanzhang.baidu.com/push.js';
}
var s = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0];
s.parentNode.insertBefore(bp, s);
})();
</script>
</body>
</html>