When using a child theme, <?php echo esc_url( get_stylesheet_directory_uri() ); ?> is different.
The image should be the URI when saved, so <?php echo esc_url( get_template_directory_uri() ); ?> would be correct.

Reproduction steps

1. Create a pattern that includes an image in the parent theme
2. Save the theme
3. Create an empty child theme of the theme created in 2
4. Activate the child theme.
   The image path changes and assets are not displayed.