[BUG] Pow.pow silently wraps when the result exceeds long range #7751

Description

com.thealgorithms.maths.Pow.pow(int a, int b) multiplies into a long without checking whether the result is representable. For example, Pow.pow(2, 63) mathematically equals 9223372036854775808, which is greater than Long.MAX_VALUE, but Java long overflow causes the method to return Long.MIN_VALUE. That is a plausible-looking but incorrect result for a utility documented as computing a power and returning a long.

Steps to reproduce

1. Call Pow.pow(2, 63) (or Pow.pow(2, 64)).
2. Observe the returned value: Long.MIN_VALUE for the first call, and 0 for the second, due to overflow wrapping.

Excepted behavior

When the exact result cannot fit in a long, the method should detect overflow and report it (for example, by throwing ArithmeticException), or explicitly document wraparound as its intended behavior.

Screenshots

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Additional context

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