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<meta name="description" content="Learn about whether you should use Python version 2 or 3 to build your applications.">
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<title>Python 2 or 3? - Full Stack Python</title>
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<h1>Python 2 or 3?</h1>
<p>The Python programming language is currently in the midst of a long-term
transition from version 2 to version 3. New programmers typically have many
questions about which version they should learn. It's confusing to hear
that Python 3, which was originally released in 2008, is still not the default
installation on many operating systems.</p>
<p>Here's the good news: you can't go wrong starting with either version. While
there are differences in unicode and syntax, for the most part if you
start with Python 2 and then learn Python 3 you won't be starting from
scratch. Likewise, you'll be able to read and write Python 2 code if you
started with Python 3.</p>
<p>My personal recommendation for new programmers as of right now is to use
Python 3. There are enough <a href="/best-python-resources.html">great resources</a>
out there that teach version 3 from the ground up. Python 3 is the future
and you will not regret starting with the "correct" version of the
programming language.</p>
<p>However, if you are interested in DevOps-type work with
<a href="/configuration-management.html">configuration management tools</a> such as
Ansible or Fabric, then you'll have to stick to Python 2 because they have
yet to upgrade to support Python 3. If you know there are libraries you must
use in a project, check the
<a href="https://python3wos.appspot.com/">Python Walls of Superpowers</a>. If you're
using Django, there is also a wall specifically for
<a href="http://djangowos.com/">Python 3 compatibility of popular Django packages</a>.</p>
<h3>Visualizations and Projects</h3>
<p>Since upgrading from Python 2 to 3 has been such a huge undertaking within
the community, many projects have sprung up to make the transition easier.</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><a href="https://pythonhosted.org/six/">six</a> is a 2/3 compatibility library that
is a dependency for many popular Python projects to make it easier to
support both Python 2 and 3 at the same time.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="http://py3readiness.org/">Python 3 Readiness</a> is a visualization of
which most popular 360 libraries (by downloads) are ready to be
used with Python 3.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>The <a href="https://pythonclock.org/">Python clock</a> counts down the time until
Python 2.x is no longer maintained. While in 2016 Python 2's retirement
may seem a long time away, it can take a lot of time and effort to migrate
existing application to the modified syntax in 3.x.</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h3>Porting to Python 3 resources</h3>
<p>Moving an existing codebase to Python 3 from 2 can be a daunting task,
These resources were created by fellow developers who've previously
gone through the process and have advice for making it less painful.</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><a href="http://python3porting.com/">Python 3 Porting</a> is an entire book with
details for how to upgrade your existing projects and libraries to
Python 3.x.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="http://ptgmedia.pearsoncmg.com/imprint_downloads/informit/promotions/python/python2python3.pdf">Moving from Python 2 to Python 3</a>
is a PDF cheatsheet for porting your Python code.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>The official
<a href="https://wiki.python.org/moin/PortingToPy3k/">porting code to Python 3</a>
page links to resources on porting Python code as well as underlying C
implementations. There is also a
<a href="https://wiki.python.org/moin/PortingToPy3k/BilingualQuickRef">quick reference for writting code with Python 2 and 3 compatibility</a>.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="https://godjango.com/96-django-and-python-3-how-to-setup-pyenv-for-multiple-pythons/">Django and Python 3 How to Setup pyenv for Multiple Pythons</a>
is a screencast showing how to run both Python 2 and 3 for different
projects using pyenv.</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h3>Python 2 to 3 resources</h3>
<ul>
<li>
<p><a href="https://eev.ee/blog/2016/07/31/python-faq-why-should-i-use-python-3/">Why should I use Python 3?</a>
is a detailed FAQ on important topics such as unicode support, iteration
improvements and async upgrades provided by 3.x.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Want to know all of the advantages and what's changed in Python 3
compared to Python 2? There's
<a href="https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/index.html">an official guide to Python 3 changes</a>
you'll want to read.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="https://hynek.me/articles/python3-2016/">Python 3 in 2016</a> explains
that many newer Python developers have only used Python 3 and as that
cohort continues to grow it will have an outsized impact on further
adoption.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/pythonengineering/2016/03/08/python-3-is-winning/">Python 3 is winning</a>
presents data and graphs from PyPI to show that at the current rate,
by mid-2016 overall Python 3 library support will overtake Python 2
support.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="http://www.snarky.ca/the-stages-of-the-python-3-transition">The stages of the Python 3 transition</a>
provides perspective from a core Python developer on how the transition from
Python 2 to 3 is going as of the end of 2015.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="http://nothingbutsnark.svbtle.com/porting-to-python-3-is-like-eating-your-vegetables">Porting to Python 3 is like eating your vegetables</a>
explains that there are treats in Python 3 that are worth porting for and
has some tips on making the transition easier.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="http://blog.scrapinghub.com/2015/08/19/scrapy-on-the-road-to-python-3-support/">Scrapy on the road to Python 3 support</a>
explains from the perspective of a widely used Python project what their
plan is for supporting Python 3 and why it has taken so long to make it
happen.</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h3>What's next now that you know about Python versions?</h3>
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Introduction</a><a href="/learning-programming.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Learning Programming</a><a href="/why-use-python.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Why Use Python?</a><a href="/python-2-or-3.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item active" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Python 2 or 3?</a><a href="/enterprise-python.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Enterprise Python</a><a href="/best-python-resources.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Best Python Resources</a><a href="/best-python-videos.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Best Python Videos</a><a href="/development-environments.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>2. Development Environments</a><a href="/vim.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Vim</a><a href="/emacs.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Emacs</a><a href="/python-programming-language.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>3. Core Language</a><a href="/generators.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Generators</a><a href="/comprehensions.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Comprehensions</a><a href="/web-development.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>4. Web Development</a><a href="/web-frameworks.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Web Frameworks</a><a href="/django.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Django</a><a href="/flask.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Flask</a><a href="/bottle.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Bottle</a><a href="/pyramid.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Pyramid</a><a href="/morepath.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Morepath</a><a href="/other-web-frameworks.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Other Web Frameworks</a><a href="/web-design.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Web Design</a><a href="/cascading-style-sheets.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)</a><a href="/javascript.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>JavaScript</a><a href="/websockets.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>WebSockets</a><a href="/template-engines.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Template Engines</a><a href="/web-application-security.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Web Application Security</a><a href="/static-site-generator.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Static Site Generators</a><a href="/jinja2.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Jinja2</a><a href="/data.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>5. 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Web APIs</a><a href="/api-integration.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>API Integration</a><a href="/api-creation.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>API Creation</a><a href="/twilio.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Twilio</a><a href="/deployment.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>7. 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Meta</a><a href="/change-log.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Change Log</a><a href="/future-directions.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Future Directions</a><a href="/about-author.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>About the Author</a> <a href="/table-of-contents.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",san-serif;background-color:#22B24C; color: #fff;'>...or <span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted;">view the full table of contents</span>.</a>
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<div class="panel-heading"><h3 class="panel-head">Python 2 or 3?</h3></div>
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<a href="/introduction.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>1. Introduction</a> <a href="/python-2-or-3.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item active" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>» Python 2 or 3?</a>
<a href="/development-environments.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>2. Development Environments</a><a href="/python-programming-language.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>3. Core Language</a><a href="/web-development.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>4. Web Development</a><a href="/data.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>5. Data</a><a href="/application-programming-interfaces.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>6. Web APIs</a><a href="/deployment.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>7. Deployment</a><a href="/testing.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>8. Testing</a><a href="/what-full-stack-means.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>9. Meta</a> <a href="/table-of-contents.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",san-serif;background-color:#22B24C; color: #fff;'>...or <span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted;">view the full table of contents</span>.</a>
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