RustPython · youknowone · Jun 9, 2026 · Jun 3, 2026 · Jun 3, 2026 · Jun 3, 2026
diff --git a/crates/vm/src/exceptions.rs b/crates/vm/src/exceptions.rs
@@ -1593,6 +1593,7 @@ pub(super) mod types {
         },
         convert::ToPyResult,
         function::{ArgBytesLike, FuncArgs, KwArgs},
+        set_attrs,
         types::{Constructor, Initializer},
     };
     use crossbeam_utils::atomic::AtomicCell;
@@ -1694,6 +1695,7 @@ pub(super) mod types {
     #[derive(Debug)]
     #[repr(transparent)]
     pub struct PyFloatingPointError(PyArithmeticError);
+
     #[pyexception(name, base = PyArithmeticError, ctx = "overflow_error", impl)]
     #[derive(Debug)]
     #[repr(transparent)]
@@ -1738,8 +1740,10 @@ pub(super) mod types {
             PyBaseException::slot_init(zelf.clone(), base_args, vm)?;
 
             // Set attributes
-            zelf.set_attr("name", vm.unwrap_or_none(name), vm)?;
-            zelf.set_attr("obj", vm.unwrap_or_none(obj), vm)?;
+            set_attrs!(zelf, vm,
+                "name" => vm.unwrap_or_none(name),
+                "obj" => vm.unwrap_or_none(obj),
+            );
             Ok(())
         }
 
@@ -2653,12 +2657,13 @@ pub(super) mod types {
         fn slot_init(zelf: PyObjectRef, args: FuncArgs, vm: &VirtualMachine) -> PyResult<()> {
             type Args = (PyStrRef, ArgBytesLike, isize, isize, PyStrRef);
             let (encoding, object, start, end, reason): Args = args.bind(vm)?;
-            zelf.set_attr("encoding", encoding, vm)?;
-            let object_as_bytes = vm.ctx.new_bytes(object.borrow_buf().to_vec());
-            zelf.set_attr("object", object_as_bytes, vm)?;
-            zelf.set_attr("start", vm.ctx.new_int(start), vm)?;
-            zelf.set_attr("end", vm.ctx.new_int(end), vm)?;
-            zelf.set_attr("reason", reason, vm)?;
+            set_attrs!(zelf, vm,
+                "encoding" => encoding,
+                "object" => vm.ctx.new_bytes(object.borrow_buf().to_vec()),
+                "start" => vm.ctx.new_int(start),
+                "end" => vm.ctx.new_int(end),
+                "reason" => reason,
+            );
             Ok(())
         }
 
@@ -2711,11 +2716,13 @@ pub(super) mod types {
         fn slot_init(zelf: PyObjectRef, args: FuncArgs, vm: &VirtualMachine) -> PyResult<()> {
             type Args = (PyStrRef, PyStrRef, isize, isize, PyStrRef);
             let (encoding, object, start, end, reason): Args = args.bind(vm)?;
-            zelf.set_attr("encoding", encoding, vm)?;
-            zelf.set_attr("object", object, vm)?;
-            zelf.set_attr("start", vm.ctx.new_int(start), vm)?;
-            zelf.set_attr("end", vm.ctx.new_int(end), vm)?;
-            zelf.set_attr("reason", reason, vm)?;
+            set_attrs!(zelf, vm,
+                "encoding" => encoding,
+                "object" => object,
+                "start" => vm.ctx.new_int(start),
+                "end" => vm.ctx.new_int(end),
+                "reason" => reason,
+            );
             Ok(())
         }
 
@@ -2766,10 +2773,12 @@ pub(super) mod types {
         fn slot_init(zelf: PyObjectRef, args: FuncArgs, vm: &VirtualMachine) -> PyResult<()> {
             type Args = (PyStrRef, isize, isize, PyStrRef);
             let (object, start, end, reason): Args = args.bind(vm)?;
-            zelf.set_attr("object", object, vm)?;
-            zelf.set_attr("start", vm.ctx.new_int(start), vm)?;
-            zelf.set_attr("end", vm.ctx.new_int(end), vm)?;
-            zelf.set_attr("reason", reason, vm)?;
+            set_attrs!(zelf, vm,
+                "object" => object,
+                "start" => vm.ctx.new_int(start),
+                "end" => vm.ctx.new_int(end),
+                "reason" => reason,
+            );
             Ok(())
         }
 

diff --git a/crates/vm/src/protocol/object.rs b/crates/vm/src/protocol/object.rs
@@ -826,3 +826,18 @@ impl PyObject {
         }
     }
 }
+
+/// Macro to reduce code repetition when setting multiple attributes on an object.
+#[macro_export]
+macro_rules! set_attrs {
+    ($obj:expr, $vm:expr, unwrap, $($key:expr => $val:expr),+ $(,)?) => {
+        $(
+            $obj.set_attr($key, $val, $vm).unwrap();
+        )+
+    };
+    ($obj:expr, $vm:expr, $($key:expr => $val:expr),+ $(,)?) => {
+        $(
+            $obj.set_attr($key, $val, $vm)?;
+        )+
+    };
+}
diff --git a/crates/vm/src/stdlib/_ctypes/simple.rs b/crates/vm/src/stdlib/_ctypes/simple.rs
@@ -11,7 +11,9 @@ use crate::convert::ToPyObject;
 use crate::function::{Either, FuncArgs, OptionalArg};
 use crate::protocol::{BufferDescriptor, PyBuffer, PyNumberMethods};
 use crate::types::{AsBuffer, AsNumber, Constructor, Initializer, Representable};
-use crate::{AsObject, Py, PyObject, PyObjectRef, PyPayload, PyRef, PyResult, VirtualMachine};
+use crate::{
+    AsObject, Py, PyObject, PyObjectRef, PyPayload, PyRef, PyResult, VirtualMachine, set_attrs,
+};
 use alloc::borrow::Cow;
 use core::fmt::Debug;
 use num_traits::ToPrimitive;
@@ -605,12 +607,11 @@ fn create_swapped_types(
     // c_char (c), c_byte (b), c_ubyte (B)
     let single_byte_types = ["c", "b", "B"];
     if single_byte_types.contains(&type_str) {
-        type_ref
-            .as_object()
-            .set_attr("__ctype_le__", type_ref.as_object().to_owned(), vm)?;
-        type_ref
-            .as_object()
-            .set_attr("__ctype_be__", type_ref.as_object().to_owned(), vm)?;
+        set_attrs!(
+            type_ref.as_object(), vm,
+            "__ctype_le__" => type_ref.as_object().to_owned(),
+            "__ctype_be__" => type_ref.as_object().to_owned(),
+        );
         return Ok(());
     }
 
@@ -627,12 +628,11 @@ fn create_swapped_types(
     let bases = vm.ctx.new_tuple(vec![type_ref.as_object().to_owned()]);
 
     // Set placeholder first to prevent recursion
-    type_ref
-        .as_object()
-        .set_attr("__ctype_le__", vm.ctx.none(), vm)?;
-    type_ref
-        .as_object()
-        .set_attr("__ctype_be__", vm.ctx.none(), vm)?;
+    set_attrs!(
+        type_ref.as_object(), vm,
+        "__ctype_le__" => vm.ctx.none(),
+        "__ctype_be__" => vm.ctx.none(),
+    );
 
     // Create only the non-native endian type
     let suffix = if is_little_endian { "_be" } else { "_le" };
@@ -646,7 +646,10 @@ fn create_swapped_types(
     )?;
 
     // Set _swappedbytes_ on the swapped type to indicate byte swapping is needed
-    swapped_type.set_attr("_swappedbytes_", vm.ctx.none(), vm)?;
+    set_attrs!(
+        swapped_type, vm,
+        "_swappedbytes_" => vm.ctx.none(),
+    );
 
     // Update swapped type's StgInfo format to use opposite endian prefix
     if let Ok(swapped_type_ref) = swapped_type.clone().downcast::<PyType>()
@@ -661,27 +664,27 @@ fn create_swapped_types(
 
     // Set attributes based on system byte order
     // Native endian attribute points to self, non-native points to swapped type
-    if is_little_endian {
+    let type_obj = type_ref.as_object().to_owned();
+    let swapped_obj = swapped_type.clone();
+    let (ctype_le, ctype_be) = if is_little_endian {
         // Little-endian system: __ctype_le__ = self, __ctype_be__ = swapped
-        type_ref
-            .as_object()
-            .set_attr("__ctype_le__", type_ref.as_object().to_owned(), vm)?;
-        type_ref
-            .as_object()
-            .set_attr("__ctype_be__", swapped_type.clone(), vm)?;
-        swapped_type.set_attr("__ctype_le__", type_ref.as_object().to_owned(), vm)?;
-        swapped_type.set_attr("__ctype_be__", swapped_type.clone(), vm)?;
+        (type_obj, swapped_obj)
     } else {
-        // Big-endian system: __ctype_be__ = self, __ctype_le__ = swapped
-        type_ref
-            .as_object()
-            .set_attr("__ctype_be__", type_ref.as_object().to_owned(), vm)?;
-        type_ref
-            .as_object()
-            .set_attr("__ctype_le__", swapped_type.clone(), vm)?;
-        swapped_type.set_attr("__ctype_be__", type_ref.as_object().to_owned(), vm)?;
-        swapped_type.set_attr("__ctype_le__", swapped_type.clone(), vm)?;
-    }
+        // Big-endian system: __ctype_le__ = swapped, __ctype_be__ = self
+        (swapped_obj, type_obj)
+    };
+
+    set_attrs!(
+        type_ref.as_object(), vm,
+        "__ctype_le__" => ctype_le.clone(),
+        "__ctype_be__" => ctype_be.clone(),
+    );
+
+    set_attrs!(
+       swapped_type, vm,
+       "__ctype_le__" => ctype_le,
+       "__ctype_be__" => ctype_be,
+    );
 
     Ok(())
 }

diff --git a/crates/vm/src/vm/vm_new.rs b/crates/vm/src/vm/vm_new.rs
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ use crate::{
     exceptions::OSErrorBuilder,
     function::{IntoPyNativeFn, PyMethodFlags},
     scope::Scope,
+    set_attrs,
     vm::VirtualMachine,
 };
 
@@ -425,7 +426,11 @@ impl VirtualMachine {
     pub fn new_name_error(&self, msg: impl Into<Wtf8Buf>, name: PyStrRef) -> PyBaseExceptionRef {
         let name_error_type = self.ctx.exceptions.name_error.to_owned();
         let name_error = self.new_exception_msg(name_error_type, msg.into());
-        name_error.as_object().set_attr("name", name, self).unwrap();
+        set_attrs!(
+            name_error.as_object(), self, unwrap,
+            "name" => name,
+        );
+
         name_error
     }
 
@@ -512,13 +517,16 @@ impl VirtualMachine {
                 reason.clone().into(),
             ],
         );
-        exc.as_object()
-            .set_attr("encoding", encoding, self)
-            .unwrap();
-        exc.as_object().set_attr("object", object, self).unwrap();
-        exc.as_object().set_attr("start", start, self).unwrap();
-        exc.as_object().set_attr("end", end, self).unwrap();
-        exc.as_object().set_attr("reason", reason, self).unwrap();
+
+        set_attrs!(
+            exc.as_object(), self, unwrap,
+            "encoding" => encoding,
+            "object" => object,
+            "start" => start,
+            "end" => end,
+            "reason" => reason,
+        );
+
         exc
     }
 
@@ -542,13 +550,16 @@ impl VirtualMachine {
                 reason.clone().into(),
             ],
         );
-        exc.as_object()
-            .set_attr("encoding", encoding, self)
-            .unwrap();
-        exc.as_object().set_attr("object", object, self).unwrap();
-        exc.as_object().set_attr("start", start, self).unwrap();
-        exc.as_object().set_attr("end", end, self).unwrap();
-        exc.as_object().set_attr("reason", reason, self).unwrap();
+
+        set_attrs!(
+            exc.as_object(), self, unwrap,
+            "encoding" => encoding,
+            "object" => object,
+            "start" => start,
+            "end" => end,
+            "reason" => reason,
+        );
+
         exc
     }
 
@@ -752,14 +763,12 @@ impl VirtualMachine {
         let (lineno, offset) = error.python_location();
         let lineno = self.ctx.new_int(lineno);
         let offset = self.ctx.new_int(offset);
-        syntax_error
-            .as_object()
-            .set_attr("lineno", lineno, self)
-            .unwrap();
-        syntax_error
-            .as_object()
-            .set_attr("offset", offset, self)
-            .unwrap();
+
+        set_attrs!(
+            syntax_error.as_object(), self, unwrap,
+            "lineno" => lineno,
+            "offset" => offset,
+        );
 
         // Set end_lineno and end_offset if available
         if let Some((end_lineno, end_offset)) = error.python_end_location() {
@@ -771,24 +780,19 @@ impl VirtualMachine {
             };
             let end_lineno = self.ctx.new_int(end_lineno);
             let end_offset = self.ctx.new_int(end_offset);
-            syntax_error
-                .as_object()
-                .set_attr("end_lineno", end_lineno, self)
-                .unwrap();
-            syntax_error
-                .as_object()
-                .set_attr("end_offset", end_offset, self)
-                .unwrap();
+
+            set_attrs!(
+                syntax_error.as_object(), self, unwrap,
+                "end_lineno" => end_lineno,
+                "end_offset" => end_offset,
+            );
         }
 
-        syntax_error
-            .as_object()
-            .set_attr("text", statement.to_pyobject(self), self)
-            .unwrap();
-        syntax_error
-            .as_object()
-            .set_attr("filename", self.ctx.new_str(error.source_path()), self)
-            .unwrap();
+        set_attrs!(
+            syntax_error.as_object(), self, unwrap,
+            "text" => statement.to_pyobject(self),
+            "filename" => self.ctx.new_str(error.source_path())
+        );
 
         // Set _metadata for keyword typo suggestions in traceback module.
         // Format: (start_line, col_offset, source_code)
@@ -800,10 +804,10 @@ impl VirtualMachine {
                 self.ctx.new_int(0).into(),
                 self.ctx.new_str(source).into(),
             ]);
-            syntax_error
-                .as_object()
-                .set_attr("_metadata", metadata, self)
-                .unwrap();
+            set_attrs!(
+                syntax_error.as_object(), self, unwrap,
+                "_metadata" => metadata,
+            );
         }
 
         syntax_error
@@ -825,7 +829,11 @@ impl VirtualMachine {
     ) -> PyBaseExceptionRef {
         let import_error = self.ctx.exceptions.import_error.to_owned();
         let exc = self.new_exception_msg(import_error, msg.into());
-        exc.as_object().set_attr("name", name.into(), self).unwrap();
+        set_attrs!(
+            exc.as_object(), self, unwrap,
+            "name" => name.into(),
+        );
+
         exc
     }