description: "Describes the Microsoft C runtime library global constants __argc, __argv, and __wargv."

no-loc: [__argc, __argv, __wargv, main, wmain]

[Global variables](../c-runtime-library/global-variables.md)\

[main function and command-line arguments (C++)](../cpp/main-function-command-line-args.md)\

description: "Describes the Microsoft C runtime library getenv_s and _wgetenv_s functions."

ms.date: "01/15/2020"

no-loc: [getenv_s, _wgetenv_s, _putenv_s, main, wmain, errno, EINVAL, ERANGE, _environ, _wenviron, _putenv, _wputenv, _tgetenv_s, _tzset, _dupenv_s, _wdupenv_s]

The **getenv_s** function searches the list of environment variables for *varname*. **getenv_s** is not case sensitive in the Windows operating system. **getenv_s** and [_putenv_s](putenv-s-wputenv-s.md) use the copy of the environment that's pointed to by the global variable **_environ** to access the environment. **getenv_s** operates only on the data structures that are accessible to the run-time library and not on the environment "segment" that's created for the process by the operating system. Therefore, programs that use the *envp* argument to [main](../../cpp/main-function-command-line-args.md) or [wmain](../../cpp/main-function-command-line-args.md) might retrieve invalid information.

description: "Describes the Microsoft C runtime library getenv and _wgetenv functions."

ms.date: "01/15/2020"

no-loc: [getenv, _wgetenv, getenv_s, _wgetenv_s, _putenv_s, main, wmain, errno, EINVAL, ERANGE, _environ, _wenviron, _putenv, _wputenv, _tgetenv_s, _tzset, _dupenv_s, _wdupenv_s]

The **getenv** function searches the list of environment variables for *varname*. **getenv** is not case sensitive in the Windows operating system. **getenv** and **_putenv** use the copy of the environment pointed to by the global variable **_environ** to access the environment. **getenv** operates only on the data structures accessible to the run-time library and not on the environment "segment" created for the process by the operating system. Therefore, programs that use the *envp* argument to [main](../../cpp/main-function-command-line-args.md) or [wmain](../../cpp/main-function-command-line-args.md) may retrieve invalid information.

[Process and environment control](../../c-runtime-library/process-and-environment-control.md)<br/>

[Environmental constants](../../c-runtime-library/environmental-constants.md)<br/>

ms.date: "01/14/2020"

no-loc: [strtol, wcstol, _strtol_l, _wcstol_l, LONG_MAX, LONG_MIN, errno, ERANGE, EINVAL, LC_NUMERIC, _tcstol, _tcstol_l, localeconv, setlocale, _wsetlocale, strtod, _strtod_l, wcstod, _wcstod_l, strtoll, _strtoll_l, wcstoll, _wcstoll_l, strtoul, _strtoul_l, wcstoul, _wcstoul_l, atof, _atof_l, _wtof, _wtof_l]

Convert strings to a **long** integer value.

const char *string,

char **end_ptr,

const wchar_t *string,

wchar_t **end_ptr,

const char *string,

char **end_ptr,

const wchar_t *string,

wchar_t **end_ptr,

An output parameter, set to point to the character after the last interpreted character. Ignored, if **NULL**.

*base*\

*locale*\

**strtol**, **wcstol**, **_strtol_l**, and **_wcstol_l** return the value represented in *string*. They return 0 if no conversion is possible. When the representation would cause an overflow, they return **LONG_MAX** or **LONG_MIN**.

**errno** is set to **ERANGE** if overflow or underflow occurs. It's set to **EINVAL** if *string* is **NULL**. Or, if *base* is nonzero and less than 2, or greater than 36. For more information on **ERANGE**, **EINVAL**, and other return codes, see [_doserrno, errno, _sys_errlist, and _sys_nerr](../../c-runtime-library/errno-doserrno-sys-errlist-and-sys-nerr.md).

The **strtol**, **wcstol**, **_strtol_l**, and **_wcstol_l** functions convert *string* to a **long**. They stop reading *string* at the first character not recognized as part of a number. It may be the terminating-null character, or the first alphanumeric character greater than or equal to *base*.

**wcstol** and **_wcstol_l** are wide-character versions of **strtol** and **_strtol_l**. Their *string* argument is a wide-character string. These functions behave identically to **strtol** and **_strtol_l** otherwise. The locale's **LC_NUMERIC** category setting determines recognition of the radix character (the fractional marker or decimal point) in *string*. The functions **strtol** and **wcstol** use the current locale. **_strtol_l** and **_wcstol_l** use the locale passed in instead. For more information, see [setlocale] and [Locale](../../c-runtime-library/locale.md).

When *end_ptr* is **NULL**, it's ignored. Otherwise, a pointer to the character that stopped the scan is stored at the location pointed to by *end_ptr*. No conversion is possible if no valid digits are found, or an invalid base is specified. The value of *string* is then stored at the location pointed to by *end_ptr*.

**strtol** expects *string* to point to a string of the following form:

Square brackets (`[ ]`) surround optional elements. Curly braces and a vertical bar (`{ | }`) surround alternatives for a single element. *whitespace* may consist of space and tab characters, which are ignored. *alphanumerics* are decimal digits or the letters 'a' through 'z' (or 'A' through 'Z'). The first character that doesn't fit this form stops the scan. If *base* is between 2 and 36, then it's used as the base of the number. If *base* is 0, the initial characters of the string pointed to by *string* are used to determine the base. If the first character is 0, and the second character isn't 'x' or 'X', the string is interpreted as an octal integer. If the first character is '0' and the second character is 'x' or 'X', the string is interpreted as a hexadecimal integer. If the first character is '1' through '9', the string is interpreted as a decimal integer. The letters 'a' through 'z' (or 'A' through 'Z') are assigned the values 10 through 35. The scan only allows letters whose values are less than *base*. The first character outside the range of the base stops the scan. For example, suppose *string* starts with "01". If *base* is 0, the scanner assumes it's an octal integer. An '8' or '9' character stops the scan.

|**_wcstol_l**|\<stdlib.h> or \<wchar.h>|

The **_strtol_l** and **_wcstol_l** functions are Microsoft-specific, not part of the Standard C library. For additional compatibility information, see [Compatibility](../compatibility.md).

[Data conversion](../data-conversion.md)\

[Locale](../locale.md)\

[localeconv](localeconv.md)\

[setlocale, _wsetlocale](setlocale-wsetlocale.md)\

[String to numeric value functions](../string-to-numeric-value-functions.md)\

[strtod, _strtod_l, wcstod, _wcstod_l](strtod-strtod-l-wcstod-wcstod-l.md)\

[strtoll, _strtoll_l, wcstoll, _wcstoll_l](strtoll-strtoll-l-wcstoll-wcstoll-l.md)\

[strtoul, _strtoul_l, wcstoul, _wcstoul_l](strtoul-strtoul-l-wcstoul-wcstoul-l.md)\

[atof, _atof_l, _wtof, _wtof_l](atof-atof-l-wtof-wtof-l.md)

Declarations of automatic, static, and external variables can contain initializers. However, declarations of external variables can contain initializers only if the variables are not declared as **extern**.